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RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE I. 



VIEW OF ONE OP THE NEW ^ONUMENTS ERECTED BY RESURVEY COMMISSION, 1902. 



REPORT 



ON 



THE RESURVEY 



OF THE 



Maryland - Pennsylvania Boundary 



PART OF 



THE MASON AND DIXON LINE 



AUTHORIZED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF 
MARYLAND AND PENNSYLVANIA 



PUBLISHED UNDER AUTHORITY OF AN ACT OF ASSEMBLY 
OF PENNSYLVANIA, APPROVED MAY 13, 1909 










HARRISBURG, PA. : 

HARRISBURG PUBLISHING Cp., STATE PRINTER 
1909 



^x 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 



Department of Internal Affairs, 
Harrisburg, Pa., May 20, 1909. 

To His Excellency, Edwin S. Stuart, 

Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 

Sir: I have the honor of herewith transmitting to you the joint 
report of the commissioners appointed to resurvey the boundary line 
between the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania, commonly known 
as the "Mason and Dixon Line," under provisions of the general ap- 
propriation act of Pennsylvania, approved May 13, 1899, in con- 
formity with section 2 of the act of Assembly of our State, approved 
May 4, 1889, and a concurrent act of the General Assembly of the 
State of Maryland, approved April 12, 1900, together with a carefully 
prepared history of the original Mason and Dixon survey, compiled 
from original field notes and records, by Captain W. C. Hodgkins, of 
the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, including his report on 
the resurvey of the line under direction of the above named commis- 
sioners, also an interesting chapter on events leading up to the origi-- 
nal survey, and a bibliography of publications on the subject by Pro- 
fessor Edward B. Mathews, Assistant State Geologist of Maryland, 
accompanied by a number of valuable maps relating to the text of the 
report and accompanying documents, the publication of all of which 
has been provided for by a special act of the General Assembly of 
this State, approved May 13, 1909. 

Very respectfully, 

HENRY HOUCK, 
Secretary of Internal Affairs. 



MASON AND DIXON LINE RESURVEY 
COMMISSION 

O. H. TITTMAIsT, Ciiaibma«. 

SUPERINTENDENT U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SUKVEY. 

WM. BULLOCK CLAEK, .... Seqeetaey. 

STATE GEOLOGIST, COMMISSIONER FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND. 

ISAAC B. BEOWE", 

SECRETARY INTERNAL AFFAIRS, COMMISSIONER FOR THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



EDWAED B; MATHEWS, Editor. 

ASSISTANT STATE GEOLOGIST OF MARYLAND. 



CONTENTS 



PAGE. 

PREFACE 17 

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION 21 

PART I. REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION. By 

Wm. Bullock Clark, Secretary, Commissioner for Mabtland .... 23 

PART II. REPORT OF THE ENGINEER IN CHARGE OF THE 
RESURVEY OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN MARYLAND AND 
PENNSYLVANIA, PART OF THE MASON AND DIXON LINE. 

By W. C. Hodgkins 37 

The Original Survey 39 

The Resurvey 68 

PART III. HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE BETWEEN 
THE BALTIMORES AND THE PENNS RESULTING IN THE 
ORIGINAL MASON AND DIXON LINE. By Edward Bennett 
Mathews 103 

Introductory 105 

The Charter of Maryland 108 

Settlements under the charter Ill 

Settlements on the Delaware 112 

Dutch settlements 113 

Swedish settlements IIC 

The First Conflict 117 

Advent of William Penn 124 

Conference between Lord' Baltimore and Governor Markham 126 

Conferences between Lord Baltimore and William Penn 130 

Conference at Colonel Tailler's 131 

The Conference at Newcastle 134 

The Talbot Line and Embassy 135 

The Controversy transferred to England 138 

Decision of November 13, 1685 140 

Duke of York's Title to west side of the Delaware 145 

A Period of Quiescence 151 

Circumstances adverse to boundary settlements 152 

Border Troubles 157 

Temporary Line of 1739-40 , . 160 

Agreement of 1732 163 



12 CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Commission of 1732 166 

Petition of August 8, 1734 r6'9 

The Chancery Case, 1735-1750 170 

Lord Hardwicke's Decision 173 

Survey of the Transpeninsular Line, 1750 175 

The Agreement of 1760 176 

Surveys under the Agreement of 1760 179 

Establishment of the Middle Point 181 

Running of the Meridian Line 181 

Location of the Tangent Line 183 

Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon 184 

The work of Messrs. Mason and Dixon 186 

"Westward Extension 190 

The Baltimore Conference 191 

Resurveys of the Old Boundary Lines 195 

The Graham Resurvey of 1849 1850 197 

Sinclair Resurvey of the "Western Extension, 1885 200 

Hodgkins Survey of the Circular Boundary, 1892 202 

PART IV. MANUSCRIPTS AND PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO 
THE MASON AND DIXON LINE AND OTHER LINES IN 
PENNSYLVANIA, MARYLAND AND THE VIRGINIAS IN- 
VOLVING THE CHARTER RIGHTS OF LORD BALTIMORE 
AND THE PENNS. By Edward L. Burchard and Edward Ben- 
nett Mathews 205 

The Dates employed in the Calendar 208 

List of Manuscripts and Publications 209 

Source Material 209 

The Maryland Charter 209 

The Penn Grant 234 

The "Circular" Boundary 264 

The Agreement of 1732 280 

The "Temporary" Line 300 

The Peninsular Line 312 

The Final Agreement 326 

Mason and Dixon Survey 340 

Extension of Mason and Dixon Line 357 

Southwest corner of Pennsylvania 367 

"Tangent Point" Resurvey by Graham 367 

Other Resurveys 371 



CONTENTS. 13 

PAGE. 

Maps 372 

Collections 372 

General ■ 372 

Grants and Early Lines 372 

First Decree and Agreement 373 

Final Decree and Agreement 373 

Mason and Dixon's Work 373 

Tangent Point Resurvey 374 

Secondary Material 375 

INDEX 405 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



III. 



IV-LXXIII. 

LXXIV. 

LXXV. 

LXXVI. 

LXXVII. 

LXXVIII. 



FACING PAGE 

I. View of new monument erected by Resurvey Commission, 

1902 '! 

II. Views of monuments along Mason and Dixon Line. 

Fig. 1. — ^Granite monument at northeast corner of 

Maryland 30 

Fig. 2. — New monument in an original mound, Martin's 
Mountain 30 

Views of monuments along Mason and Dixon Line. 

Fig. 1. — Granite monument at north end of Deakins Line 34 

Fig. 2. — 'Granite monument at north end of Michler Line 34 

Charts of Resurvey showing line and property boundaries. . 102 

Reproduction of Captain John Smith map of 1608 118 

Reproduction of N. J. Visscher map of 1659 142 

Reproduction of Augustine Herrman map of 1670 150 

Reproduction of Benjamin Bastburn map of 1740 166 

Map showing lines run to determine tangent point 182 

LXXIX. Map showing progress of Mason and Dixon Survey 190 

LXXX. Views of monuments along Mason and Dixon Line. 

Fig. 1. — Original cornerstone showing Baltimore arms.. 194 

Fig. 2. — Original cornerstone showing Penn arms 194 

LXXXI. Views of monuments along Mason and Dixon Line. 

Fig. 1. — ^Original milestone, repaired and reset 198 

Fig. 2. — 'New monument of 1902, set in old mound 198 

Facsimile of Parchment map prepared by Mason and Dixon 
in 1768 in pocket. 

ON PAGE 

Diagram showing method of crossing Susquehanna river 45 

Diagram showing trial lines of original survey and resurvey 76 

Lord Baltimore map of 1635 (reduced) 110 

Map showing extent of settlement when Pennsylvania was granted.. 123 

Maps showing relation of 40° N. lat. to Chesapeake Bay 132 

Maps showing relation of 40° N. lat. to Chesapeake Bay 133 

Map showing approximate location of first boundary line 136 

Map showing transpeninsular line and "middle point" 180 



LXXXII. 

FlGUBE 
1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 



PKEFACE. 

The present volume records the work of the Commission, appointed 
by authority of the Legislatures of Maryland and Pennsylvania, in 
the resurvey of the boundary between the two States, commonly known 
as the Mason and Dixon line. The present resurvey embraces only 
that portion of the original lino between tlie eastern and western 
limits of Maryland and does not include that part of the original 
work of Messrs. Mason and Dixon which now marks the boundary 
between Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The line between Mary- 
land and Delaware which also was run by the original surveyors has 
not been included in the work of the resurvey although many of the 
original monuments have disappeared or are now out of place and 
early provision should be made for its remarking. 

The Report on the Work- of the Commission by Wm. Bullock Clark, 
Secretary, is a statement of the various acts taken by the Commis- 
sioners in their performance of the duties entrusted to them. It 
narrates the Acts under which the work was undertaken and recites 
the essential incidents of the meetings of the Commissioners. 

The Report of the Engineer w Charge of the Resurvey of the 
Boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania, part of the Mason 
and Dixon Line, by W. C. Plodgkins, is devoted to a discussion of the 
original survey made by Messrs. Mason and Dixon during the years 
lYGS-lYGS and includes tlie republication of such items from the 
original field notes as are essential to the understanding of the more 
recent work. The second portion of this report relates directly to the 
resurvey of the boundary line, states the condition in which the line 
was found, the peculiar distribution of the stones originally intended 
as markers on the Mason and Dixon linCj and the methods employed 
in the resurvey for locating on the ground the position of the old line. 
The report is illustrated by a series of 69 plates representing the loca- 
tion of the buildings, fences, roads, and timber lines witli reference 
to the boundary line between tlie States of Maryland and Pennsyl- 
vania. 

17 



18 PREFACE 

The History of the Boundary Dispute between the Baltimores 
and Penns resulting in the Original Mason and Dixon Line, by 
Edward Bennett Mathews, is an exhaustive account of the interesting 
history of events which preceded the marking of the original line. 
The controversy is, perhaps, the most extensive and interesting of any 
arising from territorial disputes in America. The fact that the ad- 
joining provinces were owned by two families, to whom the inhabit- 
ants looked for the titles to their lands and toward whom their loyalty 
often led them to extreme acts, makes the controversy sharper and the 
feelings more personal than they would otherwise have been. The 
contestants on each side were possessed of sufficient arguments to 
make them exceedingly tenacious of their rights and the long contin- 
uance of the controversy led them by frequent repetition of the same 
arguments to believe not only in the correctness of the claims orig- 
inally put forth but also in the slightly increased claims which were 
made from time to time in the heat of argument. As the history 
shows, the most of the statements which have come down to the pres- 
ent are from partisan sources and must be interpreted with caution 
where the incidents are narrated by only a single contestant. 

The history of the original line is brought down to the present day 
by brief accounts of the extension of the east-west line to the western 
limit of Pennsylvania and the subsequent resurveys of portions of 
the original work under Graham, Sinclair, and Hodgkins. 

These narratives are based on the joint investigations of the orig- 
inal documents and literature of the subject by Messrs. Burchard and 
Mathews as described in the following paragraph. 

The Manuscripts and Publications relating to the Mason and 
Dixon Line and other Lines in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the Vir- 
ginias involving the Charter Rights of the Baltimores and Penns by 
Edward L. Burchard and Edward Bennett Mathews is the joint woriv 
of the authors who have examined the archives at Harrisburg, An- 
napolis, Philadelphia, l^ewcastle, Wilmington and Dover; the origi- 
nal documents in the possession of the Pennsylvania Historical 
Society and the Maryland Historical Society and such scattered 
papers, maps, etc., as are found in the Congressional Library, the 
libraries of the IT. S. Department of State and War, the U. S. Coast 



PREFACE 19 

and Geodetic Survey and the prominent libraries in the cities of the 
eastern States. Mr. Burchard when librarian of the Survey was 
detailed to this study in 1898 through the courtesy of the Superin- 
tendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and mucli work was 
done by him personally during his later connection with the Library 
of Congress. The results of this work were compiled in the form 
of a source book of records, et cetera, pertaining exclusively to sur- 
veys of the boundaries, giving bibliographic detail which it was sub- 
sequently found necessary to eliminate on account of the increasing 
bulk of the manuscript. During the course of editing and arranging 
the material in its present abbreviated form by the junior author 
many of the references have been verified and much additional mat- 
ter, gained especially from further examination of the Calvert 
Papers, has been incorporated. 

The chief sources of information outside of government archives 
regarding this historic controversy are found in the volumes of the 
Penn Manuscripts in the Pennsylvania Historical Society library 
and in the Calvert Papers of the Maryland Historical Society. The 
former in scattered form have been published in part in the Penn- 
sylvania Archives, especially Volumes V, VII, and XVI of the sec- 
ond series. The present bibliography is, however, the first approach- 
ing completeness which has been issued. 

The Commissioners wish herewith to express their appreciation of 
the many courtesies shown to them and to their representatives in 
the progress of the resurvey and especially for the bibliographic as- 
sistance furnished by the custodians in charge of the archives in the 
various libraries. 



REPORT OF THE COMMISSION 

To the General Assemblies of Maryland and Pennsylvania : 

The undersigned Commissioners authorized by legislation of the 
respective States to ascertain and re-mark the boundary between 
Maryland and Pennsylvania, popularly knovs^n as the Mason and 
Dixon line, beg leave to submit the accompanying report and maps 
with the recommendation that the results of the survey be accepted 
and that the location of the stones as defined by this survey be con- 
firmed as marking points on the boundary line between the States. 

The Resurvey has not involved a relocation or correction of the 
original line as determined by the surveyors Mason and Dixon in the 
years 17 6 3-1 Y 68, except at the points where the position of the line 
was in doubt. In such instances the monuments have been placed 
in accordance with the facts supplied by the original field notes of the 
surveyors. 

The detailed account of the acts of the joint commissioners is given 
in the report herewith submitted. 

January 25, 1907. 

Chairman. 
Superintendent U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

Secretary. 
State Geologist of Maryland, Commissioner for State of Maryland. 

^7^ — 

Secretary Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania, Commissioner for State of Pennsylvania 



PART I 
REPORT OK THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION 

BY 

WM. BULLOCK CLARK, Secretary 

COMMISSIONER FOR MARYLAND 



REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION 

BY 

WM. BULLOCK CLAKK, Secretary, 

COMMISSIONER FOR MARYLAND. 

Eor many years prior to the resurvey of that portion of the 
Mason and Dixon line constituting the boundary between Pennsyl- 
vania and Maryland the location of a large number of the original 
monuments was in doubt, especially along the western portion of 
the line where rough heaps of stone that had been thrown up about 
the original wooden posts alone marked the State boundary. Eveti 
the stone monuments that had been placed along the line farther 
eastward had been in many instances mutilated or removed in the 
century and more since they had been set. 

The attempt to locate the northern limits of the boundary line 
between Allegany and Garrett counties, Maryland, under an Act 
passed by the General Assembly of that State in 1898, clearly revealed 
the fact that many of the old monuments of Mason and Dixon had 
become obliterated and that a resurvey of the State boundary was 
necessary. Accordingly the State Geologist of Maryland, who had 
been authorized lo survey the county boundary, addressed, at the 
suggestion of the then Governor of Maryland, a letter to the Super- 
intendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, making inquiry 
as to what aid could be furnished by the Federal Government in 
case joint action were taken by Pennsylvania and Maryland in a 
resurvey of the common State boundary. The following letter was 
received in reply: 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

OFFICE OF THE TJ. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

November 7, 1898. 
Mb. Wm. Bullock Clark, 

State Geologist, Baltimore, Md. 
Sir: 

In reply to your letter of November 3 relating to the relocation 
of marks on the Ma«on and Dixon line I have to state that in case 



26 woee: of the commission 

of united action of the two States interested, Pennsylvania and 
Maryland, and a joint request by them for the relocation of the 
boundary marks, this Survey will be pleased to undertake the work. 
The portion of the Mason and Dixon line from the Pennsylvania and 
West Virginia corner to the Maryland and Pennsylvania corner was 
thus resurveyed and remarked in 1885. This latter corner therefore 
is available and may serve as a starting point for your present work 
and any necessary data in relation to it can be furnished you by 
this office. 

Respectfully yours, 

O. H. TiTTMANN, 

Acting Superintendent. 

On receipt of this letter a further communication was sent to the 
Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey asking for 
more detailed information as to the conditions under which that 
bureau would undertake that work and the probable cost to the States. 
The following reply was received : 

TEEASUET DEPAETMENT. 

OFFICE OF THE U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

November 26, 1898. 
Me. Wm. Bullock Claek, 

State Geologist, Baltimore, Md. 
Sie: 

Your letter of November 8 has remained unanswered, pending 
a closer investigation into the condition of the boundary monuments 
of Mason's and Dixon's line, as far as it could be learned from exist- 
ing documents. This evidence shows that the original plan of mark- 
ing the line by stones, carefully cut and prepared in England, was 
not carried out. That instead, on the western portion other cut 
stones were planted and mounds of loose stones were piled around 
them; that subsequently many of the monuments were displaced, 
possibly by searchers after treasure. In all likelihood a great many 
will be found in place. To re-examine and re-establish the old line 
would be a task of some magnitude, but need not be a very expensive 
one. It should only be entrusted to persons versed in the higher 
branches of surveying, and acting under joint authority of the 
adjoining States 

To repeat, it seems very necessary that there should be an 
examination of the condition of the boundary marks on Mason's 
and Dixon's line. 

% 



KESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 27 

It would be most economical to combine, under joint State 
authority, with such an examination the replacing of old marks 
where necessary or the substitution of new ones where the old ones 
are in a state of decay. An engineer commission, with power to act, 
of three persons, one representing national and the other two the 
authority of the separate States, would seem to be ample. The result 
of their work could be submitted to the States concerned for legis- 
lative approval. ..... 

I am not prepared to submit an estimate, because much would 
depend on circumstances, that is on the present condition of the 
marks, but should think that $10,000 would cover the cost. • . . 

Respectfully yours, 

Heney S. Pritchett, 

Superintendent. 



The two letters were submitted to His Excellency Lloyd Lowndes, 
then Governor of Maryland, who at once took np correspondence with 
His Excellency Daniel Hastings, Governor of Pennsylvania. In a 
letter which reviewed the correspondence with the Superintendent of 
the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Governor Lowndes said: "I 
would be glad to have your views as to the propriety of submitting 
the matter to the Legislature of your State at its next session with 
a view to the enactment of such legislation as may be deemed neces- 
sary to accomplish the object in view." The following letter was 
received in reply: 



COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 
EXECUTIVE CHAMBER 

Haebisbueg, January 5, 1899. 

To His Excellency, Lloyd Lowndes, 

Governor of Maryland. 

Sib: 

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 31st ult. relating 
to the necessity for the re-location and re-establishment of the 
monuments of the Mason and Dixon line between the States of 
Maryland, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. It will give me pleas- 
ure to co-operate in this matter. 

Very respectfully, 

Daniel H. Hastings. 



28 WOBK OF THE COMMISSION 

Hon. William A. Stone having been shortly after inaugurated 
Governor of Pennsylvania, negotiations were continued with him, 
the State Geologist of Maryland going to Harrisburg as the repre- 
sentative of Governor Lowndes to discuss the matter with Governor 
Stone and the Secretary of Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania under 
whose direction similar co-operative work had been conducted in 
recent years with other States. The following letter was also sent to 
Governor Stone: 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Annapolis, Md., March 15, 1899. 

His Excellency, William A. Stone, 

Governor of Pennsylvania. 
Sib: 

My attention has been called to the necessity for a re-location 
and re-establishment of the boundary monuments of the Mason and 
Dixon's Line between the States of Pennsylvania and Maryland. . 

Professor Wm. Bullock Clark, State Geologist of Maryland, who 
has made a careful study of the question and who has conferred sev- 
eral times with the Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, informs me that $5,000 should be appropriated by each State 
to properly establish the old line. He adds that the re-location is 
really a matter of very great importance to the various land inter- 
ests involved and that he would be very glad to co-operate with the 
representative from Pennsylvania with a view of having the line 
properly established under the joint supervision of the respective 
States and the United States. 

I believe that it is important that the States of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland should co-operate in the re-establishment of the boundary 
monuments of the old Mason and Dixon's Line and I shall be glad to 
recommend to the next session of our General Assembly similar 
action on the part of the State of Maryland as that taken by the 
State of Pennsylvania. 

I am, very respectfully, 

Lloyd Lowndes. 

The Legislature of Pennsylvania shortly thereafter made provision 
for the resurvey of the line in the Appropriation Act relating to the 
Department of Internal Affairs in which it was provided "That Five 
Thousand Dollars of the sum, herein appropriated shall not become 
available for the purpose indicated, unless the State of Maryland 



RESUBVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 29 

shall make an appropriation of a similar amount for the examination, 
repair and resetting of the boundary line monuments along the Mason 
and Dixon line, and the establishment of said line when found 
necessary." This Act was approved May 13, 1899. 

At the succeeding session of the General Assembly of Maryland 
the following Act was passed making provision for the work on behalf 

of the State of Maryland : " ; to the Commissioner on 

behalf of the State of Maryland to re-establish the boundary line 
between the States of Maryland and Pennsylvania the sum of five 
thousand dollars or so much thereof as may be necessary, said moneys 
to be paid upon proper vouchers to be submitted to the Comptroller, 
said Commissioner on behalf of the State of Maryland to be appointed 
by the Governor to co-operate with the Commissioner appointed on 
behalf of the State of Pennsylvania and the Superintendent of the 
TJ. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in re-establishing said line." This 
Act was approved on April 12, 1900. 

On June 6, 1900, His Excellency John Walter Smith, Governor 
of Maryland, appointed Dr. Wm. Bullock Clark, State Geologist, 
Commissioner on behalf of the State of Maryland. 

The first meeting of the Commission was held at the office of the 
Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in Wash- 
ington, D. C, on Tuesday, July lY, 1900, at 9.30 A. M. There were 
present Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast 
and Geodetic Survey, representing the ISTational Government ; Major 
Isaac B. Brown, Deputy Secretary of Internal Affairs of Pennsyl- 
vania, representing the State of Pennsylvania ; and Dr. Wm. Bullock 
Clark, State Geologist of Maryland, representing the State of Mary- 
land. The meeting was organized by the election of Dr. Pritchett as 
chairman and Dr. Clark as secretary. 

It was proposed by the Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and 
Geodetic Survey and accepted by the representatives of the two States 
that the resurvey of the line should be placed in the hands of Capt. 
W. C. Hodgkins of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey who had 
already become familiar with the problems involved through his con- 
nection with the resurvey of the circular boundary between the States 
of Pennsylvania and Delaware. 



30 WOKK OF THE COMMISSION 

It was further proposed by the Superintendent of the U. S. Coast 
and Geodetic Survey and accepted by the representatives of the two 
States, that Captain Hodgkins be detailed during the summer to 
examine carefully into the conditions of the monuments along the 
line and to report to the Commission regarding the same. 

The Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey offered 
to detail Captain Hodgkins as the engineer in charge without any 
expense to the States prior to the actual starting of the survey, and 
subsequent to that time without any charge for his services, the 
States of Maryland and Pennsylvania after the organization of the 
survey to bear the field expenses of the entire party while engaged in 
the actual surveying, together with the per diem compensation of 
such field assistants as might be required and also the cost of the pur- 
chase and placing of the monuments. This offer was accepted. 

It was proposed by Dr. Clark that Captain Hodgkins should pro- 
ceed to Annapolis and Harrisburg and examine the old papers con- 
nected with the original survey and any other official records of the 
States of Maryland and Pennsylvania relating to the boundary. This 
proposition was accepted by the Commission. 

It was also proposed by Dr. Clark and accepted by the Commission 
that Major Brown should draw up an agreement between the several 
parties interested which should be submitted to the Commissioners 
for their inspection, and, if found to be acceptable, should be signed 
by them as representatives of the National and State governments. 
The meeting adjourned subject to the call of the chairman. 

Major Brown prepared the following agreement which was sub- 
mitted to the members of the Commission and signed by them : 

Agreement for the Examination, Repair, Replacing and Erection of 
Monuments on the Boundary Line between the States of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland. 

Whereas, The Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania, approved the 4th day of May, A. D. 1889, empowers and directs 
the Department of Internal Affairs of the said Commonwealth to co-operate 
with the proper authorities in adjoining States in the examination, repair 
and replacing of the boundary line monuments and in the resurvey of the 
boundary line between Pennsylvania and any adjoining State, and in con- 
junction with such authority in adjoining States to procure and erect new 
monuments whenever found nectessary; and. 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



i, 


-v! 


;fj 


1 


m 




KESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 31 

Wheeeas, Under Chapter 745 of the Enactments of 1900 of the General 
Assembly of the State of Maryland, and by virtue of appointment, made on 
the 6th day of June, 1900, by Hon. John Walter Smith, Governor of said 
State, Dr. William B. Clark is given similar power and direction with refer- 
ence to the examination, repair and replacing of the monuments on the 
boundary line between the States of Pennsj'lvania and Maryland, known as 
the Mason and Dixon Line, and is also authorized to co-operate with the 
proper authorities in Pennsylvania in all matters pertaining to the examina- 
tion, repairing and replacing of said monuments, and in the resurvey of said 
boundary line, and in the furnishing and erecting of new monuments when 
necessary; and. 

Whereas, From satisfactory information it has been ascertained that 
several of the monuments located on the line between the States of Penn- 
sylvania and Maryland, known as the Mason and Dixon Line, have been dis- 
placed, others partially mutilated or destroyed, and further, that in some 
of the mountain regions no monuments were ever erected (the line being 
marked only by stone heaps or earth mounds), from which it appears that 
the public interests in both States will be conserved by the examination, 
repair or replacing of the monuments now in position, and by the furnishing 
and erection of new monuments at points where none had ever been erected; 
and, 

Whereas, Under the authority given in the State of Maryland, by the 
law referred to, direction is also given the Commissioner appointed from that 
State to co-operate with the Superintendent of the United States Coast and 
Geodetic Survey in the examination and repair of said monuments and the 
resurvey of said boundary line; and. 

Whereas, A meeting was held in the city of Washington, D. C, on the 
17th day of July, A. D. 1900, at which there were present Dr. H. S. Pritchett, 
Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Dr. William 
B. Clark, representing the State of Maryland, and Major Isaac B. Brown, 
Deputy Secretary of Internal Affairs, representing the State of Pennsylvania, 
at which it was agreed that the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, 
under the direction of its Superintendent, Dr. H. S. Pritchett, should execute 
the work as authorized by the two States hereinbefore referred to; 

Therefore, The undersigned acting in conformity with the authority as 
hereinbefore stated have agreed and by these presents do hereby agree on 
this ninth day of August, A. D. 1900, that the United States Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, under the direction of its Superintendent, Dr. H. S. Pritchett, be 
empowered and is hereby empowered to examine the boundary line monu- 
ments that mark the location of the boundary line between the States of 
Pennsylvania and Maryland, and shall, wherever monuments are found muti- 
lated or displaced, exercise its discretion in the repair and replacing of such 
monuments; and wherever any of the monuments have been removed from 
their proper location and cannot be recovered, or where it shall be found 
that no monuments were ever erected at the points at which it is clear that 
they were intended to be placed by Mason and Dixon, who surveyed and 
established said boundary line, then it is agreed that new monuments shall 



32 WORK OF THE COMMISSION 

be procured and erected at the proper positions; and the necessary authority 
is hereby conferred to make effectual this agreement. 

It Is Further Agreed, That all surveying, expense or work is hereby 
authorized which in the opinion of the Superintendent of the said Coast and 
Geodetic Survey shall be necessary to make effectual the laws of the two 
States in interest, with reference to the erection of monuments in the place 
of those which may have been removed, or in determining the location of 
those to be erected where none have heretofore been erected. 

It Is Further Agreed, That if any of the monuments can now be found 
which were prepared to mark the location of the line, but which were never 
placed in position, all legal means possible shall be employed to secure posses- 
sion of such monuments and have them properly erected instead of procuring 
new ones. 

It Is Further Understood and Agreed, That the duties Imposed by the 
laws herein referred to and conferred under this agreement shall be dis- 
charged as speedily as practicable, or as may be consistant with a proper 
execution of the work provided for. 

It Is Further Understood and Agreed, That all services rendered by the 
Superintendent of the said United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, or by 
those designated under his authority, shall be rendered without cost to either 
of the States that are parties to this agreement; but all necessary expenses 
incurred in prosecuting the work, including commutation of subsistence and 
travelling expenses of the Coast and Geodetic Survey officer engaged on the 
work, or in furnishing necessary materials, shall be borne equally by the 
two States in interest; said expenses to be accounted for in verified vouchers, 
and so far as practicable supplemented by receipted vouchers from parties 
to whom disbursements have been made, and duplicate vouchers furnished, 
one for each State. 

It Is Further Understood and Agreed, That such Assistant Surveyors may 
be employed to act with the representatives of the United States Coast and 
Geodetic Survey as shall be agreed upon by the parties representing the two 
States in interest; their compensation to be agreed upon and borne by the 
two States, respectively. 

It Is Understood and Agreed, That upon the completion of the duties 
imposed by the law authorizing the examination of the boundary line monu- 
ments and the resurvey of the boundary line, the Superintendent of the 
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey shall make, or cause to be made, a 
report in duplicate for the approval of the parties representing the two States 
in interest, and that said report shall embrace the details of all the work 
done upon the said boundary line or its monuments, and inter alia shall show 
the condition of the monuments, fully describe the character and location of 
the new ones, and shall include any other matter that in the opinion of the 
said Superintendent may be of interest to the people of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland. . 

In Testimony Whereof, James W. Latta, Secretary of Internal Affairs of 
Pennsylvania, has hereunto set his hand and caused the seal of said depart- 
ment to be affixed at Harrisbupg on the tenth day of August, A. D., 1900; and 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 33 

the said Dr. William B. Clark, for and on behalf of the State of Maryland, 
under the authority given him, has hereunto set his hand on the eleventh day 
of August, A. D., 1900. 

James W. Latta, 
[seal] Secretary of Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania. 

William B. Claek, 
[seal] Commissioner, State of Maryland. 

OFFICE OF THE U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, 

Washington, D. C, August 13, 1900. 

Under the authority conferred by the act of the Legislature of the State 
of Maryland, and in compliance with the within agreement, made and entered 
into by and between the States of Pennsylvania and Maryland, I, H. S. 
Pritchett, for and in behalf of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, 
hereby agree, on the part of the said survey, to discharge the duties imposed 
by the laws with reference to the boundary line between the States of Penn- 
sylvania and Maryland, and to execute the work skillfully and promptly. 

Henry S. Pritchett, 
Superintendent United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

A second meeting of the Commission was held at the office of the 
Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in Washing- 
ton on Saturday, September 29, 1900, at 10 o'clock A. M. There 
were present Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, Superintendent of the TJ. S. 
Coast and Geodetic Survey; General J. W. Latta, Secretary of 
Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania, representing the State of Penn- 
sylvania ; and Dr. Wm. Bullock Clark, State Geologist of Maryland, 
representing the State of Maryland. Capt. W. C. Hodgkins who had 
been designated by the Superintendent of the TJ. S. Coast and Geo- 
detic Survey to take charge of the survey of the boundary line met 
with the Commissioners and explained to them the needs of the 
work. Authority was given to Captain Hodgkins to proceed at once 
with the survey and to employ such assistants as might be required 
in connection with the work. The meeting adjourned subject to the 
call of the chairman. 

Captain Hodgkins commenced work at once and on !N'ovember 15, 
1900, submitted the following report: 



34 WORK OF THE COMMISSION 

Mabkleysbueg, Pa., November 15, 1900. 
Mr. O. H. Tittmann, 

Acting Superintendent, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 
Sib: 

I beg to submit the following brief statement of the plan for the 
re-location of the Mason and Dixon line and of the progress made up 
to the present time, with the request that you will furnish type- 
written copies to the Commissioners of the two States. 

For the purpose of the present survey, the boundary line between 
Pennsylvania and Maryland is naturally divided into two unequal 
portions, the eastern part being 132 miles in length and the western 
part just about half as long as the eastern; with the town of Hancock, 
Maryland, very near the junction of the two sections. 

The eastern portion of 132 miles was originally marked by stone 
monuments at equal distances of one mile, and though about 20 per 
cent, of these stones have been destroyed or removed, their replace- 
ment will present no special difficulty. 

The western portion of about 66 miles, owing to the great difficulty 
of transportation at that time, in the region traversed by the line, 
was marked by wooden posts cut on the spot and secured in place by 
mounds of earth or stone piles around them. 

These posts have disappeared, but some of the mounds remain, 
although many have been destroyed by cultivation of the ground, by 
building of stone walls over them, by removal for road material, or 
by the erection of new structures. Enough of them, however, can be 
recovered to enable me to locate the old line with considerable 
precision. 

As the mountainous section of this line has at present no perma- 
nent monuments, it seemed desirable to take up and complete the 
survey of this portion as the work will necessarily be more expensive 
than that further east and it will be well to get it out of the way 
first. As soon as I could arrange to take the field, I accordingly 
proceeded to Cumberland, Maryland, and began a hasty examination 
of the country along the boundary, between Wills Creek and the 
northwest corner of Maryland. Having acquainted myself with the 
roads and topographic features, and with the remaining boundary 
marks, I began work near the northwest corner of Maryland and am 
now working eastward. 

The method followed is to range out a random transit line, approxi- 
mately parallel to the boundary line, and only a short distance from 
it, and refer to this line by measured offsets all the marks of the old 
survey which can be found. This random line then becomes a base 
line from which additional points of the boundary may be inter- 
polated at will. So far we have gone over about ten miles of country 
with our preliminary transit line and have reached the crossing of 
the National road. * 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 




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KESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 35 

Since beginning the field work the weather, which before was 
pleasant, has become unfavorable with much rain and snow. It is 
my purpose on that account to close operations for the winter at as 
early a date as practicable to complete the work on this first section. 

During the winter I can find time to determine the conditions on 
the eastern portion of the line and to formulate plans for the work 
in that section. 

The question of the kind of boundary marks to be used has also to 
be considered. From an examination of some of the existing monu- 
ments which have suffered severely from the attacks of vandals, I 
am at present inclined toward the use of cast-iron monuments as 
likely to be more enduring. 

Very respectfully, 

W. C, HODGKINS, 

Assistant. 

The resurvey of tlie boundary occupied the time of Captain Hodg- 
kins and his assistants during portions of 1901-1903, the last monu- 
ment of the line being set in August, 1903, by Mr. R. H. Blain, the 
chief assistant to Captain Hodgkins. It was ultimately decided to 
employ, where the old marks were lost, stone monuments in place of 
iron as suggested by Captain Hodgkins in his preliminary report of 
ITovember 15, 1900. These new monuments were made of magnesian 
marble from the quarry of the Beaver Dam Marble Company of 
Baltimore County. Many of the old monuments were discovered and 
reset. A number which had never been placed in position were found 
in western Washington County where they had been left by Mason 
and Dixon because of the difficulties of transporting them through 
the wilderness to their proper position on the line. Many of these 
unused monuments had become incorporated in buildings and walls 
and were in some instances secured with difficulty. 

The fiftieth mile stone was found in the possession of the Mary- 
land Historical Society in Baltimore to which organization it had 
been presented many years before. In view of the great historical 
interest attaching to this monument the Commission decided not to 
dispute the retention of this stone on consideration of a replica being 
furnished to the State. At the same time the Commission offered 
to the Pennsylvania Historical Society one of the displaced monu- 
ments on similar terms, which was accepted. The Commissioners 



36 WOBK OF THE COMMISSION 

felt that they would be performing a public service by making the 
historical societies of the two States custodians for all time of these 
original monuments. 

The preparation of his report on the results of the survey and the 
drawing of the detailed maps occupied Captain Hodgkins' time at 
intervals during 1904-1906. 

The final meeting of the Commission was held at the oflSce of the 
Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in Wash- 
ington on Friday, January 11, 1907, at 10 A. M. There were pres- 
ent Hon. O. H. Tittmann, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and 
Geodetic Survey, representing the National Government ; Maj. Isaac 
B. Brown, Secretary of Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania, represent- 
ing the State of Pennsylvania; and Dr. Wm. Bullock Clark, State 
Geologist of Maryland, representing the State of Maryland. 

It was proposed by Major Brown that the results of the survey 
made by Captain Hodgkins and his assistants be accepted by the 
Commission. This motion was unanimously adopted. 

It was further proposed by Dr. Clark that authority be given to 
the Secretary to arrange for the preparation of a report for submis- 
sion to the General Assemblies of Maryland and Pennsylvania which 
should be accompanied by chapters covering the proceedings of the 
Commission, the results of the resurvey, including the maps prepared 
by the surveyors, the history of events leading up to the original 
survey, and a bibliography of publications on that subject ; and that 
such a report when finished be submitted to each member of the Com- 
mission for his approval and signature. This was unanimously 
adopted by the Commission. The Commission then adjourned subject 
to the call of the chairman. 

The manuscript of the report having been completed, it was sub- 
mitted on January 25, 1907, to the members of the Commission and 
was approved by them. The preparation and publication of the 
final report, accompanied by an historical account of the controver- 
sies settled by the running of the Mason and Dixon Line and a com- 
prehensive bibliography of the documents and publications relating 
to the subject, were assigned to the editorial supervision of Professor 
Edward B. Mathews, Assistant State Geologist of Maryland. 



PART II 

REPORT OF THE EI^GIISTEER 11^ CHARGE OF THE 

RESURVEY OF THE BOUIs^DARY BETWEEi^ 

MARYLAInTD and PEISTI^TSYLVANIA, 

PART OF THE MASOT^ AND 

DIXON LINE 

BY 

W. C. HODOKINS 



EEPOET OF THE ENGINEER IK CHAEGE OF THE 

EESUEVEY OF THE BOIJNDAEY BETWEEN 

MAEYLAND AND PENNSYLVANIA, 

PAET OF THE MASON AND 

DIXON LINE. 

BY 

W. C.HODGKINS. 



The Original Survey. 

Much has already been written upon the history of the Mason and 
Dixon line and further contributions may be expected in the future. 
The present writer therefore feels compelled to give to that interest- 
ing subject only such brief mention as will satisfy the purposes of 
this report. It will be necessary, however, to consider in some detail 
the methods and results of the survey which established that line. 
For this purpose, frequent reference will be made to the document 
entitled "Field Notes and Astronomical Observations of Charles 
Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. Made by them in their Surveys of the 
Boundary Lines between the Provinces of Pennsylvania, Delaware, 
and Maryland. 1Y63-68. Transcribed from the original autograph 
manuscript of Mason and Dixon, now in the possession of the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania." 

This was printed by the State of Pennsylvania in 188Y* and is a 
mine of information in regard to this celebrated survey. 

In the ^'Historical Account of the Boundary between Pennsylvania 
and Delaware," published as Appendix 8, Eeport of the Superintend- 
ent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey for 1893, there was given a 
summary of the events which led to the employment of Mason and 
Dixon and also of the earlier part of their operations. Some of the 



♦Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs. Boundaries. Harrisburg, 
1887. Text and folio of maps. 



40 KEPOKT OF THE ENGINEER 

following statements in regard to the beginning of their work are 
extracted from that paper, 

Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, employed by the proprietors 
to assist the commissioners of the two provinces in laying out the 
boundary, arrived at Philadelphia on ISTovember 15, 1763. On 
December first the commissioners met at Philadelphia and read the 
articles of agreement between the proprietors and the surveyors. 
They also made the necessary arrangements with the latter for the 
conduct of the work. 

In the journal kept by Mason and Dixon, it is noted that from 
November 16 to December 18 they were occupied in attending on 
the commissioners, unpacking and setting up instruments, building 
an observatory, and waiting for clear nights. They began their 
observations for the latitude of the most southern point of the city of 
Philadelphia on December 19, 1763, and continued them until Jan- 
uary 4, 1764, after which they spent two days in reducing their 
observations and in the computation of the latitude, which they 
made 39° 56' 29".l. Considering that the latitude of their point 
of observation, as nearly as it can be identified, is given on the mod- 
ern charts of the water front of Philadelphia as about 39° 56' 2 6". 6, 
a value differing only two and a half seconds of arc from that 
obtained by Mason and Dixon, it is evident that the work of the latter 
is deserving of high praise. Their observations were made with 
a zenith sector* provided with a micrometer and they were careful 
to reverse the instrument at each station and also to divide the obser- 
vations between north and south stars, in order to eliminate errors, 
as far as possible. 

Under the deed of 1760 between the proprietors, the northern 
boundary of Maryland was to be a parallel of latitude 15 miles south 
of the most southern part of the city of Philadelphia. Having, as 
above described, determined the latitude of that point of departure 
and not finding it practicable, on account of the topographic features 
of the country, to begin direct measurement at that point. Mason 
and Dixon moved to the vicinity of the forks of Brandywine Creek, 

♦This instrument was preserved at Harrisburg until the destruction of the 
State Capitol. At that time it had been taken apart for cleaning and since 
that time only a few of the parts have been recovered. — Ed. 



RESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 41 

about 27 miles to the westward, where they selected a point as nearly 
as possible in the same parallel and again observed for latitude. 

After making the necessary corrections for the difference of lati- 
tude between this and their first station, they determined their 
meridian and opened a line to the southward, through the forest, for 
the measurement of the distance of 15 miles, described in the deed. 
This distance was measured twice, and certain portions of it three 
times, using a 66 foot chain, except on the steep slopes, where wooden 
frames, 16% feet long, called by the surveyors "levels," were 
employed instead. At the southern end of this measured line, in 
ISTewcastle County, Delaware, a third observatory was built and fresh 
observations were made. From these, the latitude of the parallel 
which was to mark the northern boundary of Maryland was computed 
to be 39° 43' 17".6, a value which is again very close to the modern 
determination. The latitude of the northeastern corner of Mary- 
land was found in 1892 to be 39° 43' 19".9. The difference here is 
only 2". 3, but the discrepancy is in the opposite direction to that of 
Philadelphia, making a total discrepancy for the whole interval of 
4". 8, which is still reasonably small. Mason and Dixon's interval is, 
however, too great both in linear and in angular measure. The actual 
interval of 13' 6".Y is about 6.12 chains,* or say 404 feet, more than 
15 miles. Mason and Dixon also found the interval in arc equal to 
13' 11". 5, while 15 miles in that latitude are actually equal to 
13' 2".T. It seems strange that they did not take note of this evident 
discrepancy, especially as they based their computations upon a 
length of a degree of latitude equal to 69% miles, about 1,000 yards 
greater than the true value. 

Having fixed, in the manner above described, a point on the 
parallel of latitude which was to form the northern boundary of 
Maryland, the surveyors left this part of the work and proceeded to 
lay out the line separating the "three lower counties," now the State 
of Delaware, from Maryland. The work at the southern extremity 
of the 15 mile line was resumed in the spring of 1765, but, owing to 
bad weather, it was not until April 4 that Mason and Dixon were able 



*By oversight, this was called 5 chains in the paper on the Delaware 
boundary. 



42 KEPOBT OF THE ENGINEER 

to fix the direction of their trial line to the westward. In regard to 
this they make the following remarks : 

'^Computed the Right Ascension of the Mid-Heaven when the 
stars passed the Azimuth that would intersect the Parallel of 
the Post Mark'd West, at 10' to the Westw'd of the said Par- 
allel Placed 3 Marks about I/2 a mile Westw'd for the 

Direction of the Line, by observations made from 3 different 
Stars; and found the extremes (that is from the l^orthernmost 
to the Southernmost) of the 4 Marks (one being placed the 
20 Inst.,) were distant from each other 18 Inches. 

ISToTE. These observations were made by fixing the Middle 
Wire of the Transit Instrument to the Star at the Instant of 

Time the Star pass'd the Azimuth of our direction April ■ 

5. Began to run the Western Line in the Direction of the mean 
of the 4 Marks." 

This trial line was extended to the westward for a distance of 12 
miles and 25 chains from the "Post mark'd West," so often men- 
tioned by Mason and Dixon, which marked the first point of their 
parallel of latitude. The measurement was made with a Gunter's 
chain, 6Q feet long. At the western end of this measured distance 
the sector was again set up and observations for latitude were made 
as before, though only three stars were observed at this station. The 
result of the computation indicated that this station was too far north. 

Mason and Dixon wrote : "Difference=what we are northward of 

Post marked West =l".29=the Mean of the Obser: which is 

nearly^43 yards^he distance we are Northward of the Post mark'd 
West." 

This difference should have been reckoned as 43^ yards. From 
the value which they obtained the surveyors next computed the offsets 
to the southward from the trial line to the true parallel at each mile 
from the starting point. These offsets are given in Table I. 



EESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



43 



TABLE I. 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"l".29=the Mean of the Obser: which is nearly=43 yar(is=^;he distance 
we are Northward of the Post inarlf'd West. Hence the offsets at every mile 
Post (from the Post marlt'd West, 15 miles So. of the Southernmost Point of 
the City of Philadelphia) are as follows: 



Miles from the Post 


Offsets 


in 


mark'd West 


Feet Chs. 


Lks. 





0= 


00 


1 


12.5= 


19 


2 


30.8= 


m 


3 


45.6= 


69 


4 


59.6= 


90 1 


5 


72.1= 1 


9 


6 


84.6= 1 


28 


7 


95.1= 1 


44 ' 


8 


103.6= 1 


57 


9 


112.1= 1 


70 


10 


119.1= 1 


80i 1 


11 


124.5= 1 


90 


12 


128 0= 1 


94 


Miles Chs. 






12 25 


129.0= 1 


95i 



To be set off to the Southward at 
Rt. Angles from the Line we run." 



A new direction was next computed and was laid off at this station, 
in the same manner as before, to intersect the parallel of latitude at a 
point ten minutes further west. This second trial line was continued 
to the westward until May 12, 1Y65, on which day the sector was 
again set up at the measured distance of 25 miles, Y5 chains, 57 links, 
from the post marked West, or 13 miles, 50 chains, 57 links, from the 
preceding latitude station. Inasmuch as in that latitude ten minutes 
of longitude amount to less than nine miles, it is somewhat singular 
that Mason and Dixon should have laid off distances of twelve or 
thirteen miles as corresponding to that interval. The observations 
at this third latitude station on the parallel indicated that the posi- 
tion was 3",82, or 5.80 chains "ISTorthward of the Parallel of the 
Post mark'd West." (More precisely, 386.5 feet or 5 chains, 85^ 
links.) 



44 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



TABLE II. 
EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DiXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"A Table shewing the proper offsets to be set off to the Southward, at every 
Mile Post, betwixt the place where the Sector stood in East Nottingham, and 
the place where it stood near Sasquehannah : 





Offsets to the South- 




1 ward in Chains and 


Miles from the Post 


Links 


Mark'd West 


1 


1 Chains Links 


12.312 


1 95i 


i 13 


2 26 


14 


2 67i 


15 


3 Oli 


16 


3 36 


17 


3 66 


18 


3 94 


19 


4 261 


20 


4 55 


21 


4 81 


22 


5 08 


23 


5 30 


24 


5 51 


25 


5 66 


■ 25.944 


5 80 



This station was near the eastern bank of the Susquehanna River. 
As before, the corrections from the trial line to the parallel were 
computed and may be found in Table II., extracted from Mason and 
Dixon's notes. Under date of May 19 they note : "Found a New 
Direction as before to intersect the Parallel 10' to the Westward ;" 
and under date of May 27 the following in regard to the river cross- 
ing : "To get the Breadth of the River Sasquehannah, we measured 
the Base (BC) on the West side of the River, and took the Angles 
(B and C) with an Hadley's Quadrant of 18 inches Radius: 

From which Data we computed the Distance between the marks 
(A) on the East sidei of the River and the mark (B) on the West 
Bide of the River, and found it=Y1.28 Chains, from which subtract 
3.60 chains=the Distances of the marks (A)and(B)from the River's 
Edge, and there remains 6Y.68 Chains=the Breadth of the River. 

Miles. Chs. Lka. 

To the East side of the river,= 26 3 93 

add the Breadth of it 67 68 

The Sum= \ 26 71 61 

Is the Distance of the West side of the River from the 
Post Mark'd West." 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



45 



,<p. 



?s. 



V, 



ts 



to. 



Mason and Dixon next retraced their steps 
to the eastward, setting off the corrections from 
their trial line to the parallel, as far as the 
fourth mile post from the post marked West. 
On June 1, 1765, they were at the tangent point 
in the ITewcastle circle and found the direction 
for running a north line from that point by 
observing the transit of the Pole Star and four 
other stars. On June 3, they proceeded to run 
this north line in order to fix the northeastern 
corner of Maryland, by the intersection of the 
north line and the parallel of latitude which 
they had just laid out. 

Under date of June 6, 1Y65, they note: — 
"Continued the N^orth Line to the Parallel of 
Latitude 15 miles South of the South Point of 
the City of Philadelphia From the Tan- 
gent Point to the Parallel is 5 miles, 1 chain, 50 
links. The Meridian from the Tangent Point 
cross'd the Parallel at 2 miles, 79 chains, 27 
links, from the Post where we began to run the 
Parallel, (mark'd West), 

At the Point of Intersection of the Parallel of 
Latitude and the Meridian Line from the Tan- 
gent Point, we placed a Post mark'd W on the 
West side and E" on the South side." 

After placing stone monuments on a portion of the eastern 
boundary of Maryland, the surveyors again set out for the Susque- 
hanna and arrived at Peach Bottom ferry on Saturday, June 22, 
1765. On the following Monday, work was resumed on the western 
extension of the line, the new trial line from the station east of the 
river being produced for 11 miles, 22 chains, and 41 links, where 
Mason and Dixon, on July 3., wrote: ''At 37 miles, 17 chains, 98 
links, we supposed we were in the true Parallel, and chang'd our 
direction to intersect the Parallel at 10" West." 

This new direction was followed for 11 miles, 46 chains, 7 links, 
Itnd a new latitude station was then established. On July 12 Mason 
and Dixoi. wrote: — "Set up the Sector in our Direction at the 



FIG I. 



46 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



Distance of 48 Miles, 64 Chains, 05 Links from the Post mark'd 
West in Mr. Bryan's field, and made the following observations : . . . " 
The observations in question indicated that the station was 0".56 
south of the true parallel. Mason and Dixon took this as equal to 
85 links or 56 feet. A more exact value would have been 86 links 
or 56. Y feet. They computed, as usual, the offsets from their trial 
line, which in this case was in two sections, to the parallel. Their 
results are given in Table III. 



TABLE II : 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1765, July 22. Hence the offsets at every Mile 'Post betwixt this Station 
and where the Sector stood May the 12th, 1765, as follows: 





Offsets 


Miles from ye Post 
mark'd West 








Chains Links 


25.944 


5 80 


26.00 


5 77 


27.00 


5 30 


28.00 


4 82 


29.00 


4 32 


30.00 


3 81 


31.00 


3 29 


32.00 


2 74 


83.00 


2 18 


34.00 


1 60 


35.00 


1 00 


36.00 


39 


37.00 


24 


37.225 


38 


38.00 


36 


39.00 


32 


40.00 


30 


41.00 


30 


42.00 


31 


43.00 


35 


44.00 


39 


45.00 


46 


46.00 


54 


47.00 


64 


48.00 


76 


48,80 


85 



South to the true Parallel. 



So. 

North to ye true Parallel. 



No. 



The notes continue: — "July 23. Packing up the Instruments, 
and changing our Direction so as to hit the true Parallel at the next 
Station. ISTote. — Here we suppose our direction to be changed at 
10' West as usual." 

The direction then obtained was followed for the distance of 11 
miles, Y3 chains, 13 links, when, on July 30, according to the 
record: — *'At 60 miles, 57 chains, 18 links chang'd our direction 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



47 



to hit the true Parallel at 10' West." After measuring 10 miles, 66 
chains, 1 link, further, on this changed course, the record reads: — 
"August 7. Set up the Sector in our Direction, at the distance of 
71 miles, 43 ch., 19 links from the Post mark'd West, and made 

the following observations : " 

These observations, which continued until August 18, gave a result 
indicating that the station was 4". 58 north of the true parallel through 
the starting point. In linear measure, this v\'as taken by Mason and 
Dixon as equal to 458 feet, or 6 chains, 94 links. A more exact value 
would have been 463.4 feet or 7 chains, 2 links. The offsets from 
the trial line to the boundary were, as usual, computed for each mile 
post along the line, between the two stations. They are given in 
Table IV. The notes continue: — 



TABLE IV. 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1765, August 19. 4".58=458 feet=6 chains, 94 links that we are to the 
North of the true parallel. Hence the offsets at every Mile Post to where 
the Sector was set up the 12th of July, as follows: 





Offsets 


Miles from the Post 
mark'd West 








Chains Links 


48.80 


00 85 1 


49.00 


00 75 y 


50.00 


00 33 J 


51.00 


00 10 ) 
00 48 \ 


52.00 


53.00 


00 85 


54.00 


01 22 


55.00 


01 57 


56.00 


01 90 


57.00 


02 21 


58.00 


02 49 


59.00 


02 79 


60.00 


03 07 


60.71 


03 23 


61.00 


03 36 


62.00 


03 77 


63.00 


04 18 


64.00 
"65.66 i 


04 58 


04 95 


66.00 


05 30 


67.00 


05 64 


68.00 


05 96 


69.00 
70 00 


06 27 


06 55 


71.00 


06 81 


71.54 


06 94 



North to the true parallelt 
South to Do. 



Angular point. 



South." 



48 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

"August 20. Changed the direction found on ye 16th so as to be 
in the parallel 10' West, and began to run the line in the s'd direc- 
tion August 26 At 83 miles, 13 chains, 96 links, 

suppos'd to be in the true parallel; we changed our direction to be 
again in the true parallel 10' West." This gave a distance of 11 
miles, 50 chains, 77 links from the preceding latitude station. At 
about the end of August the surveyors crossed the summit of the Blue 
Ridge. After measuring a distance of 11 miles, 49 chains, 14 links 
from the point at which they had last changed their direction, they 
made the following record: — "September 5. Brought the Sector 
to this side of the Mountain. September 6. Set up the Sector in 
our direction at the distance of 94 M, 63 ch, 10 links from the 
Post mark'd West in Mr. Bryan's field, and made the following 
observations : " 

The observations at this station continued until September 17 and 
gave a result indicating that the station was 0".56 south of the true 
parallel. Mason and Dixon considered that interval equal to 85 
links or 56 feet, but a more exact value is 86 links or 56.7 feet. 
The offsets between this and the last station were computed as usual 
and are given in Table V. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



49 



TABLE V. 

EXTRACT FROM IMASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1765, September 18. 0".56=56 feet=85 Links we are to the South of the 
true parallel. Hence the offsets at every Mile Post betwixt this Station and 
where the Sector stood Aug'st the 7th, 1765, as follows: 





Offsets to 


Miles from the Post 


the Parallel 








Chains Links 


71.54 


6 94 


72 


6 69 


73 


6 12 


74 


5 55 


75 


4 96 


76 


4 36 


77 


3 75 


. 78 


3 12 


79 


2 46 


80 


1 78 


81 


1 10 


82 


40 


83 


30 


83.174 


43 


84 


40 


85 


36 


86 


33 


87 


33 


88 


35 


89 


37 


90 


42 


91 


49 


92 


56 


93 


66 


94 


78 


94.789 


85 



South. 



So. 
North. 



North." 



On September 20, Mason and Dixon wrote that they began to run 
the line in a direction which they had found by observations of stars 
on the 9th of the month, "corrected so as to be in the Parallel at 20' 
West, (supposing us to change at every 10' as usual.)" 

On September 26 they wrote: — ''At 105 m. 78 ch. 67 Iks., 
changed our direction as usual." This angular point was 11 miles, 
15 chains, 57 links, from the preceding latitude station. From this 
point the new direction was continued 11 miles, 14 chains, 30 links, 
to the last latitude station of the season^ near the western edge of 
the Cumberland Valley. Under date of October 7, 1765, Mason and 
Dixon wrote : — "Set up the Sector in our Direction at the distance 
of 117 m. 12 ch. 97 1., from the Post mark'd West in Mr. Bryan's 
field, and made the following observations : " 



50 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



The result of the computation gave a greater correction from the 
trial line to the boundary than at any previous station, the discrep- 
ancy in latitude amounting to 8". 47, reckoned by Mason and Dixon 
as equal to 847 feet or 12 chains, 84 links, (more precisely 857 feet 
or 12 chains, 9 8^4 links) to be measured north from the latitude 
station to the boundary. As usual, the offsets were computed for 
each mile post, back to the preceding latitude station. They are 
given in Table VI. 

TABLE VI. 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1765, October 24. 8".47=847 feet=12 chains, 84 links=the distance we are 
to the South of the true parallel. Hence the offset at every Mile Post to 
where the Sector stood the 6th of September, as follows: 





Offsets 


Miles from the Post 
mark'd West 








Chains links 


94.789 


85 


95 


93 


96 


1 38 


97 


1 86 


98 


2 35 


99 


2 86 


100 


3 37 


101 


3 91 


102 


4 47 


103 


5 05 


104 


5 63 


105 


6 23 


105.913 


6 85 


106 


6 79 


107 


7 27 


108 


7 74 


109 


8 23 


110 


8 74 


111 


9 27 


112 


9 81 


113 


10 36 


114 


10 92 


115 


11 49 


116 


12 10 


117 


12 74 


117.162 


12 84 



North to the true Parallel. 



North." 



At this station Mason and Dixon stopped work for the season and, 
after ascending the mountain which lay west of them to get a view 
of the country beyond, re^^urned eastward, marking the offsets as far 
as the Susquehanna. They then set 50 monuments in the eastern 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 51 

boundary of Maryland, after whicli operations were suspended for 
the winter. 

The following extracts from their notes at their last latitude 
station may be found interesting : 

"1765 Computing offsets, &c. Went to Capt. Shelby's to desire 

October 25 j^im ^q g^ y^nii ^g on the North Mountain for to shew us the 
course of the River Potowmack westward. 
26 Pack'd up our Instruments and left them (not in the least 

damaged to our knowledge) at Capt. Shelby's. Repaired with 
Capt. Shelby to the summit of the Mountain, in the direction 
of our line, but the air was so hazy prevented our seeing the 
course of the River. 

" 27 Capt. Shelby again went with us to the summit of the Moun- 

tain (when the air was very clear) and shewed us the North- 
ernmost bend of the River Potowmack at the Conoloways; 
from which we judge the line will pass about two miles to 
the North of the said River. From hence we could see the 
Allegany Mountains for many miles, and judge it by its 
appearance, to be about 50 miles distance, in the direction of 
the line. 

" 28 Set out on our return to the River Sasquehanna, to make 

the offsets from our Visto, to the true parallel." 

Passing now to the field season of 1766, the notes read: 

C. Mason left Annapolis, and proceeded for the North Moun- 
tain to continue the Line. ., • « 

Received our Instructions to proceed with the Line to the 
Allegany Mountain. 
j^pj,jj ]^ Changed the Direction found per stars on the 21st of October 

last, to be in the true Parallel at 10' West. Continued the 
line in the direction so chang'd. . . , 
" 23 At 129 m, 12 chs, 04 lin, chang'd our direction to be again 

in the parallel at 10' West." 

This angular point was 11 miles, Y9 chains, 7 links, from the 
latitude station at which the season's work began. 

The following extracts from the field notes show that the roughness 
of the country was opposing increasing difiiculties to the progress of 
the survey. 

"April 26 Continued the line. At 134 m, 54 ch., the Foot of Sidelong 

Hill. 

Here we could proceed no further with the Waggons, 
At 135 m, 29 ch, the top of Do. 



"1766 




March 


15 


« 


21 



52 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



May 1-2 Got the Sector brought to the east side of Sidelong Hill. 

" 3 Do. brought to the foot of Town Hill on ye East side. 

" 4 Set up the Sector (at Do.) in our Direction at the distance 

of 140 m. 15 ch. 76 links from the Post mark'd West in Mr. 

Bryan's field, and made the following observations: . . . ." 

The observations at this station, which was 11 miles, 3 chains, 72 
links, from the point at which the direction had been changed, 
indicated that the station was 0". 2 0=20 feet=31 links, south of the 
true parallel. The usual offsets, computed by Mason and Dixon, 
are given in Table VII. 



TABLE VIL 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1766, May 16. 0".20=20 feet=31 Links that we are to the South of the 
true parallel. Hence the offsets at every Mile Post to where the Sector stood^ 
the 7th of October last, as follows: 



Miles from the Post 
mark'd West 


Oflfsets to 
the true Parallel 


chaius links 


117.162 
118 
119 
120 


12 84 

11 86 

10 68 

9 53 


121 
122 
123 

124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
129 12 ch. 04 lin. 
130 
131 


8 42 
7 31 
.6 22 • 
5 14 


4 07 
3 02 
1 99 
97 


02 
16 
21 
23 


132 
133 
134 
135 


23* 
23 
20 
16 


136 
137 
13S 
139 
140 
140.197 


11 
05 

03 
14 
27 
31 



North. 



North. 
South. 



South. 
North. 



North," 



EESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 53 

On May 17 a mark was fixed in direction for a new trial line to 
the westward and that line was extended, between the 19th and 27th, 
11 miles, 32 chains, 24 links, to the top of the "great Warrior 
Mountain," where, at a distance of 151 miles, 48 chains, from the 
Post marked West, the direction of the line was changed so as to 
strike the parallel again at 10' West. The mountain so designated 
is now locally known as "Tussey" and where crossed by the boundary 
does not present a very pronounced ridge, though it rises to the 
northward into a considerable summit. 

The new direction was produced to the westward as far as the 
valley west of Little Allegheny Mountain, where another latitude 
station was made, near the present village of Wellersburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, and at this station the western extension of the line stopped 
for the year 1766. The notes read: — 

"1766 Brought the Sector, &c., from the Warrior Mountain to the 
June 6-7-8 foot (on the east side) of Savage Mountain, the second Ridge 
of the Allegany Mountains. 
" 9 Set up the Sector in the Direction of our Line at the dis- 
tance of 165 m, 54 ch, 88 links from the Post mark'd West in 
Mr. Bryan's field, and made the following observations: " 

This station was 14 miles, 6 chains, 88 links, from the point on 
the Warrior (or Tussey) Mountain, at which the direction had been 
changed. The computed result of the observations indicated that 
the station was 2".415 south of the true parallel. Mason and Dixon 
called this equal to 241% feet, or 3.66 chains. A more precise value 
is 24414 feet or 3.70 chains. The offsets for every mile from this 
station to the preceding were computed and are stated in Table VIII. 



54 



KEPOBT OF THE ENGIZSTEER 



TABLE VIII. 
EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1766, June 17. 2".415=24iy2 feet=3.66 chains, that we are to the south 
Of the true parallel. Hence the offsets of every Mile Post to where the Sector 
was set up the 4th May, as follows: 



Miles from the Post 
mark'd West 


True Offsets 


Chains links 


140.197 
141 
142 
143 


31 
33 
38 
43 


144 
145 

146 
147 


51 
61 

73 
86 


148 
149 
150 
151 


1 01 
1 18 
1 36 
1 57 


151, 48 chs. 

152 

153 

154 


1 66 

1 68 
1 72 
1 78 


155 
15 i 
157 
158 


1 86 

1 94 

2 04 
2 16 


159 
160 
161 
162 


2 30 
2 46 
2 63 
2 81 


163 

164 
165 
165.686 


3 03 
3 26 
3 50 
3 66 



North to the true Parallel. 



North." 



Mason and Dixon thus describe their further operations during 
the balance of the season : — 



"1766 



June 



18 



19 



Set a Post (18 inches square; 3 feet in the Ground and 5 
out,) at the distance of 3.66 chains North of the Sector, mark'd 
M on the south side, P on the North side and W on the 
West: — and began to cut a Visto in the true Parallel, or Line 
between Maryland and Pennsylvania, by drawing it thro' 
Points laid off from the Line we have run at every 10 chains. 

Continued the Visto or Line towards the Post mark'd West 
in Mr. Bryan's field. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



55 



Sept. 



25 



27 



<l 


30 


October 


28 


" 


29 



November 



Continued the line to the Intersection of the Meridian from 
the Tangent Point, with the Parallel; which finish'd our 
Instructions. 

N. B. — From any Eminence in the Line, where 15 or 20 
Miles of the Visto can be seen, (of which there are many,) 
the said Line, or Visto, very apparently shews itself to form 
a parallel of Northern Latitude. The Line is measured Hori- 
zontal: the Hills and Mountains with a I6V2 Feet Level. And, 
besides the Mile Posts we have set Posts in the true Line 
(mark'd W on the West side) all along the Line opposite the 
Stationary Points where the Sector and Transit Instruments 
stood. The said Posts stand in the middle of the Visto, which 
in general is about 8 yards wide. The Number of Posts in 
the West Line is 303. 

Rec'd a letter from the Gent'n Commissioners for Pennsyl- 
vania, acquainting us that the next meeting of the Commis- 
sioners for both Provinces is to be held at Christiana Bridge, 
in Newcastle county, the 28th of next Month. 

Discharged all hands. 

At Christiana Bridge. 

One of the Commissioners for Pennsylvania came to Do., 
and acquainted us the Gent'n Commis' were not to meet at 
this time; and that we were to proceed immediately to set 
100 stones, (one at each Mile) in the Lines. . . . 

Thursday the 28th. The stones were all set; which finished 
the Tangent Line. From the Tangent Point to the West Line; 
and 65 Miles of the said West Line, or Boundary between 
Maryland and Pennsylvania, the 64th mile from the beginning 
of the West Line excepted, at which there is no stone. 

One of the Gent'n Commissioners of each Province attended 
this work. 

N. B. — The Stones in the West Line are set 73 Links East- 
ward of the Mile Posts; so that they stand at even miles from 
the North-East end of the Province of Maryland, or the begin- 
ning of the West Line." 



Under instructions from the commissioners, Mason and Dixon 
then extended their parallel of latitude eastward to the Delaware 
River. This was done in order that they might be able to measure 
the distance of five degrees of longitude from the Delaware, which 
formed the charter limit of Pennsylvania to the west. In the spring 
of the following year, 1Y67, arrangements were perfected for the 



56 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



completion of the survey to that limit of longitude, 
thus : — 



The notes read 



"1767 
March 



June 



July 



At Annapolis, where we were inform'd by His Excellency 
26 Horatio Sharpe, Esq'r., that the meeting intended the 24th 
was postponed to the 28th of April next, on account of the 
Commissioners not having received any certain intelligence 
of Sr. Wm. Johnsons having agreed with the Natives for we 
to continue the West Line. 
3 Were inform'd that an agreement was made with the Six 
Nations for us to proceed with the West Line; and that the 
Gent'n Commissioners were to meet at Chester Town on the 
16th instant. 

12 Wrote to the Hon'ble Proprietors of Maryland and Penn- 
sylvania. 

15 Sent seven Men with the Telescope, &c., of the Sector to the 
Allegany Mountain, where we left off last year. 

17 Attended the Grent'n Commiss'rs at Chester Town. 

18 Attended Do., and received our Instructions to proceed with 
the West Line to the end of 5° of Longitude from the River 
Delaware. 

7 The Waggons arrived at Fort Cumberland with the Instru- 
ments, Tents, &c. 

8 At the Allegany Mountain, where we left off last summer. 
10 Placed a Mark Eastward in a Direction from the Post we 

left off at in the true Parallel, to be again in the true parallel 
at 10' West. 

13 Began in the true Parallel, and continued the line westward 
in the above mention'd Direction. 

14 Continued the line. At 168 miles, 78 chains, the Top of the 
great dividing Ridge of the Allegany Mountains." [Savage 
Mountain.] 

16 Continued the line. This Day we were joyn'd by 14 Indians 
deputed by the Chiefs of the Six Nations to go with us on the 
Line. With them came Mr. Hugh Crawford, Interpreter, 

25 Continued the line. At 177 miles, 4 chains, 45 links, 

changed the Direction to be again in the true Parallel at 10' 
West." 



This angular point was 11 miles, 29 chains, 57 links, from the 
starting point. 

August 6 Continued the line. At 188 miles, 41 chains, 65 links, 

changed the Direction to be in the true Parallel at 10' West." 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 57 

This angular point was 11 miles, 37 chains, 20 links, from the 
preceding one. 

Only in this instance did Mason and Dixon run three chords 
between latitude stations. 

An interesting connection with the history of the then recent 
"French and Indian War" is given in the following entry : 

"1767 
August 7 ■ Continued the line in the direction changed. At 189 m, 
57 ch., the Top of Winding Hill. At 189 m, 69 ch., cross'd 
General Bradock's Road leading from Fort Cumberland to Fort 
Pit. At 190 m, 1 ch., cross'd Do., a 2d time." 

On August 11 the surveyors reached the east bank of the 
Youghiogheny River, at the distance of 194 miles, 25 chains, 25 
links, from the "Post mark'd West." On August 16 they noted: 
*^Sent for the Sector from Mr. Spear's, at the crossing of the Yochio 
Geni, on Gen'l Bradock's road." Under date of August 17 is 
written : — "Set up the Sector in the Direction of our Line, at the 
distance of 199 miles, 63 chains, 68 links from the Post mark'd West 

in Mr. Bryan's field, and made the following observations : " 

This station was 11 miles, 22 chains, 3 links, from the preceding 
angular point. The result of these observations indicated that the 
latitude station was 9". 9 north of the true parallel, the greatest 
difference found in the course of this work. Mason and Dixon took 
this as equal to 990 feet, or 15 chains, to be laid off to the southward 
from their latitude station to the boundary. With our present 
information, this would be reckoned as 1001.7 feet, or 15.18 chains, 
nearly. As usual, the offsets were computed for each mile between 
this station and the preceding. These are given in Table IX. A 



58 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



TABLE IX. 
EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1767, August 24. Mean=9".9=15 chains, 00 links to be laid off to the 
southward. Hence the offsets at every Mile Post to where we began at the 
Allegany Mountain, as follows: 





Offsets 


South 


Miles from ye Post 
mark'd West 










1 


Chains 


links 


i65.68 





00 


166 





16 


167 


1 


68 


168 


1 1 


18 


169 


1 1 


69 


170 


1 2 


15 


171 


2 


61 


172 


3 


03 


173 


i 3 


48 


174 


3 


88 


175 


4 


26 


176 


4 


64 


177 


5 


00 


178 


5 


48 


179 


1 6 


00 


180 


1 6 


49 


181 


6 


96 


182 


7 


41 


183 


/ 


88 


184 


8 


32 


185 


8 


75 


186 


9 


16 


187 


9 


55 


188 


9 


87 


189 


10 


30 


190 


10 


83 


191 


11 


34 


192 


11 
12 


29 


1W3 


194 


12 


73 


195 


13 


16 


196 


13 


58 


197 


13 


98 


198 


14 


36 


199 


14 


71 


199.78 


15 


00 



Sector." 



note reads : — "At this Station, Mr. Jno. Green, one of the Chiefs 
of the Mohock IJ^Tation, and his ]^ephew, left us, in order to return 
to their own country." 

Leaving a party of axemen to open a line eastward in the true 
parallel. Mason and Dixon continued westward. On September 4, 



EESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 59 

after measuring 11 miles, 29 chains, 60 links, in their new direction, 
at a point 211 miles, 13 chains, 28 links, from the "Post mark'd 
West," they changed the direction to be again in the true parallel at 
10' west. 

On the 19th of September they wrote: — "Set up the Sector in 
the Direction of our Line at the Distance of 222 miles, 24 chains, 12 
links from the Post mark'd West in Mr. Bryan's field, and made the 
following observations : 

This point is the Top of a very high, steep Bank, at the foot of 
which is the Eiver Manaungahela." 

This latitude station was 11 miles, 10 chains, 84 links, from the 
preceding angular point of the trial line. 

The computation indicated that the station was 3". 5 7 south of the 
true parallel, an interval which Mason and Dixon took to be equal 
to 357 feet, or 5.41 chains. A more accurate value would be 361.2 
feet, or 5.47 chains. 

Offsets to be measured to the northward at each mile post between 
this and the preceding station were computed as usual and may be 
found in Table X. 



60 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



TABLE X. 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1767, September 27. Meaii=3".57=5 chains, 41 links, that we are to the 
South of the True Parallel. Hence the offsets at every Mile Post to where 
the Sector was set up on the 17th of August, as follows: 



Miles from ye Post 


Offsets, 


North 


mark'd West in 
1 Mr. Bryan's field 






Chains 


Links 


199.79 





00 


200 





03 


201 





17 


202 





34 


203 





45 


204 





76 


205 





99 


206 


1 


23 


207 


1 


47 


208 


1 


73 


209 


2 


02 


210 


2 


33 


211 


2 


67 


212 


2 


87 


213 


H 


03 


214 


3 


21 


215 


3 


42 


216 


3 


64 


217 


3 


87 


218 i 


4 


11 


219 


4 


37 


220 


4 


65 


121 


4 


95 


222 


5 


29 


222.30 


5 


41 



Sector." 



Moving their instrument north to the boundary, Mason and Dixon 
started a new trial line to the westward. As they progressed further 
into the wilderness, inhabited, for the most part, only by roaming 
Indians, their difSculties increased; as is shown by the following 
entries in their journal : 



"1767 
Sept. 



October 



29 



Twenty-six of our Men left us. They would not pass the 
River for fear of the Shawanes and Delaware Indians. But 
we prevailed upon 15 Ax Men to proceed with us; and with 
them we continued the Line Westward. 

Continued the line. Sent to Fort Cumberland for more 
Hands. 

Continued the line. We have now our usual complement 
of Hands. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



61 



October 9 Continued the line to a high Ridge. At 231.20, cross'd a 

War Path. 231.71, cross'd Dunkard Creek. 232.43, cross'd 
Do., a second time. 232.74 cross'd Do., a third time. 

This day the Chief of the Indians which joyn'd us the 16th 
of July, inform'd us that the above mention'd War Path, was 
the extent of his commission from the Chiefs of the Six 
Nations that he should go with us with the Line, and that he 
would not proceed one step farther. 

" 10 The Indians still persisting that they will not go any farther 

Westward with the Line; we sent for the Sector which was 
left at the Manaungahela. 

» 11 Set up the Sector in the Direction of the Line at the Dis- 

tance of 233 miles, 13 chains, 68 links from the Post mark'd 
West in Mr. Bryan's field, and made the following observations: 



This station was 10 miles, 69 chains, 56 links, from the preceding 
and the result of the observations indicated that it was 2". 2 3 south of 
the parallel. This interval Mason and Dixon took as equal to 223 
feet, or 3 chains, 38 links, (225.6 feet or 3 chains, 42 links, would 
be a more precise equivalent) and from it computed, as usual, the 
offsets from the trial line to the boundary at each mile post between 
this and the preceding station. These offsets are given in Table XL 



TABLE XL 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1767, October 18. Mean^2".23^3 chains, 38 links, that we are to the 
South of the True Parallel; Hence the Offsets at every Mile Post to the 
Manaungahela, as follows: 



Miles from ye Post 
mark'd West 


Offsets, 


North 


Chains 


Links 


222.30 





00 


223 





15 


224 





38 


225 







63 

90 


226 


227 


1 


19 


228 1 


1 


50 


229 1 

230 1 


1 


81 


«> 


14 


231 


2 


48 


232 


2 


85 


233 


3 


34 


233.171 [ 


3 


38 



Sector. 



62 BEPOKT OF THE ENGINEER 

The following was noted in regard to the last station : — "Note. — 
The Sector stood on the Top of a very lofty Eidge; but when the 
offset of 3 ch, 38 links was made it fell a little Eastward of the Top 
of the Eidge. We therefore extended the True Parallel 3 chains, 80 
links Westward, which fell on the Top of the said Eidge. There, at 
233 Miles, 17 Chains, 48 Links, from the Post mark'd West, in Mr. 
Bryan's field, we set up a Post mark'd W, on the West side, and 
heaped round it Earth &c., three yards and a half Diameter at 
Bottom, and five feet High — the heap nearly conical. 

This Post is 230 Miles, 18 Chains, 21 Links from the beginning 
of the West Line." (That is, from the northeastern corner of 
Maryland.) 

This point was the western end of the line rim by Mason and 
Dixon and it was not until 1Y84 that the southern boundary of 
Pennsylvania was completed to the limit of five degrees of longitude 
from the Eiver Delaware. This work was done under the direction 
of commissioners representing Pennsylvania and Virginia. The 
determination of the difference of longitude was effected by observa- 
tions of eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter, made at each end of the 
line. The result was surprisingly accurate, for the time. 

The southwestern corner of Pennsylvania having been fixed by 
astronomical observations, the commissioners then extended Mason 
and Dixon's line to that corner from the point at which the work had 
been stopped by the Indians in 1Y67. This new work was checked 
by observations for latitude at several intermediate points and when 
examined in 1883 the line was found to have a very uniform curva- 
ture. After having been turned back by the Indians, Mason and 
Dixon began on the 20th of October, 1767, to open the line or 
"Visto," as they called it, to the eastward. This work was completed 
on November 5, on which day they made the following note : — 

''Continued the line to the Post standing at 199 m, 63 ch, 68 Iks, 
(our first Station) which finish'd. There is now one continued 
Visto (8 or 9 yards wide) open in the True Parallel from the inter- 
section of the ISTorth Line from the Tangent Point with the Parallel, 
to the Eidge we left off at on the 9th of October last. Mr. Hugh 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 63 

Crawford with the Indians and all Hands, except 13 kept to erect 
Marks in the Line, left ns in order to return Home." 

Mason and Dixon continued to work eastward, erecting marks in 
the line, these marks being mounds of earth or stones, heaped around 
the wooden posts which marked the line. Owing to the difficulty of 
transportation, no cut stone monuments were set west of the eastern 
base of Sideling Hill. In addition to building mounds around the 
mile posts, Mason and Dixon also put in extra mounds upon the 
summits of the principal ridges which were crossed by the line ; and 
it was fortunate that they did so, as these mounds, being in more 
favorable situations than many of the mile mounds, have almost all 
been preserved to the present day, while very many of the others 
have been destroyed. 

The rapidly advancing season caused Mason and Dixon much 
inconvenience. Snow fell on ISTovember 12, 13 and 18. On JSTovem- 
ber 19 they made this note: — ''Continued erecting Marks in the 
Line. Snow 12 or 14 inches deep; made a pile of Stones on the Top 
of Savage, or the great dividing Kidge of the Allegany Mountains. 

Wote. — West of this Mountain to ye End of ye Line, the Mile 
Posts are 5 feet in length, 12 inches square & set two feet in the 
Ground ; and round them are heap'd Earth or Stone, 8 feet Diameter 
at bottom & 21/2 feet high." 

On the following day they noted : — "The Weather being so bad 
our Hands would not proceed on their work." On ISTovember 21 ; 
"Seven of our Hands left us." On ISTovember 22 ; "The above 
Desertion of our Hands prevents us from making Heaps round the 
Mile Posts as before. Proceeded in to Wills Creek Valley." In 
spite of the adverse conditions, the surveyors continued their work 
as best they might. On l^ovember 23, they wrote: — "Continued 
erecting Marks on the Tops of the Mountains. Got more Hands." 

They persevered in this way until ]S[ovember 28, when they 
wrote : — "Marks are now set on the Tops of all the High Ridges 
& Mountains, to the Top of Sidelong Hill, and the Stones to the East 
side of Do." On the following day they discharged most of their 
hands and added the following note : 



64 



REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



''Wote. — The Mile Posts between the Top of Savage Mountain 
and the End of the Line have Heaps of Earth or Stone round them 
(as observed in minute of the 19th of ISTov'r) of Eight feet Diameter 
at bottom and 21/2 feet High. 

At the following Points in the Line, being the Tops of High 
Ridges & Mountains, are set Posts about 12 inches square, mark'd 
W, on the West side, and round them Heaps of Earth or Piles of 
Stone, three yards and a half Diameter at bottom, and five feet 
High; none less, but many four yards Diameter & six or seven feet 
High: " 

TABLE XII. 

EXTRACT FROM MASON AND DIXON'S FIELD NOTES. 

"1767, November 30. At the following Points in the Line, being the Tops 
of High Ridges & Mountains, are set Posts about 12 inches square, mark'd 
W, on the West side, and round them Heaps of Earth or Piles of Stone, three 
yards and a half Diameter at bottom, and five feet High; none less, but many 
four yards Diameter & six or seven feet High: 



Miles from the Post 


mark'd West in Mr. 


Bryan's 


Field 


M. 


Chains 


135 


29 


137 


11 


140 


54 


143 


14 


146 


52 


149 


17 


151 


47 


153 


22 


155 


32 


157 


63 


159 


71 


163 


59 


168 


76 


172 


27 


173 


75 


176 


46 


178 


53 


182 


19 


184 


17 


185 


45 


186 


63 


187 


50 


190 


12 


193 


25 



The Top of Sidelong Hill. 
The Top of Town Hill. 

The Top of the Ragged Mountain. 

The Little Warrior Mountain. 

The Great Do. 

Flintstone Mountain. 

Evits Mountain. 

The Nobbley Mountain. 

Wills Creek Mountain. 

The Little Allegany Mountain. ■- 

The Top of the Allegany Mountain. 

The Top of the Little Meadow Mountain. 
The Top of the Little Laurel Hill. 



The Top of Winding Hill. 



RESTTRVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



65 



Miles from the Post 


mark'd West in Mr. 


Bryan's 


Field. 


M. 


Chains 


196 


20 


198 


63 


199 


63 


202 


44 


205 


16 


207 


45 


209 


19 


210 


60 


212 


26 


214 


12 


217 


58 


218 


67 


220 


51 


222 


24 


223 


12 


226 


40 


227 


57 


228 


64 


229 


75 


230 


77 


233 


17 



On Laurel Hill. 



The Top of Highest Ridge on Do. 



The Top of the; Westernmost Ridge to 
- which the Line is extended. 

Some of these Mountains not being at Right Angles to the Line 1st run, 
causes these points to be something different in Distance from the Post 
mark'd West, from what is laid down before the Line was corrected by offsets. 

f M. Ch. 

I 168.76, there is an extensive view Eastw'd & Westw'd. 
From the Points^ 214.12 the Line may be seen to Winding Hill, Eastw'd, and 

I to the end Westw'd. From these Points the curvature 

t of the Line appears very regular. 

Cha: Mason, 
Jeee: DixoN." 



The list referred to may be found in Table XII. Mason and 
Dixon continue : — ^'The Stones are extended from (the 65th Mile) 
where they ended last year to 132 Miles from the Beginning of the 
West Line. They are all set in the same manner as described in 
minute of the 21st of ISTovember, 1Y66 ; and are all at their proper 
places except the Y7th and the 117th. 

The place of the YTth falling in Marsh Creek, it is set 125 yards 
East of its true place. 

The place of the 117th falling on a great stone, it is set five yards 
East. The 64th Mile, which was left last year, is also set." 



66 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

Ou December 4, 1767, Mason and Dixon sent messages to the 
commissioners to inform them that they should be in Philadelphia 
on the 15th of that month. On the 11th, they were informed that 
the commissioners were to meet on the 23rd, at Christiana Bridge. 
The surveyors were in attendance at that place on the 24th, 25th, and 
26th. On the last day they received instructions to draw a Plan of 
the Boundary Lines between the Provinces of Maryland and Penn- 
sylvania. The last entry in the note book, dated January 29, 1768, 
reads : — "Delivered to the Kev'd Rich'd Peters plans of the above 
mention'd Lines." Below that entry are the signatures, Cha: Mason 
Jere: Dixon, written twice; over the date lines, Dec. 7, 1763, and 
Jan. 29, 1768. 

This ended the connection of Mason and Dixon with this boundary. 
The extension of their line to the westward in 1784 has already been 
mentioned. 

The stone monuments placed by Mason and Dixon on the eastern 
boundary of Maryland, and on the northern boundary as far as 
Sideling Hill, were cut in England from the oolitic limestone so 
extensively used there for building and are extremely characteristic, 
no stone of a similar nature being found anywhere along the 
boundary. The usual dimensions of the monuments are as follows : 
length, three and a half to five feet, though rarely much more than 
four; cross section, a square with a side of one foot; top, a rather 
flat pyramid. Four-fifths of them were marked with the letters M 
and P, on opposite sides, and the remainder with the arms of the 
proprietors, in place of these letters. These latter, commonly called 
"crown stones," along the line, were placed at every fifth mile on the 
boundary, counting from the starting points of the east and north 
boundaries of Maryland, respectively. Thus, on the boundary 
between Pennsylvania and Maryland, these stones are 5, 10, 15, &c, 
miles west of the corner or Initial Monument, which would count as 
zero in that series. 

Although it would appear that there has been no general resurvey 
of this boundary from the time of Mason and Dixon to the present 
work, circumstances conspired to keep this boundary very much 
before the public and it is likely that it has excited more interest 



EESTJRVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 67 

than any other line ever laid down in this country. It has been 
mentioned that when the line was extended, in 1784, to the western 
limit of Pennsylvania, Virginia joined in the work, instead of 
Maryland. 

When Mason and Dixon made their survey, nothing was known 
in regard to the location of the western boundary of Maryland, which 
was described in the original charter of King Charles I. to Lord 
Baltimore, in 1632, as "the true meridian of the first fountain of 
the River Pattowmack," and they apparently made no investigation 
in reference to this limit, but continued the west line until stopped 
by the Indians, thus unwittingly running more than thirty miles 
beyond the northwest corner of Maryland, whose proprietor was 
paying half the cost of that very expensive survey. More recent 
political changes have transferred that part of Virginia to the new 
State of West Virginia. The boundary between that State and 
Pennsylvania was resurveyed and re-marked in the years 1883 and 
1885. 



68 EEPOET OF THE ENGINEER 



The Resuevey. 

The boundary line laid out and marked as described in the fore- 
going sketch remained undisturbed for many years. In course of 
time, however, as the country became settled and as the original forest 
was cleared away, the plainly visible evidence of the position of the 
boundary afforded by the "Visto (8 or 9 yards wide)" which had 
been opened by Mason and Dixon gradually disappeared. In some 
districts its place was in a measure supplied by the straggling rail 
fences of the settlers, while elsewhere the monuments or mounds were 
the only visible marks. Many of the mounds which took the place 
of monuments from Sideling Hill westward were sooner or later 
obliterated. They were probably hastily constructed, often of earth 
only, and many of them stood upon steep slopes where they were 
peculiarly exposed to damage by erosion. Some, situated in arable 
land, were gradually destroyed by continued cultivation, while others 
were actually removed by ignorant or malevolent persons. Even 
when they escaped these various chances of injury, they were fre- 
quently so hidden by undergrowth or by accimaulations of fallen 
timber as to easily escape notice, while the varying distances between 
those situated on the hill tops led some persons to cast doubts upon 
their authenticity, because they were not at the even miles. 

With regard to the monuments of cut stone which were placed at 
intervals of one mile along the line, eastward of Sideling Hill, it 
might be supposed that these at least would prove to be permanent 
marks. In point of fact, however, they fared little better than the 
mounds. As with the latter, some stood on steep hill sides from 
which they were washed by the rains, some in swamps where they 
became buried, some were broken by the frost or other natural 
agencies, some were deliberately injured or destroyed by ignorant 
farmers who seemed to feel a serious injury from the loss of the 
products of the little space of land occupied by them, and some were 
badly damaged, in a few cases even removed entire, by relic hunters. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 69 

With all of these agencies of destruction at work, it is not surpris- 
ing that the actual location of the boundary became in many places 
uncertain. Where the nearest authentic monuments were perhaps 
several miles apart, it was very difficult for the inhabitants to pre- 
serve the true course of the line. In such cases the monuments were 
rarely intervisible and even if that were the case the curvature in the 
parallel of latitude would cause the boundary to differ from the chord 
joining the two monuments. Another source of confusion to farmers 
and to local surveyors, who sometimes attempted to restore portions 
of the old line, was the common belief that the boundary was a 
straight line and that it everywhere ran due east and west. The first 
of these conditions is incompatible with the second, as a straight line 
starting east or west from a given point will constantly diverge to 
the southward from the parallel of latitude passing through the start- 
ing point. The second condition would be true if the line had origin- 
ally been laid down with absolute accuracy. But, owing to the vary- 
ing density of the earth and to unavoidable defects of instruments 
and errors of observations, some parts of the line are too far north 
and other parts too far south, relatively to the parallel of latitude 
which would form the theoretical mean curve for the whole extent of 
the line. This being the case, many parts of the boundary neces- 
sarily vary from the east and west direction and in any such case an 
attempt to lay out the boundary due east and west will result in a 
serious discrepancy, as soon as such a new line reaches the vicinity of 
a known monument. The only feasible method in such cases is to 
accept the line as it exists, no matter what its deviation from the 
theoretical course and to interpolate intermediate points, when 
needed, with due regard to the existing monuments and to the original 
curvature of the line. 

Although there have, no doubt, been numerous local resurveys of 
portions of this boundary, for special purposes, it is believed that no 
general resurvey was authorized by the States of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland previous to the year 1900, An act of the General Assembly 
of Pennsylvania, approved May 4, 1889, gives general authority to 
the Department of Internal Affairs of that State to co-operate with 
any adjoining State, when necessary, in the resurvey and re-marking 



70 KEPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

of their common boundary lines. Chapter 745 of the enactments of 
1900 of the General Assembly of Maryland authorized such action, 
in conjunction with Pennsylvania, with regard to so much of the 
Mason and Dixon line as forms the boundary between the two States. 

This Maryland enactment contained a provision looking toward 
the securing of the co-operation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey of 
the United States in the execution of the work. This suggestion hav- 
ing met the approval of the Pennsylvania authorities and of the 
Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, an agreement to 
that effect was drawn up and signed at Washington, on August 10, 
1900, by General James W. Latta, Secretary of Internal Affairs of 
Pennsylvania, Dr. William B. Clark, State Geologist and Commis- 
sioner for Maryland, and Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, Superintendent of 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

It was not found practicable to assign at once an officer to that 
duty, but this was done as soon as possible and a conference was then 
held at the office of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in Washington, on 
September 29, 1900, at which the engineer placed in charge of the 
work learned the views of the commissioners and at which a general 
plan of operations was decided upon. Preliminary work w^as begun 
in the latter part of October, 1900, and was continued for about two 
months until the severity of the weather compelled a cessation of 
operations until the following spring, after which time it was con- 
tinued with few interruptions. 

In the prosecution of the resurvey the following purposes were kept 
constantly in view : 

1) To reproduce the Avork of Mason and Dixon with the greatest 

possible precision, carefully avoiding any suggestion of a new 
or corrected line; 

2) To preserve carefully all of the original monuments which were 

suitable for use on the line ; 

3) To secure and place on the line as many as possible of the monu- 

ments which had been taken from it or which had never 
reached it. 

These last words may require some explanation. It was found 
that in Washington County, Maryland, a considerable number of 



RESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 71 

these characteristic monuments, which had been sent from England 
for use on the boundary, had been utilized as doorsteps, horseblocks, 
etc., at various farmhouses. Some persons were of the opinion that 
all of these had been removed from their places on the line. That 
supposition may have been true in a very few instances, but it seems 
more probable that these monuments had been brought thus far on 
their way to the western part of the boundary and that when the 
placing of stone monuments had to be stopped at Sideling Hill, as 
mentioned by Mason and Dixon, on account of the impossibility of 
taking wagons further, these stones were left at the point which they 
happened to have reached. There were probably more of them than 
now exists, as there is evidence that some were cut into smaller 
pieces for building purposes and the number so destroyed may have 
been considerable. 

Most of the monuments which were found under such circum- 
stances were secured and were used to fill gaps in the old series. Six, 
which were built into the walls of houses and barns, could not be 
recovered. Photographs of these were obtained, as well as of a small 
church edifice on the Baltimore and Cumberland turnpike, in which 
two of the old "crown stones" were in use as doorsteps. These were 
secured, being replaced by ordinary stone. 

The operations of this survey may be divided as follows : 

1) To identify and when necessary to repair and reset the existing 

monuments ; 

2) To fix the positions of monuments which had been lost or 

destroyed and to replace them by others ; 

3 ) To place monuments at desirable places not previously marked ; 

4) To make a topographic sketch map of the immediate vicinity of 

the boundary in order to show the relation of the latter to 
neighboring objects, such as buildings, fences, roads, etc., for 
purposes of local identification. 

As far as it was practicable to do so, these operations were carried 
on simultaneously, or nearly so, to avoid the necessity of going over 
the ground several times. It was found that few of the original stone 
monuments were erect and in really good condition. Most of them 



72 EEPOBT OF THE ENGINEEE 

were chipped, often very badly, many were broken, a considerable 
number had disappeared, others were out of the ground, and nearly 
all that were still standing were more or less out of plumb. It was 
therefore thought best to secure all of these old monuments in their 
places by giving them an enlarged base of concrete. The exact posi- 
tion of the monument being secured by guide stakes on each side, the 
monument was temporarily removed and a hole three feet square was 
dug to the same depth. A layer of stones and cement having been 
placed in the bottom, the monument was put in its proper position 
and its verticality was tested by a level. The space around it was 
then filled with a mixture of broken stone, sand, and cement, well 
rammed down and finished at the top with a coating of nearly pure 
cement. Each of these monuments, therefore, has a base beneath the 
surface equivalent to about a cubic yard of solid masonry, instead of 
the insecure hold afforded by a few in dies of its own length in the 
soft ground. In cases where a mo-.ument had been broken across, but 
was otherwise in good condition, it was mended by iron clamps and 
bands, the latter being shrunken on to insure a firm hold and being 
subsequently imbedded in the concrete base to preserve the iron from 
the influence of moisture. Many of the monuments which were still 
standing were found to have but slight foothold in the ground and 
nearly all of them were set lower than before, for the double purpose 
of making them more steady and of lessening the chance of their 
being broken off above the base, as had sometimes happened in the 
past. 

In the western part of the line, where such monuments were 
entirely lacking, it was necessary to supply them. In general shape 
the new posts are much like the old ones. The material is white 
marble from the quarries at Cockeysville, Maryland. This is a com- 
pact and fine grained stone, technically described as a saccharoidal 
dolomite or magnesian limestone. The pure white tint is sometimes 
varied by dusky streaks of bluish gray. This stone was favorably 
commended in regard to durability by the State Geologist of Mary- 
land afld could be obtained at a small price than any other satis- 
factory stone. These posts are four feet, six inches long, and ten 
inches square, terminating in a flat pyramid. Like the old menu- 



EBSUEVET OF ilASOIv-DIXOH LIKE ( -j 

mente, they have the letters P. and 3iL upon their north and south 
faces respectively. In addition, they have the year of the original 
survey (1766 or 1767) upon the east face and the year in which they 
were set on the line (1902) upon the west face- 
It has been mentioned that these p(^ts are ten inches on the side, 
a reduction of two inches from the size of the old monuments. This 
reduction was made chiefly for the purpose of increased portability, 
though there was also some saving in cost thereby. Though the facil- 
ities for transportation in the mountainous country west of Hancock 
are vastly superior to Xhoee enjoyed by Mason and Dixon, there are 
still many parts of the line which are difficult of access by road. 
After leaving the roads, the monuments had often to be hauled for 
long distances along rou^ forest trails and up steep mountain sides. 
The reduction of two inches in the breadth of the face of a monument 
effected a Eaviiig of more than 30 per cent, of its weight, without 
making it so small as to affect its permanence or proper appearance. 
These new monuments, being solid and in good condition, were not 
set in concrete bases, on account of the great additional expense which 
would have been caused by so doing. They were, however, very care- 
fully set. broken stones and earth in thin alternate layers being well 
riling . ^ around them to make them as secure as practicable- 
T:i^:: - ^.laeed not le^ than three fe^ below the surface. 

:r\-.\ i.~ riToek before reaching that depth, which rarelj 

i;^^ rl 1:1 . :n to these 'T. and M." stones, two "crown 
stones" of the ~l::e :: ere received in esehange for two of 

the ancier.: m.r :n^: r were given, by authority of the Com- 

rr:i^T::r.=^r^ :. M: ?r . ;. \ r:.'-'-. ':^ ^.''^—'and and Pennsylvania 
f.: :^-^: ; :.. ' i: : ; .ew monumentu were 

r:.;:^ a: : .^ ::^: i: -.l.'-. ^-.ense of the societies. The monumCT* 
" .1 : : : 7:: ; ly marked the end of the fiftieth 

-xl:!.--. . . '.--. ■■-::: -_^. c. ^ ^, ,-_ near the village of IN'ew Freedom, 
Pe:i^- L ii-ii - :iie Z^onliem Central Kailway. On account of an 
r£^ - 7i made in the oonstmction of a road along the line at that 

:. left the rnxmnnobait on the slope of a caving b^ik, the 

. 1 ^ : . 1 : ;:. it? place some years ago and was snhseqpDently rCTioved 
T a : r: :^-: .f .Le vicinity, who kept it for a considerable time on 



74 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

his farm and later sent it to Baltimore, where it came into the pos- 
session of the Historical Society of Maryland. When the resurvey 
of the line "was taken np and the monument was needed for use 
thereon, the society offered to furnish an exact facsimile in marble, 
if allowed to retain the original. As previously stated, this request 
was approved by the Coimnissioners, with the proviso that the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania should be permitted to make a 
similar exchange. The monument now in the possession of the latter 
society, under this agreement, formerly marked the end of the one 
hundred and fifteenth mile on the west line. This point is on the 
"North ]\[ountain." about two miles east of its highest point. The 
monument Avas removed from its place, in the year IS 76, by the 
owner of tlie land on which it stood and was sent to Baltimore, where 
it remained for a quarter of a century, in the cellar of an old building 
on Cheapside. By a somewhat singular chain of circumstances it 
was possible to trace and recover tliis monument. As it was in a very 
excellent state of preservation it was well suited for a place in the 
rooms of the Pennsylvania society. 

Of these two monuments, furnished by the societies mentioned, that 
from the Maryland society was returned to the place in which its 
original had stood, or rather to the nearest suitable spot, the summit 
of the hill a little east of the old point. But the place of the hundred 
and fifteenth mile post had been filled by an old cro^^'n stone from 
the source of supply in Washington Coimty, conveniently near at 
hand, and the marble crown stone furnished by the Pennsylvania 
society was sent to the village of Ellerslie, a few miles north of Cum- 
berland, Maryland, where it now marks the point at which the 
boundary crosses the public road at that place. It was thought that 
it might be well to give to the inhabitants of that section the oppor- 
tunity of seeing a monument of this description, of considerable his- 
toric interest. 

In addition to all of the foregoing, two very substantial monimients 
of Port Deposit granite were placed on the boundary, in the vicinity 
of the Susquehanna Kiver. One of these is at "Grub Corner," where 
the road running north from Conowingo, Maryland, forks upon cross- 
ing tlie line into Pennsylvania. The other is at the foot of tlie bluff 



RKSURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 76 

on i\\c wost sido o\' \\\c Susqiiohannn. in liiu^ bcMwcHMi Milt^postS 98 
and '2-1. Vvom this mnv monumiMii tln^ oKl MiU^post No. 'Jo is visiM(\ 
These nionmiionlv^ :uv tivo niui :i halt' fool loiip:. twelve inohos^ square 
above ground, nnd have ihil lops. l>eknv ihe surface they were h''ft 
rough, as they eau\e from ilio quarry. They weigh probably about 
1,000 ]vninds oa^'h. In Tablo XI 11. o( iho Appendix is given a 
desoriptive list o\' all the nionnnionts now on {\\o Wnc. arran^vd in 
eouseeutive geographical order, from east to west. 

In making the resurvey, trial lines w«mv run (or oaoh s(\Mion o( iho 
boundary nmoh as Mason and Pixon rati llioirs, except that no lati 
tude observations wim-*^ made in O(n»n(>olion with tluMn. The visible 
nuirks on the gromul wore, instead. uschI as guides in tixing the direc- 
tion of a trial lino and attention had o( cowvso to bo given io tlu^ 
obstacles, such as bniKlin;>;s, oii'liards. lioavv tinibiM-, etc.. which might 
interfere with tlu' direct coiirt^o of a lino but whii'h co\ild sotnetiuu^s 
be avoided by oaro in the prelinnnarv location. The trial line was 
soniotinios norih and sonnMinu^s so\illi o\' llio bonndavy, according to 
the nalnrt^ o( \\\o oonniry ;ind llu^ (>bs|;u'los onoonnloi-oil. WIumi prac- 
ticable, the northern location was preferred, as the trial line would 
then be a chord of the arc and the otTsets were less likely to be unduly 
long. Tlio trial lino was .'dwavs kt^pt as close Io tlu^ bonndarv as was 
consistent with economy and with the avoidance of lUvstacles. Krom 
the vicinity of Sideling Hill to (he western end of the work, the 
boundary crosses a series of steep sided and n(\arly straight mountain 
ridges, bet woiMi which lie ooniparalivoly broad vallovs, which are 
sometimes subdivided by minor ridges. These nvountains, especially 
between Sideling Mill and Savage JMountain, have a remarkable 
parallelism, their direction in general being about 25"' east of north, 
or west of south. In the niajin-ily o( cases ihoy .are densely winnlcil 
and the opening of a line across all o( them would have been a work 
of serious magnitude. Fortunately, however, a pipe line for the 
transfer of crude petroleum to the seaboard was carried through this 
country some years ago. West of Licking Creek, this pipe line fol- 
lows the Pennsylvania side t>f \hc boundary quite closely ti> a poitvt 
far beyond the western limit of ALaryland. The cleared gap through 
which it runs generally shows conspicuous openings on the summits 



76 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

of tlio liig'li ridt>-os and tlio trial line was usually made, to pass through 
these, nuicli labor being- thus saved. Unfortunately, the course of the 
pipe line was so irregular that a straight line joining two summit 
gaps would rarely touch its course in the intervening valley. When 
the valleys were open, the necessary intermediate points were easily 
aligned ; and when woods interfered, points on the straight trial line 
were interpolated only at places where monuments were needed. Such 
places were usually on the summits of the minor ridges, when there 
were such, in order that successive monuments might be intervisible, 
whenever possible. Distances between such points were obtained by 
a stadia traverse carried along the pipe line and connected at inter- 
vals with the straight line. 

Whenever the trial line reached a monument or other mark estab- 
lished by Mason and Dixon, its distance from the object was care- 




FiG. 2. Diagram showing trial lines of original survey and resurvey and 
offsets from these to mile posts. 



fully measured with an accurate steel tape. These measures gave the 
means of making a direct connection with the work of Mason and 
Dixon and of fixing the position of a missing monument by reference 
to those found in place. 

This matter will perhaps be more clearly understood after inspect- 
ing the diagram given above, which represents the first twelve miles 
of the parallel laid out by Mason and Dixon, together with their 
trial line, the trial line of this resurvey, and the offsets from these 
lines to the successive mile posts. This distance of twelve miles 
covers, however, only nine miles of the present boundary between 
Pennsylvania and Maryland, as the northeast corner of the latter 
State nearly coincides with the third mile post of Mason and Dixon's 
original measurement. Their trial line was north of the boundary 
and is represented in the diagram by the line marked M-D. The 



RESURVKY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 77 

trial line of the resurvey was south of the boundary and is represented 
by the lino marked H, The point marked W rey)ro8en(,8 tlic initial 
point of Mason and Dixon's parallel of latitude, the often mentioned 
"Post mark'd West in Mr, Bryan's field." 

As stated by Mason and Dixon, the offsets from their trial line to 
the boundary increase from zero at the starting point to 128 feet at 
the end of 12 miles. These several offsets are given in Table I, and 
are also indicated in the diagram. 

When the new trial line was run, there was no monument at the 
point marked 12, the present ISTo. 9. At the point marked 11, the 
rectangular offset from the new lino was 46.2 feet, while at the point 
marked 3 the corresponding offset was 152.4 feet. 

As the new trial line was on the opposite side of the boundary from 
the old one, the distances between these two lines at the points men- 
tioned will be the sums of the old and new offsets at the respective 
points. These sums, as indicated in the diagram, are 170.7 feet at 
No. 11 and 198.0 feet at No. 3. The interval between the old and 
new lines therefore varies 27.3 feet in 8 miles, or 3.41 feet per mile. 
At the middle point, 7 miles from W, the interval between the trial 
lines would be 170.7+yo(27.3), or 1/2(170.7+198.0), that is 184.35 
feet. The distance of the monument at No. 7 from the new trial line 
should then evidently be equal to 184.35 — 95.1, or 89.25 feet. But 
the monument at No. 7 happened to be standing and its measured 
distance from the trial line was actually 88.03 feet, or 1.22 foot less 
than it should have been according to the computation. At first 
glance, this may seem an unduly large discrepancy; but when all of 
the circumstances are considered, it will appear that such differences 
are to be expected and that even larger deviations from theoretical 
exactness should not cause surprise. This discrepancy is the result- 
ant of the errors in the positions of the three monuments considered 
and these may have been affected by various influences. When the 
boundary was first surveyed, the country was still wild and the line 
was carried through a gap cut in the woods. Some time after the 
trial line had been run, the offsets were measured to the south at each 
mile post and another gap, or "Visto," was cut along the boundary. 



1 5 KEPOKT OF THE ENGINEER 

Still Inter, the stone inoninnents were brought in and placed, as noted 
by Mason and Oixon, "To Links Eastward of the Mile Posts; so that 
they stand at even miles from the l^orth-East end of the Province of 
^Maryland, or the beginning of the West Line.'' In all of these oper- 
ations, conducted in rough and Avooded country, there were oppor- 
tunities for errors to creep in. This was especially the case when 
they came to set the monuments 73 links east of the old mile posts. 
There is no mention of the use of an instrument for their correct 
alignment and it is altogether likely that the positions for the stones 
were aligned by eye, sighting along the middle of the "Visto.'' It is 
also probable that a matter of a foot or two either way would not be 
considered of special importance in the division of this extensive ter- 
ritory, then very sparsely settled. In general, such discrepancies are 
small ; and even where they are largest, as in the rough monutainons 
regions, they are not of serious moment and would not be perceptible 
on a map of the line, unless it were drawn on a very large scale. In 
some sections of the boundary, all or nearly all of the monuments 
were found in place, while in other sections many were missing. The 
above illustration will serve to explain the fundamental principle 
depended upon for the restoration of lost positions and the series of 
diagrams given in the text will clearly show the application of the 
]u-inciple in the various instances. 

In order to know the approximate direction of the trial line and 
hence of the various portions of the boundary, solar azimuths were 
observed at one or more points on each section of the line. These 
observations and the computations dependent upon them may be 
found in the text. 

It has already been mentioned that one of the objects kept in view 
in the resurvey was the preparation of a topographic map of the 
country along the boundary. If this had been the chief purpose of 
the survey, it would have been best accomplished by a plane table 
traverse. But the line had actually, in any event, to be run out with 
the transit and it was therefore thought better to do the topographic 
work at the same time, in order to avoid the necessity of again going 
over the line, with a different instrument. The transit and stadia 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 79 

method was therefore used in the topography, the directions and dis- 
tances of the various objects included in the map being noted on 
free-hand sketches in note books. The sketches were subsequently 
platted on the scale of 250 feet to an inch, or one three-thousandth 
part of nature. These drawings have been arranged upon sixty-seven 
atlas sheets, each 27 inches long by 20 inches wide, each sheet includ- 
ing about three miles of the line.* 

The distances along the line were measured by the stadia, or 
optical distance measure system. For this purpose, the eyepiece of 
the instrument is provided with parallel horizontal lines, commonly 
called threads or wires. When a suitably arranged scale, painted on 
the face of a rod which is held at the point whose distance is desired, 
is viewed through the telescope, a certain portion of the scale will be 
intercepted between the parallel lines of the eyepiece. The angle 
between the lines remaining constant, the portion of the scale inter- 
cepted is proportional to the distance of the rod from the instrument. 
A variation of the method is to use a fixed length on the scale, or two 
targets on a road, and to have one of the instrument wires movable. 
This movable wire is actuated by a screw and its angular distance 
from the fixed wire is determined by the number of turns of the 
screw. The number of turns with a given length of rod will vary 
inversely with the distance. This method is more suitable for long 
distances which are beyond the reach of the fixed wires. The larger 
instrument used in this survey was provided with such an eyepiece 
micrometer, and it was used in cases where the fixed wires could not 
be employed. 

The valuable instrumental outfit needed for the work was loaned 
by the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the faoilities of the repair 
shops of that organization were available in case the instruments suf- 
fered accidental injury, as sometimes happened. This assistance was 
of very great value and saved the States interested a very considerable 
sum of money. 



♦Complete sets of signed photographs of these sheets on the scale of 500 
feet=l Inch have been filed with the authorities in Maryland, Pennsylvania 
and vV^ashington. The Plates reproduced in this report are reductions of 
these maps to the scale of 1000 feet=l inch. — Ed. 



80 ItlOl'tHCr OK I'll 10 lONOlNHlKIl 

Tl«'Hi^l«\^ vjirious auxiliary iiiHlrmncnils, siuOi na lioliolropos, biiioc- 
iilars, and rtHHHiiioiltu'iii^ teli\soo|Hvs, llio primnpal inHtiMiiuoiii.a usod 
\v<M-<i a flovon-inch transit tlioodolito, mado by Buff &; Borgor, of Boa- 
ton, and n six-iuoli onginoora' transit mado by Fauth & Oo., of Waah- 
iugton. Tlio 8(>von inch tlioodolito was usoil for all of tho aziunith 
obs(U'vations ami for tlu* alii;iinitnit of tho princij^al ])oints in the 
MKMiiitaiiiouH Ht'otioiiH, wluM-t^ h>ng aighta could he ohtaiiu'd. A oon- 
aidorablo part of tho detailed work along tho lino, and of tho topo- 
graphy, waa also dono with thia inatruniont, which waa naod aololy 
by tho onginoor in chargo of tho anrv(\v. Tho tMiginoora' transit wad 
used in tho reniaiiuh<r o( tho work of aligiinioiit and of topi)graphio 
Hkt>(chii\g and was gmiorally naod by an assistant. 

'I'hroo assialants wore oinployod for varioua periods in tho course 
of the survey. Mr. Howard Taylor, who had charge of tho transit 
during the work in the fall of 1000, anbsequently aooeptod a position 
with [\\o l\M»nsylvania Ivailway and did not return to thia work. Mr. 
Ivoluu-t 11. Hlain, who had been connected with tlu> party in another 
capacity during Mr. Taylor'a service, succeeded him at the tranait 
and, with some intonuptii>n8, served in that capacity throughout the 
survey. Both of these gontlenien gave careful attention \o the impor- 
tant dutiea con titled to then\. Mr. i'dward K. Martin rendered very 
valuable service as foren\an in setting nnmuments and also sometimes 
assisted with tho transit. Ilia energy and persistence in the trans- 
portation of the heavy blocks of stone to even the moat inaccessible 
places, his personal ind\istry, ai\d his skill in handling men are 
deserving of high praise. 

In addition to these skilled assistants, the nsnal laborers, rodmen, 
axemen, etc., were employed from time to time, aa occasion required. 
Transportatii>n waa i>btained by the hire of horses anvi wagons, aa 
needed, at tho nearest available point. Living acoommodations for 
the party wtM't> obtained from the inhabitants of the country traversed, 
who generally showed a disposition to facilitate the operations of the 
survey by furnishing board and lodging when necessary. There were, 
of course, exceptions and in some districts it was necessary to live in 
the towns und to drive inconveniently long distances to the daily 



K,lilMlllfVli;V OH' MAHON mxoiN l,IINI(l HI 

work. Similar (lidViroiuuiH woro fouJitl in ilio attitudo of tho faniKirH 
townni (lin Hiirvoy. In fj,'(ui(n'jil, tho liindowncu'H woro oillior indiUVr 
dill, or ravor.'iMy <liH|)()H(Ml, \n\l in Honio |>Iii(',('h, cHitrciiilly in iJin <^iiHl.(ini 
purl. «)l IIki linn, rnjiny larnicrH wnrn (|iiil,n liutililn, in HpiUi of vnry 
carofnl oxpluntitiona of llio iuituro and objool; of iJin Hnrvny and of 
vory gr(»a.l; (jaro to avoid damaf>'o to pjrowinf:? oronn. 'I'liifi ImHtility 
nHnally toolc tlio form of dcntroyin^' tlin HtnkdH wliidi nmrknd IIk^ Iriiil 
linci and in lliiH way nonictiraes canHcd a yntn] deal of annoyancio and 
delay, 'i'lio toniiiorary trouldo canHod in tliiH way \h, liow()vor, triflin/j;' 
in coinparJHon with tho |)nrnnin(uit dan^(*r to tho inarkH alonpj tho 
hunndary dnn to tho far too prnvaJont notion thai a. landownor IniH 
a ri^ht to dinpoHo of a tnonninc^it, which happnnii t() iitand on hiu 
land, in acdoi-dancio with hin own doHirciH. In Honio oaHOH, tlici infornia- 
tion at hainl indic-atrid that laiidownorH, who woro intollif!;ont ononf«;h 
to roali/o the. illo^ality of removing a, boundary mark, did not Iich- 
itato to broak <dr a nionunicnt at or bcjow tho Hnrfacn of tho p;ronnd 
and thon to a,H<n-ibo tho mntihition to acoidont. In ono or two 
ioHtanooH, it wan fonnd doHirabIn in rontorin/.-; nionninonlH to Hojoct 
plaooH ontnido of tho liohJH in whir,ji iJioy would liavo pi'opcrly fallon, 
for foar tlnit thoir former destructifni niif.';ht bo ropoatod, liappily, 
fliKili (ixtronin <'.aHOH ar(f Infro(piont. 

it iH Hnfj;fjj(wt<'.d that, in ordor to avoid any poHwibiiity of fntnnj din 
|)nto in ro/.';a,rd to tli(i lo<!a.tion <»!' tho boninlary, aotH ratifying tlio 
rosultfl of thJH Hiirvoy bo prepared and Hiibmittod to tho (](tnoral 
AHHomblioH of tho two StatoH for tluiir oonnidoration. It m thoiif.';ht 
that Hnoh a<',lH Hhonid provido that tho bonn<lary bo bold to run in 
straight linoH from (Kinlor |,o <!ontor of tho HnocoHiiivo inonumontH. 
This ifl in accord with tho MHnp;(! (.!" tho, Sn|)rcnio (!onrt of tho llnitod 
States in Himibir (lanoH. 

Tn tluH oonn(!(5tion, it imiy do no hai-ni to rop<;at that no o|ianf.';(^ ban 
boon nnido in the boundary lino a.H it wa,H originally laid cmt and thai 
tho groatoHt oaro IniH ooiiHtantly b(ioti taken to insure the accurate 
reproduction of that original lln(!, in phicoM when! it ban been tem 
porarily eiracod. 



82 KEPOET OF THE ENGINEER 

In closing this report, the engineer in charge gratefully acknowl- 
edges the constant kindness and consideration of the Commissioners 
and their patience with the unexpected delays which have occurred 
in the completion of this work, on account of other imperative official 
demands upon his time. 

W. C. HODGKINS, 

Engineer in Charge. 



To 



0, H. TiTTMANN, Superintendent of the 

Coast and Geodetic Survey. 
Dr. Wm. Bullock Clakk^ State Geologist 

of Maryland. 
Maj. Isaac B. Brown^ Secretary of Internal 

Affairs of Pennsylvania. 



Commissioners. 



List of Monumewth jnow JdJxisTiNG on the Boundaky Between Maryland 

AND Pennsylvania, Arranged in Geographical Order 

From East to West. 

1. Initial Monument, standing at the nortlieastern corner of Maryland. 

This is a heavy granite post placed by Lieut.-Col. J. D. Graham in 
1849. It stands at the bottom of a ravine and is partly buried by 
earth washed from the hillside. 

2. Milestone No. 1, set by Mason and Dixon in 1766. Now in south edge 

of line road. 

3. Milestone No. 2, M. & D., 1766, in field north and east of bend of road. 

4. Milestone No. 3, M. & D., 1766, in fence line on hill west of Big Elk 

creek. 

5. Milestone No. 4, M. & D., 1766, in field west of lane south and east of 

village of Lewisville, Pa. 

6. Milestone No. 5, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," in field south and west of 

Lewisville, Pa. This stone had been mended with iron clamps. 

7. Milestone No. 6, M. & D., 1766, in field on hill top west of Little Elk 

Creek. 

8. Milestone No. 7, M. & D., 1766, in field north and east of road leading 

from Fairview, Md., to Elk Mills, Pa. 

9. Milestone No. 8, M. & D., 1766, on edge of woods west of cross roads, 

near the village of Lombard, Md. The upper part of this monument 
was split and it was repaired by shrinking iron bands upon it and 
filling the crack with cement. 

10. Milestone No. 9, M. & D., 1766, in field east of road leading from Lom- 

bard, Md., to Chrome, Pa. The position of this monument had been 
lost. It was redetermined and the stone was then reset. 

11. Milestone No. 10, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," in line of fence east of 

road leading from Calvert, Md., to Chrome, Pa. 

12. Milestone No. 11, M. & D., 1766, on south side of "line road" and just 

west of its junction with a north and south road. 

13. Milestone No. 12, M. & D., 1766, east of Sylmar, on south side of "line 

road." 

14. Milestone No. 13, M. & D., 1766, in woods west of Sylmar. This monu- 

ment was found broken off below the surface of the ground and the 
position lost. This was redetermined and the fragment of the base 
was then found by digging. 

15. Milestone No. 14, M. & D., 1766, near a small stream and just west of 

a road which crosses the boundary from northwest to southeast. 
This monument was almost completely buried in a swamp and was 
very much out of plumb before resetting. 



84 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

16. Milestone No. 15, M. &. D., 1766, "crown stone," in hedge row west of 

road leading north from Rising Sun, Md. 

17. Milestone No. 16. M. & D., 1766, in a field near the woods, in a locality 

known as Goat Hill. 

18. Milestone No. 17. M. & D., 1766, in a hollow between two roads east of 

Octoraro Church. 
19. Mile stone No. 18, M. & D., 1766, in a bushy pasture in bend of Octoraro 
Creek and between the second and third crossings of same. This 
monument was in a fine state of preservation, being in a secluded 
spot and rarely visited. 

20. Milestone No. 19, M. & D., 1766, in field west of woods bordering the 

Octoraro valley and east of the road leading northeast from Rock 
Springs, Md. 

21. Milestone No. 20, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," in fence line in scatter- 

ing woods north of road leading from Rock Springs, Md., to Pleasant 
Grove, Pa. 

22. Milestone No. 21, M. & D., 1766, in edge of woods on hillside west of 

Conowingo Creek. This monument had been mended with iron clamps. 

23. New granite monument at fork of road leading north from Conowingo, 

Md., to Pleasant Grove and Grub Corner, Pa. This takes the place of 
original Milestone No. 22, which was situated in the bottom of a 
hollow a little farther west and had been washed out ajid destroyed 
by the formation of a gully. 

24. Milestone No. 23, M. & D., 1766, in woods on the top of the bluff on the 

eastern side of the Susquehanna river. 

25. New granite monument at the foot of the bluff on the western bank of 

the Susquehanna river and a short distance west of the old canal. 

26. Milestone No. 24, M. & D.. 1766, in grass field, a little west of the edge 

of woods on the top of the bluff on the western side of the Susque- 
hanna. From this monument, Milestone No. 23 would be visible but 
for trees on the edge of the bluff. 

27. Milestone No. 25, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," in open field, a short 

distance north of a road leading westward from the Susquehanna 
towards Cardiff, Md. This stone showed more than the average 
weathering. 

28. Milestone No. 26, M. & D., 1766, in an orchard to the westward of a 

farmhouse situated on the west side of the road leading southeast- 
ward from Slate Hill, Pa., to Conowingo Bridge, Md. 

29. Milestone No. 27, M. & D.. 1766, in open field, a little west of a house 

and barn on the west side of a road crossing the boundary from 
northwest to southeast. 

30. Milestone No. 28, M. & D., 1766, in edge of pasture and bush lot, on top 

of hill next east of the slate ridge at Delta and Cardiff. 

31. Milestone No. 29, ]Nt & D., 1766, in the town of Cardiff, between the 

main street and the Maryland and Pennsylvania R. R. The position 



1 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 85 

of this stone had been lost and the monument itself was badly broken. 
The position was redetermined and the monument was repaired and 
reset. 

32. Milestone No. 30, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," in fence line, in a valley 

a mile west of Cardiff. The monument stands just north of a small 
stream and a short distance west of a wooded hill. 

33. Milestone No. 31, M. & D., 1766, in an open field south and east of the 

road leading northeastward from Graceton, Md. 

34. Milestone No. 32, M. & D., 1766, in a small pasture between a farm- 

house and a blacksmith shop at the bend of the road leading from 
Graceton to Constitution. The entire south side of the upper part of 
this monument was broken off and lost. 

35. Milestone No. 33, M. & D., 1766, a short distance east of Constitution, 

Pa., and on the south edge of the "line road." 

36. Milestone No. 34, M. & D., 1766, in fence line near corner of woods, east 

of a road crossing the boundary from northeast to southwest. 

37. Milestone No. 35. M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," in fence line on side 

hill, a little east of the road leading south from Fawn Grove, Pa. 

38. Milestone No. 36, M. & D., 1766, about southwest of Fawn Grove, Pa., 

and on north side of "line road." a little west of its junction with a 
road crossing the boundary in a direction nearly north and south. 

39. Milestone No. 37, M. & D., 1766, on south side of same line road, on the 

hill east of Big Branch. 

40. Milestone No. 38, M. & D., 1766, at the southeast corner of the intersec- 

tion of the line road by the road leading south from Newpark, Pa. 

41. Milestone No. 39, M. & D., 1766, in fence line on north side of farm lane 

on west side of road leading from Newpark, Pa., to Norrisville, Md. 

42. Milestone No. 40, M. & D., 1766, in open field just east of road leading 

from Norrisville, Md., to Draco, Pa., and where a section of "line 
road" starts westward. Only the base of this old "crown stone" 
remains in the ground, the upper portion of the monument having 
been broken off and removed. The position was located by the survey 
and the base was found in place, but owing to the adverse attitude of 
the owner of the ground, it was not thought expedient to replace the 
monument in the same position. The base was left in place and the 
monument next to be mentioned was established to take its place as 
a visible mark. 

43. A "crown stone" brought from Washington County, Md., and placed a 

short distance to the westward of the preceding monument, in the 
intersection of the two roads mentioned. It is situated in the grassy 
triangle between the wagon tracks. 

44. Milestone No. 41, M. & D., 1766, in a fence line in a valley and just east 

of a marshy stream. 

45. Milestone No. 42, M. & D., 1766, in a fence line and a short distance east 

of the road leading north from Gorsuchs Mills, Md., to Stewarts- 
town, Pa. 



86 EEPOKT OF THE ENGINEER 

46. Milestone No. 43, M. & D., 1766, was in this vicinity, but the monument 

had disappeared and its position was lost. It seems probable that it 
formerly stood near a road in the bottom of a small valley, but this 
situation was unfavorable for the preservation of a monument on 
account of the amount of wash from the hillside and of water seep- 
ing through the soil. One of the monuments brought from Washing- 
ton County, Md., was therefore placed on the boundary, at the top of 
the hill next east of the road, where it stands in a fence line. The 
place is about northwest of Gorsuchs Mills. 

47. Milestone No. 44, M. & D., 1766, in a fence line on the hillside about 

half a mile west of the crossing of the boundary by Deer Creek. 

48. Milestone No. 45, M. & D., 1766, in heavy woods about a mile northeast 

of the village of Maryland Line, Md. The monument was out of the 
ground and lying on the steep hillside. It was placed in a better loca- 
tion on the boundary on the rocky ridge just east of where it was 
found. 

49. Milestone No. 46, M. & D., 1766, in an open field, a short distance east 

of the Baltimore and York turnpike and about half a mile north of 
the village of Maryland Line, Md. 

50. Milestone No. 47, M. & D., 1766, in an open field and close to a short 

section of road closely following the boundary, about a mile west of 
the "pike." 

51. Milestone No. 48, M. & D., 1766, in a pasture just west of the road next 

east of the Northern Central R. R. The place is about a mile and a 
half to the southward and eastward of New Freedom, Pa. 

52. Milestone No 49, M. & D., 1766, just east of the eastern angle of a short 

section of "line road," where the same turns northeastward toward 
New Freedom, Pa. 

53. Marble "crown stone" replacing the original Milestone No. 50, of Mason 

and Dixon, which had been washed out of the ground and subse- 
quently removed to Baltimore, where it came into the possession of 
the Maryland Historical Society. The Society furnished in exchange 
for it a duplicate in white marble. Owing to the present unsuitability 
of the original site, which caused the first stone to be washed out, 
the new monument was placed on the summit of the hill and just 
east of the intersection of the "line road" with the road that leads 
north and east toward New Freedom. 

54. Milestone No. 51, M. & D., 1766, in a fence line on the north side of a 

lane and just west of a farmhouse. About three quarters of a mile 
east of Stiltz, Pa. 

55. Milestone No. 52, M. & D., 1766, in a small orchard on the south side of 

the lane leading west from Stiltz. 

56. Milestone No. 53, M. & D., 1766, in a fence line, a short distance west 

of a road which crosses the boundary. 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 87 

57. Milestone No. 54, M. & D., 1766, in thick woods, a short distance north 

of a road which here runs nearly east and west, bending to the south- 
ward as it goes east. 

58. Milestone No. 55, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," at forks of road about 

a mile east of the the village of Lineboro, Md. 

59. Milestone No. 56, M. & D., 1766. This monument is alongside a mill on 

the western edge of the village of Lineboro. At the time of the sur- 
vey, the monument was found in the basement of the mill, having 
been removed from its original position, probably at the time the 
mill was built. It was placed on the boundary just on the west side 
of the mill and in view of the Western Maryland R. R., which here 
crosses the boundary. 

60. Milestone No. 57, M. & D., 1766, in an open field and near line of fence, 

on a rise of ground about a mile west of Lineboro. 

61. Milestone No. 58, M. & D., 1766, in edge of an open glade in woods 

two miles west of Lineboro. 

62. Milestone No. 59, M. & D., 1766, in the edge of a farm lane leading 

westward from a fork of the road which eastward nearly follows the 
boundary. The monument is just west of a small piece of woods. 
This monument was out of the ground and its position had therefore 
to be redetermined. 

63. Milestone No. 60, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," in hoUow on west side of 

the Baltimore and Hanover turnpike. 

64. Milestone No. 61, M. & D., 1766. Monument in fair condition. 

65. Milestone No. 62, M. & D., 1766. 

66. Milestone No. 63, M. & D., 1766. 

67. Milestone No. 64, M. & D., 1767. This is the last monument on the 

border of York County, Pa. When the work of setting monuments in 
the Autumn of 1766 had reached this vicinity, this monument was 
omitted, while No. 65 was set. 

68. Milestone No. 65, M. & D., 1766, "crown stone," on south side of line 

road. 

69. Milestone No. 66. M. & D., 1767. 

70. Milestone No. 67, M. & D., 1767. This monument stood nearly in the 

middle of a short section of line road, southeast of Littlestown, Pa., 
and had been worn down until there was little left of it. For the 
better preservation of the boundary at this point, another monument 
was set a short distance farther east, on top of the hill, where the 
road swerved a little to the southward, leaving the monument on 
the north side of the road. 

71. Milestone No. 68, M. & D., 1767, in fence line, west of the Baltimore 

turnpike. 

72. Milestone No. 69, M. & D., 1767. Monument in good condition. 

73. Milestone No. 70, M. & D., 1767, "crown stone." This monument was 

out of the ground and its position was lost. As the place where it 



88 Iv'li'l'OH'l' Oli' I'lllO lONDINIOlflU 

Wiirt fomul WHS 111 u luarHhy thlcUot lUMir lMiu\v (lrot>U and honco of 
IKtIn Horvlr<< i\h ii liindniiirU. It wan movtnl to tho rocky iIiIko a nhttrt 
(llHtanco wt^rtt, from whUh a good vlow can bo had to (ho wostward. 
uoroHH llio Krodorlok DIvIhIou of tlio IViniHylvanla U. U. 

74. Mllostono No, 71, M. »VV !>.. 17(17. MiMiimiou( wan found brokon. 

75. Mib>n(ono No. 72. M. AJ P.. I7(!7. Monuinont In jjood coiidltlou. 

76. MlioHtono No. 7«. M. Ai D,. i7(i7 Noar .Mh>\vay Crook. 

77. MlloBtono No. 71. M. & D., 1707. 

78. M(h>H(ono No. 75, M. & IV. 17(!7. In an opon tb^hl noar tho vlllaRo of 

llarnoy, Md. 'PhlH n»onun\ont was very badly brokon and wan thoro 
fore replaood by a "orown stono," In good oondltb>n. brouRht from 
WaBhlngton County, Md. 
7{>. Mlleatono No. 70. M. & D.. 1767. Httuatod on tho north stdo of Marsh 
Crook ai\d wost of l?o»'k Crook. In an i»i>on tlohl. not far from tho 
point whoro tho two st roams unlto to form tho Monocary Ulvor. 

80. Mlloatone No. 77, M. & D.. 1707. altuntod on tho north bank of Marsh 

l^rook, a short distance west of a ford, 

81. Mllostono No. 78, M. & IV, 1707. This monuii\tM>t was out of tho Krouud 

and Its position was lost. 'This was rodotoruilood and tho stoi\o was 
rosot as nsual. 

82. MUostono No. 70. M. & D., 1767. This n\onuMitM>t was out of tlie ground 

»unl was so badly brokon up that U oonlil mvt bo ropalrod. Its post 
(Ion was roilotorn\ln»*d ami it was voplaood by anothor moj\umon( 
brmight from \Vashli\Bton County. Md. 

8:5. MUostono No. S(\ M. & 1>., 1707. A "orown s(ono." This monnmont 
was found lying on the ground, but Ita former poaltlon waa plainly 
Indloatod by a doju'osslon in tho ground noar ita baae, and as this 
position waa found to agree with other neighboring monuments the 
moi\nmont was rosot In that plaoe. The looatlon is northeast i>f 
lOmmltsbnrg, Md.. and a little west of Middle Creek. The monument 
atauda in a iltde open glade between olumpa of wooda. 

84 Milestone No. 81. M. & l>,. 1707. In an open tleld nearly north of ICmmlta- 
inirg and west of tho Gettysburg road. Thia monument was lying 
i>u the ground, brokon. It had to be repaired and Us position to bo 
redetermlutHt 

8f>, Milestone No. .sj. M, i\: l>., 1707. I'lose to a atone wall on the west side 
of a annill orotdv i-allod IHat Kun, 'IMils monnmont was out of the 
ground. 

80, Milestone No. .s;!, M, iM 1» . n; .', stands in ai» open tloUI. on (ho hill west 
i>f tho ICnimltsburg and Wayjiosboro turnpike. 

87. Milestone No, 84, M, & D., 1707. 'I'his stone stands In the edge of a 
thloket. a short distance weat of the road Uniding from Mount St. 
Mary'a to Kountalndale. It has suffered unusual damage from van 
dais and preserves little of Us form 



l,Milrtlll.'\'lilV oil' MAHON hlXoiN 1.1 IN 111 HD 

SS. Mllt^Hldiio N<». Sfi, M. Ht. I»., 1/(17. TIiIh "ciiiwu HldiitV lu In gdod (mhmII- 
lliiii itnd uIuiuIh In ii giii'dtMi on llio iini'lli Mldn o( llin li'rItMidH (^iiuiU 
roiid, III llu> tiiiHltiril «dge of lliu llllio illdgn. 

Hit. MiinHloiui No Kll, IVl. &. \), I7II7 In IlilfU woodH on IIhi lUdu td' ii, inonii' 
ImIii 

00. Mll.iHlono No. «7. M. & !>., 17(17. In u I'tnico lliiu ii,|. Ilio I'oot ol" llio 
nioiinliiln on IIih HiiHltun uido id' l.lio opoii, iMilllvtilod |ini'| ol' I ho 
VHlloy (d' li'rlondH drooU iind ii, hIumI dlHliinr.o oiihI ol' llio roiid. Tlio 
upiier imrl. ol' IIiIh nioniiinoiil. Iiiid hoon hndion nonrly HHiuuoly ol'l'. 
The upper end of Uie remiUnlng fraginent: wtts dreaBed to the mmo 
pattern as the original, with the letlern 1'. and IVI., mh iiHiinl. Al'l(u- 
lieing HO repaired, Iho nuuiiinient waa reaet. 

!i| MlloHtoiio No. HH. M. a. l>., 17(17. Cloae to the nnrlh nldo of a liyroiul, 
In 11. valley ahoiil. a mile and a half oaal id' llliiu ItldKo Hiiininll ala 
linn of I he Wnalnin Maryland It l( 

111!, MlliiHlonti No. S!l, M. & I)., 17(17. A inoiinnionl, wan jMnHiiniiildv plioiod al 
IhIa jioint by IMaaon and IMxon, Init no trare of It emild hu rmind. The 
poaitloii waa lodidurinineil and a inonninont ohlnitind In WmhIiIiikIoii 
('oiinly waa piiirnil limo. It alanda in a niaraliy llilrlud alioiil half a 
mile oaal id' llliin Uldfj^n Mnniinil Mlntiun. 

IK!. iVIIIiialone No. 1(0, M. &. I)., 17(17. 'I'liia la a, "rrowii hIoiio" mid HiandH In 
a iUtle atrip of wooila on the gonlheaat aide of a road, In Ihu vllliit^o 
of lllglilloid. 'riila inonnniHnl. had lieeii eovereil wllli a wlro nage lo 
proturt it from iiie allar.Ua of vandala. When Iho moninnent waa 
reset thia was repaired and refaatened. 

111. MlloHlnnn No. Ol, M. & H., 17fi7. Tlila alanda on a roeUy, foreatod nioiin 
liiln hiili', a. aiiorl: dialani-e oaat of I'mi M'ar Hlailon. 'I'IiIh nioniiniitnl 
liaa Itonii liadly iniililalHil |iy vandiilH, linl ia now proliudttil liy ii. itimil 
wire (tago. 

or.. JVIIIeatone No. 02, M. & D., 17(17. In a. Ilidd a! Mm Ihihh id' llm lllim IMdgn. 
on Itu western Bide. 

0(1. IVIIIeatone No. 0:i, IVI. H. I>, 17(17. In a I'mirn lino, nuiir Midvaio, ['a, 

07. Mllealone No. 04, M. .«. I>, I7«7. 

OK. IVIIIoHlonQ No. 05, M. Al, I)., 17(17. 

00, MiioHl.one No. 0(1, M. Ai, (>, 17(17. Iilaat of hlllln Antiolani dreeU. 
|(((). Mlhialoiio No. !)7, M. & I)., 17(17. Woat of l.llllii AnlUilain (iraelf, 
101 MlliiHlone No. ON, M. & h., 1707. In fiuirn liiiii, nliont a inllo and a 
half eaat of IVIai'ah Itmi. 

loi: Mlleatona No, 00, M. & D„ 1.707. The monument placed here by Maaon 
and Dixon had disappeared, having apparently been briduui up, aa 
small pieces of Ita penillar mal.orial wore found. The poaltlon was 
redetermined ami anollier moniimnnt aiipplb'd. It standa by Iho aldii 
of the road loading from (Jiuiuiraallo lo hidtitrabiirg. 

lo;{. Mllealone No. 1.00. This Is a "crown stone" and stands on the north 
aide of lliH road iHiuJIng fi'oiii lloid aiiilion on (lin Allonwiild (liitoff 



00 



IMirOKP 0\' 'nil'. ION (i IN I'll', l{. 



R. U. In MmimIi Uiiii. 'riic niomimcnl jiliici'd htMi> by Miison ami 
nixou liMil (llH;ipi"'i"<'<l ii'i'i >"i«' «>!' Iln>s(> ohtaiucd in (lu^ viiluily of 
('l(>!iisiniiiK wiiH ust'tl (o n'pliico II. 'Phis inoiumuMil was In lino ron 
(llllon and was lUM-luips llu- lonc,«'sl o\' all lli(> old n\ominionls. 'V\w 
point hh-ally ropnird lo l>t> llu< pusitlon of tlu» old nionnniont, in t.ho 
nilddlo of tho pikod road tuonth)nod in tlie report., divtod May 2. 1808. 
liy Mt^HHrs. ll«i\vllt, I\loyt>r and Wlnddolpli, lOxanilnors for tho Slato of 
ronnsylvanla. was I'onnd to 1)«> onl of tho proptM* position both In line 
and (llstano(> and probably had no bt-llcr authority than nncortaln 
tradltbni. 

ll>l Mlloslont' No. ItH, in a r»Mifi' lino in opon >;ro\ind. alxnit throo qnarttM's 
of a niilo w.'mI of llio ,M((>n\val(l CntolT K. i{. This was an M. & IV 
sloM(> of ivt;v. 

lOr.. Mlloslono No. tOlI. M. i\i D,. 17lu. In an ojion tlold sonthoast of a ploco 
t>f wootis about throo qnarttM-s of a nillo oa.st of tho vIllaKo of Mlddlo 
hurR, Tho old tnonnnuMit had boon ImoImmi oIT bolow tho surface of 
tho Ki'onnil and Its position was lost. Tho proper plaoo was rodo 
lornilnt'd by tln> siirvoy and tlio baso of lh(> stont> was found by 
diRRlnK. Aftor boiniv ropairod with Iron olanips and bands tho nvonii 
niont was rosot. 

KX; IMIlostono No. 10;i. M. & P.. ITCT. This nionnnxMit was found lying on 
tho Krouiul on tho south sido of th<> road loadlnj; frotn MlddloburR to 
Mason and lM\on station mi th(> I'nniborland Valloy U. K. Tho road 
runs aUtuR tho boundary and tlnMo was a sli.»;ht onl at Iho point 
whoro tho stouo was f(umd. whloh probably oansod it io bo washod 
out. Kor Its bottor prosorvatlon In (ho futuro. tho inonnniiMit was 
plaood on tlio lino at a point a fow yards to Iho t'astward of Its 
forniiM- posit bin. it n«>w stands on a solid lodgo in tho ontranoo to a 
farn\ lano. on tin' south sIdo of (ho lino road. 

107. Mllostt>no No. tOl. M. AJ IV. IVf.;, In Iho f.Mioo lino on (ho si>nth sido of 
lh<' lino roaii auil abo\it half a niilo oasl of Iho rnniboiiand \alloy 
K K 

1(>S. Owo of (ho Masi>i\ a»»d Pixmi nioiuunonts whloh had forniorly boon in 
us.' as a horso blooU at a nolKhboriny; farnihouso and now standini; 
on Iho oast sido o( Iho right of way of (ho (.'umborhuul Valloy K. \i.. 
at tho statbni oallod Mason and Uixon. Tho railway company had 
soonrod it ai\il had placed l( approxln\atoly on tho lino. Its position 
was corroctod and It was th«M» so( m u\asonry by tho railway. 

10;v Mib'stiu\o No, 10r>. M. IV, 1T(>7. A "crowu stono." standing In (ho back 
yard of a farnihouso on tl\o south sido of (ho road loading west from 
Mason and IMxou station and oast of (ho (hvoncastlo atul Williams 
port turnpike. 

no Milestono No. 100. M. i^ IV. 1707. In a fence line on top of the hill on 

tho oast sido of l\>nocochoaguo Trook. 
Ill Milestono No, 107. M. & IV, 1707 In ;in open tlold jnst west of (he road 

leadinv, frotn llaKorslowm to Welsh Kun 



KMCMIIICA'l'.V Oh' MASON l»l\OIN I.IINM Ot 

I r.V MIUMttdiio No H»S, 1V1. .V I).. \'HVi. In n viillcy n inllo \v<>iil of lln' rnml 

IIKMll i(>ll(<ll. 

Ii:i. Mll<'!ili)ii(> No IO!l, IM .V' I)., TiTtV, On I'lnliir, r,i<"iinl oiiiil of m, roiul loiiil 

Imk moiiI Ii t'roiii VVoUili Uiin, 
lit. Miii'Mloiio No, no. M. A 1).. 17(17. A ■•crown iilono." 

Mil. IMIitMilono No. III. M. tSl D.. I7(!7. 'I'IiIm inonnnicnl wim I'onnd III l,h« 
door .viii-<l ol" n, I'nrniliouHo noiir lin^ wt'nicin boiilor ol' Mm (liinibor 
liuul Viilloy. 11 wiiH nuich out. ol' line, ninl iiii llii< hiilltllngH mid (.nwrn 
j)rovoiilod 11 I'roni boliiK' H<»oii rroiii oitlinr dirtvlloii, II. vviiH tlioiiKht 
iuIvImmMi' Io lociito !|. on llin opon rld^t^ n«>xl. lo llio \v(<hI wiird. II, 
hIiuuIk In llio lino of m. I'imico vvlili'ji d'oMiuMi lin^ Itonndiiry I'roni north 

to llOlltll. 

lie. MlloMtono No. i\'.\ M. & !>., 17(17. On llio iildo ol' :i mniill vnlloy nl Hi" 

I'oot of llii^ Nortli Mount III II. 
117. MtloidiMic No. Il:t. M. a !).. 17(17. On I Inv 'rniirjironi Moiinliijn. 
IIS. IVlll(\Ml(Mio No. Ill, M. Al I),. 17(17, A lllllo I'liiil of llio roiid rnnnlnK 

lliroiuvli IlInlrH Viilloy. 
Ili>, IV1ll(<Hl(UH^ No. lITi, M. & I).. 17(17. 'I'lio "crown mIoiic" wlilcli I'ornicily 
Ht.ood lit tlilH point, wiiH hmmovimI liy n. t'oniior owikm- of tlio liuid mid 
WilH HOllI, l.o Hiiltltiioro. wlicro for iiiiuiy y(Mi.ri( II Iny In llin colln.r of n, 
niorcmilHo nHt,(i,l)linliincnl on (Miciipnldiv II vviui ronnd Micro by tlio 
wrIl.iM' mid WIIH pocovimimI I'or niic on I lie lino, lint,, lui itliilnd In tlio 
proc(>(lliiK I'oport;. It. wiiii k'vcii to llii« 1 llHtorlciil Mixrloty of [•miiiM.vI- 
vmilii. III oxclimiKii for ii, ropllcii In wlillo inn.rlilo. 1V1(mi,iiwIiII<\ oik* ot' 
IIki crown wI.oik^h round inuir OlcjirMpiliiK wiiii not, lioro In plii.(^<* nt' It. 
Tlio liUioror wlio HHHlntod in IIkn rcinoviil ol' I lie orlHlnill iiioniinicnl 
WllH found mid pointed out. Iln^ pliirn I'roni wlilcli it, WII.H tllUoii. 'I'lilii 
spot WlXH round lo lie in iuirniony wllii llm iinrvo.v tuul Wiui nccord. 
liiRly m'(io|)lo(l ii,H (Mirroct, mid tlio inonmnniil, wiiii roHoi, llioro. 
11!(). MIIchIoiio No. 11(1, M. &. D.. 17(17. In llilcU woodii on tlio oniitorn 

iiiopo ol' I Icnrlliiitono MimiiiImIii. jiiiti w(Mil of llic "I'nncli Howl." 
121. iVIIloHtiMio No. 117. M. a. !>.. 17(17. In Illicit woodii on liic Miiniinll of 

KiMd'iu- Moiinliilii. 
I'JU. IVllloMl.oiKi No. UK, M. a l>.. 17(17. In MIlin (lovo Viill<\y. on the w(Mi(crii 

Miopia ol' Kiud'in- IVIoiinlnln. 
lL5:t. lVlll(«Mloiio No. 11".). M.ti It.. 17(17. On iiiilMldn went of l,llll(<(lovn Vii.iloy, 

liiflwiuMi llio ('ooii IMdKi^ roiid n.iid I lin iinxl, i-oiul on.MlwiU'd. 
\2i. iMIloHloiio No. ll!(l, M. a. !»., 17(17. A "crown Ht.ono," on tlio miiiiiII lilil 
wont, of tlio llntt, croHiiliiK ol' LIc.IiIiik ('niok mid iionr ii wiiRon lrii.ll. 
'riilH inonninonl, had boon hrolioii olT iihovo tlio Kr<in"<l. H wiiii 
ropnirod n.iid roiiot;, 
\2U. Mlh^Mlono No. llil. IVI. Ht I).. 17(17. On hill woHl, ol' llm lii.nt, ciommIiik ut 
IdcUliiK Crook mid oIoho to a. wiikoii trnJI, wliU^li i'iiiih noiirly oiiiil. mid 
weHt. 



92 KEPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

126. Milestone No. 122, M. & D., 1767. Near angle of public road on west 

side of Elbow Ridge. 

127. Milestone No. 123, M. & D., 1767. In fence line on summit of Pigskin 

Ridge and about half a mile west of the corner of Franklin and 
Fulton counties, Pa. From this ridge an extensive view may be 
obtained, reaching as far eastward as the summit of Keefer Mountain. 

128. Milestone No. 124, M. & D., 1767. On the west side of Ditch Run and 

east of Timber Ridge. This monument is rather badly mutilated, the 
letter M being partly broken away. 

129. Milestone No. 125, M. & D., 1767. A "crown stone," in good condition 

on top of the steep hill on the east side of Great Tonoloway Creek 
and west of the Timber Ridge road. 

130. Milestone No. 126, M. & D., 1767. On high hill west of Great Tonoloway 

Creek and about half a mile southeast of "Dogtown." 

131. Milestone No. 127, M. & D., 1767. In fence line on the east side of the 

public road leading from Hancock, Md., to Worfordsburg, Pa. The 
monument placed here by Mason and Dixon had disappeared and no 
trace of it could be found by digging, which was resorted to on 
account of the theory advanced by some persons, and apparently rea- 
sonable, that the monument might have been covered by earth washed 
from the slope above. Another monument was supplied and is 
believed to be secure in its present location. 

132. Milestone No. 128. M. & D., 1767. On the west side of a small stream 

flowing southward into Tonoloway Creek. This monument is badly 
mutilated. 

133. Milestone No. 129, M. & D., 1767. At the foot of Tonoloway Ridge, on 

its east side, and west of the public road which runs parallel to the 
ridge. 

134. Milestone No. 130, M. & D., 1767. A "crown stone," on a lower ridge 

west of Tonoloway Ridge and Creek. The original monument at 
this place had been broken into many fragments and another was 
supplied from the vicinity of Clearspring. 

135. Milestone No. 131, M. & D., 1767. Near the last crossing of Tonoloway 

Creek. 

136. Milestone No. 132, M. & D., 1767. Near the eastern base of Sideling 

Hill and east of the road leading to the summit of the ridge. This 
monument is badly mutilated. This is the most western of the monu- 
ments planted by Mason and Dixon, the rough character of the 
country westward and the absence of roads having prevented them 
from taking wagons beyond this point. 

137. A monument newly set in a large mound of stone built by Mason and 

Dixon in 1767. It stands on the summit of Sideling Hill and on the 
south side of the gap through which the pipe line passes. A very 
rough wagon trail leads to the place, along the crest of the ridge, 
through the woods, fr(»m the road which crosses the hill. This point 



RESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 93 

commands a fine view, both east and west. The monument placed 
here is one of the old Mason and Dixon stones from the Clearspring 
district. 

138. One of the old monuments, placed on the boundary in the open field 

on the western slope of Sideling Hill and near its base. 

139. One of the old Mason and Dixon monuments, placed at the center of a 

large earth mound on the summit of the ridge between Bear Creek 
and Sideling Hill Creek and about two miles west of the summit of 
Sideling Hill. This mound is a short distance south of the house of 
George Hoopengardner. 

140. Part of one of the old Mason and Dixon monuments, on a high ridge 

about one third of a mile west of the mound last mentioned. The 
monument stands on the east side of the road leading northeastward 
from Bellegrove, Md. 

141. Stone monument, placed on the boundary in the valley of Sideling Hill 

Creek. It stands near the line of a fence in the woods on the south 
side of the creek and west of the public road, at Bodine's Ford, where 
the road from Bellegrove, Md., to Barnes Gap, Pa., crosses the creek. 

142. Stone monument placed by the side of the road running northeast and 

southwest along the ridge on the west side of Sideling Hill Creek 
and about three quarters of a mile from the monument at Bodine's 
Ford. 

143. Stone monument by the side of the road leading from Barnes Gap, Pa., 

to Piney Grove, Md., along the base of Town Hill, on its eastern side. 

144. One of the old Mason and Dixon "crown stones," set in the center of a 

large mound of earth on the summit of Town Hill, the first high 
mountain west of Sideling Hill, from which its distance is about 
five and a half miles. This monument stands at the corner of Fulton 
and Bedford counties. Pa. 

145. In open ground on the western slope of Town Hill and near its base, a 

little west of the intersection of the road crossing Town Hill from 
Piney Grove, Md., with the road which follows the western side of 
the hill to Barnes Gap, Pa. 

146. Stone monument on Piney Ridge, about three quarters of a mile from 

the last mentioned monument. 

147. Stone monument on the summit of Green Ridge, about four-tenths of a 

mile from Piney Ridge. This monument stands in thick woods, south 
of the pipe line, and near it were some piles of stones which had 
the appearance of having been erected as boundary marks, but by 
different persons. They did not agree among themselves and were 
so far from Mason and Dixon's line as to preclude the idea that any- 
of them could have been built by those surveyors. 

148. Stone monument in the center of a large mound of earth on Lick Ridge, 

about three quarters of a mile west of Green Ridge. This is a very 
large and well preserved mound, but Lick Ridge is so inconspicuous 



94 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 

an eminence that it seems strange that Mason and Dixon sliould have 
built a mound here rather than on the very prominent Green Ridge, 
so short a distance to the eastward. 

149. Stone monument in thick woods on summit of ridge east of Pifteenmile 

Creek and west of a branch entering it from the northeastward. 
Public roads run through these valleys. This monument is less than 
a mile from the Lick Ridge Mound. 

150. Stone monument in edge of woods and open field on the summit of 

ridge between Fifteenmile Creek and Bear Camp Branch and nearly 
a mile west of the preceding monument. 

151. Stone monument in woods on ridge west of the Bear Camp Branch and 

east of the road which runs northeastward along the eastern base of 
Ragged Mountain. 

152. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of stones on the 

summit of Ragged Mountain, built there by Mason and Dixon in 1767. 
The monument is one of the old Mason and Dixon "crown stones" 
and is the most western of the old monuments now on the boundary. 

153. Stone monument on the summit of Polish Mountain, which is a ridge 

parallel to Ragged Mountain and about half a mile west of it. The 
monument stands near a fence, a little east of the road which runs 
along the ridge. 

154. Stone monument on the east side of Town Creek. The monument stands 

in the fence line on the east side of the byroad which parallels the 
creek. 

155. Stone monument placed at the center of an old mound of stones on the 

southern slope of a mountain called Little Warrior by Mason and 
Dixon, but designated as Iron Ore Ridge on the topographic map of 
the State of Maryland. 

156. Stone monument on the flat ridge about a mile west of the above mound 

and west of the bend of a road leading southwestward to a point on 
Flintstone Creek about three-quarters of a mile north of the village 
of Flintstone, Md. 

157. Stone monument on the summit of a sharper ridge, sometimes called 

Middle Ridge, about three quarters of a mile west of the preceding. 

158. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of stones on the 

crest of the ridge where the boundary crosses what Mason and Dixon 
called the Great Warrior Mountain, now called Tussey Mountain on 
the Maryland Topographic map. This mound was found in rather 
bad condition, having been pulled to pieces by rabbit hunters, but its 
outline was plainly discernible and after the monument had been set 
in place the mound was rebuilt around it. 

159. Stone monument, standing a little south of fence line in a field, open 

except for some bushes, at the foot of Martin Mountain, on its east- 
ern side. The location is a little to the eastward of a farm road, 
which forks here. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 95 

160. Stone monument placed in the center of a mound of earth in fence line 

on the summit of Martin Mountain. 

161. Stone monument by side of road running through Pleasant Valley, 

between Martin and Bvitts Mountains. 

162. Stone monument in large mound of stones on the summit of Evitts 

Mountain, but on the western edge thereof. The mound is in thick 
woods, a little south of the pipe line, from which opening there is a 
fine view east and west. 

163. Stone monument on a narrow ridge northeast of the village of Hazen, 

Md., and a little less than a mile from the mound on Evitts Mountain. 

164. Stone monument, close to the fence on the northwest side of the road 

leading west from Hazen, at the point where it turns to the south- 
westward toward Cumberland. 

165. Stone monument in small mound of stones on Shriver Ridge, about five- 

eighths of a mile west of the preceding monument. This monument 
stands a short distance to the northeastward of the "Centennial 
Church." The mound fell in well with Mason and Dixon's work and 
was evidently authentic, though neither very large nor in very good 
condition. On the next ridge eastward, sometimes called Pine Ridge, 
are some small piles of stones, which, like those on Green Ridge, 
seem to have been built for boundary marks, but neither agree among 
themselves nor with the marks left by Mason and Dixon. One of 
these is apparently the mound noted in the report of the examiners 
for Pennsylvania in 1898 as "No. 144. Small heap of loosely piled 
stones. On Pine Ridge." 

166. Stone monument on the top of a sharp ridge, sometimes called Valley 

Ridge, about midway between Shriver Ridge and Wills Mountain and 
on the west side of the road leading southwestward toward Cum- 
berland. 

167. Stone monument placed at the center of an old mound of stones on the 

summit of Wills Mountain, built by Mason and Dixon in 1767. It is 
a very short distance south of the pipe line. The mountain is densely 
wooded. 

168. Stone monument in an open glade on a spur projecting from the west- 

ern slope of Wills Mountain, about a mile from the summit. Between 
this monument and the summit the slope is very steep for a consid- 
erable distance. 

169. Stone monument in the fence line on the west side of the main road 

leading northward from the village of Bllerslie, Md., in Wills Creek 
valley. The monument stands in front of a small church edifice sup- 
posed to have been so built that the boundary should divide it equally 
between the States, though this was not found to be the case. This 
monument is a "crown stone," made of white marble, being that 
received from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in exchange 
for the old Mason and Dixon monument No. 115, as already explained. 



96 EEPOET OF THE ENGINEEK 

170. Stone monument on the crest of the high wooded ridge nearly a mile 

west of the preceding and about the same distance east of the follow- 
ing monument. 

171. Stone monument placed in a small mound of stones on the eastern slope 

of the Little Allegheny Mountain, said to mark the corner of Bedford 
and Somerset counties. Pa. This mound was found to agree with 
the work of Mason and Dixon. The mountain side is here extremely 
rough and great difficulty was experienced in moving the monument 
to the spot. 

172. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of earth on the 

summit of Little Allegheny Mountain, about three-eighths of a mile 
west of the preceding. 

173. Stone monument near the line fence, on an open spur on the western 

slope of Little Allegheny Mountain, about half way between its crest 
and base. 

174. Stone monument on the east side of the road leading from Barrelville, 

Md., to "Wellersburg, Pa., at its junction with a road running east- 
ward up the mountain. 

175. Stone monument in open field and a little south of the line fence, on 

the low spur about half a mile west of the preceding monument and 
just west of the bend of a road leading across the hills toward Mount 
Savage, Md. 

176. Stone monument near the line fence, on the summit of a moderately 

high hill about a mile west of the preceding monument. This is a 
fine eminence, nearly midway between Little Allegheny and Big 
Savage Mountains and commanding a fine view all around the valley. 
It is rather surprising that Mason and Dixon built no mound upon it, 
but the omission was probably due to the difficulties which they 
encountered in the autumn of 1767. on account of the severe weather. 

177. Stone monument in thick woods on the eastern side of Savage Moun- 

tain, at the foot of the steep slope and nearly midway between the 
summit of the mountain and the preceding monument. 

178. Small stone post, with drill hole in top, marking the point where the 

boundary between Allegany and Garrett counties, Md., as defined by 
the Maryland Geological Survey, intersects the State line. This point 
is between two large rocks on the summit of Big Savage Mountain. 
In the western of these rocks a small hole was drilled, on the State 
boundary. 

179. Stone monument in mound of earth on the western edge of the sum- 

mit of Big Savage Mountain. This mound marked the 169th mile of 
Mason and Dixon's measurement from the "Post mark'd West" or 
approximately the end of the 166th mile from the Initial Monument 
at the northeast corner of Maryland. This is the most eastern of 
these "mile mounds." 

180. Stone monument in thick woods on the low ridge called Little Savage 

Mountain, about half a mile west of the preceding monument. 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 97 

181. Stone monument in earth mound, 167 miles from the Initial Monument. 

This is in the edge of a thicket east of the open fields which extend 
to the road from Finzel, QVld., to Pocahontas, Pa. This mound was in 
good condition. 

182. Stone monument in old mound in a dense pine thicket, one mile west 

of the preceding and 168 miles from the Initial Monument. 

183. Stone monument In old mound standing in low ground south of Big 

Piney Run and 169 miles west of the Initial Monument. 

184. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of stones on 

Piney Ridge, 27 chains west of the preceding, by Mason and Dixon's 
measurement, and near the lumber camp called Blue Jay, Pa. 

185. Stone monument in open ground on the ridge west of the crossing of 

Big Piney Run, where it turns to the southward into Maryland. 

186. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of earth in the 

fence line separating woods south of the boundary from the open 
field north of it. About a mile west of the Blue Jay crossing of Big 
Piney Run. 

187. Stone monument in small mound of earth marking the 175th mile of 

Mason and Dixon's measurement, 172 miles from the Initial Monu- 
ment. It stands on the edge of a byroad which here follows the 
boundary for nearly a mile. 

188. Stone monument in small mound of stones marking Mason and Dixon's 

176th mile, 173 miles west of the Initial Monument. This stands in 
a thicket south of the pipe line, on the rocky hillside east of .the cross- 
ing of Big Piney Run at the point where it finally passes from Mary- 
land to Pennsylvania in its course toward the Castleman River. 

189. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of earth on the 

summit of Meadow Mountain, built by Mason and Dixon in 1767. By 
Mason and Dixon's measure this mound was 176 miles, 46 chains, 
from the "Post mark'd West." 

190. Stone monuments in smaller mound on the west slope of Meadow 

Mountain, marking original mile No. 177, 174 miles from the Initial 
Monument. 

191. Stone monument on Chestnut Ridge, about a mile west of Meadow 

Mountain. 

192. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of earth on the 

farm of T. J. Maust, west of the Chestnut Ridge road. 

193. Stone monument in smaller mound about half a mile farther west. 

This marks the end of Mason and Dixon's 179th mile, about 176 miles 
from the Initial Monument, at the northeastern corner of Maryland. 

194. Stone monument in open field, west of the woods and east of the Jen- 

nings Lumber railroad, which here follows the eastern bank of the 
Castleman River. 



98 UKPOKT OV rilK KNGINEER 

195. Stone momimont plaooil in mound of stone in woods west of the Castle- 
man River. This marks original mile No. 180, 177 miles from the 
Initial Monument. 

19G. Stone monvnnent placed in nunind of earth in maple grove west of the 
road from Niverton. Pa., to Grantsville, Md. This marks original 
mile No. ISl, ITS miles from the Initial Monument. 

197. Stone monument on summit of slight rise of ground on the west side 
of the road leading north from the west end of Grantsville, Md.. 
along the high ridge east of Big Shade Run. Mason and Dixon 
describe a mound on this hill but no trace of it could be identified. 

19S. Stone monument in earth mound marking the end of Mason and Dixon's 
lS3d mile, ISO luiles from the Initial Monument. This stands in 
thick woods, about half a mile west of Big Shade Run and a quarter 
of a mile west of the public road. The pipe line is here a consider- 
able distance north of the boundary. 

199. Stone monument in earth mound one mile west of the preceding and 

on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain, about 17 chains from the 
summit. 

200. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of stones on 

the summit of Negro Mountain. It stands on the south edge of the 
woods and the north edge of an open field, a short distance west of 
the wagon trail which runs along the ridge. By Mason and Dixon's 
measurement this mound was 1S4 miles and 17 chains from the "Post 
mark'd West." 

201. Stone monument by the side of the public road which runs northward 

along the western slope of Negro Mountain, a little more than half a 
mile from the summit. 

202. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of earth on the 

high ridge sometimes called '"Pack Saddle," about a mile and a half 
west of Negro Mountain and next east of Puzzley Run. This is a 
large mound, in fine condition, and is immediately west of the road 
which runs along the ridge. 

203. Stone monument on Keyser Ridge, about half a mile west of the pre 

ceding. 

204 Stone monument placed at the center of the large and finely preserved 
mound of earth on the summit of Bruner Ridge, about a mile and an 
eighth west of Pack Saddle Ridge. 

205. Stone monument placed on the site of a former large earth mound on 
the north side and near the summit of the high hill locally called 
Augustine's Point, about two miles west of Pack Saddle Ridge and the 
same distance ea^t of the village of Oakton. where the boundary 
crosses the National Road. This mound has been almost obliterated 
in the building of a "gate house" for the oil pipe line, which here 
almost grazes the boundary. This hill is on the eastern edge of the 
open ground just jsest of two miles of forest which covers perhaps 



K'KSUKVKY ()|<' MASON DIXON LINK 00 

the most. troubloaoniG piece of country on the whole line, there beinp; 
in that distance three very cioep ravines, witli remarkably sleep and 
slippery sides. 

206. Stone nioiuimont in tlie norlh edne of a i)iece of woods, near a small 

schooUionse about a mile west oi! the preceding monunuMit and a. 
slightly shorter distance east of the National Road. 

207. Stone monument at the creasing of the National Road, at tho village 

of Oakton. 

208. Small mound of atones on the eastern slope of Winding Uidgo, a little 

west of Oakton and near the pipe line. As a monument was placo'l 
at the crossing of the National Road and another on the 'summit of 
the ridge, only 12 chains farther west, it seemed nnnecesaary to put 
one in this mound, which is in a very rough and rather Inacceaaible 
place. 

209. Stone numunuMit placed at tlu> c(Mitor of a large nu)und of eartli and 

stones on the summit of Winding Ridge and a siiort distance south 
of the National Road. 

210. Stone monument placed in the c(Mit(M- of a. small mound of cartb and 

stones on the western alope of Winding Ridge, (iS cluiius from the 
summit. Tliis marks the IDlst mile of Mason and Dixon's measure- 
ment, 188 miles from tlui Initial Monument. 

211. Stone numument at cross roads near (Mnb Run and near the'site of 

Mason and Dixon's original mile post No. li)2. According to informa- 
tion furnished by a resident of the district, this was a mound of 
stones and was extant until a few years ago, when it was destroyed 
by a road-making gang to furnish material for their operations. 

212. Stone monument at the crossing of the road which loads from Addison. 

Pa., to Speelman Mills, Md. About a mile west of the preccMJing 
monument. 

213. Stone monument placed at the center of a large mound of earth in the 

fence line on a flat ridge about half a mile west of the preceding. 

214. Stone monument by the side of the road whi('lv runs north from Spec! 

num Mills and about half a mile east of llie Yougbioglumy River. A 
small mound of broken stone on the slope of tire liill, a little farther 
weat, was pointed out as one of the original nnirks, but it showed ao 
great discrepancies upon comparison with the other moiinds that it 
could not be accepted as authentic. 

215. Stone monument by the side of the road which runs along tlie east side 

of the Yonghiogheny River from Somerfleld, Pa., to Speelman Mills, 
Maryland. 

216. Stone monument on the high ridge west of the Yonghiogheny River, on 

the farm of Mr. D. Umbel. The monument stands in the fence line, 
just west of a wagon trail leading along the ridge. 

217. Small mound of stones, with a good sized tree growing in it, on the 

east side of the road wliicli loads aoutliward from Stuck Hollow, west 
of Reason Run. This marks the IDlith mile of Mason and nixon'a 



100 REPOIi'r Ol' rilK KNtilNlOlOR 

nioiisuiomont. !!);{ milos from the Initial Monument. It was intended 
that a monument should be set in this mound and one was sent here 
for that purpose, but owing to the diflioulties presented by the tree 
with its numerous spreading roots, the assistant who was charged 
with the duty of setting it concluded that it would make too long 
and expensive a job and he therefore placed the monument on the 
next ridge to the westward, where It will be noted under the next 
number. If this had been anticipated, another monument would have 
been located on the high ridge east of the road, as Monuments 216 
and 218 are a little more than a mile apart and are not intervisible. 
It is believed, however, that no serious inconvenience will result. 

2 IS. Stone monument in fence lino on the high bare ridge one-fifth of a 
mile west of the preceding mound, on the farm of Mr. Jeff Guard. 

-'ID. Small mound of stones, with a cherry tree growing in it. in fence line 
one mile west of No. 217. and believed to mark Mason and Dixon's 
197th mile post. 

220. Stone monument on the open ridge about a quarter of a mile west of 

the preceding and an eighth of a mile east of the road leading from 
Markleysburg, Pa., to Asher Glade, Md. The boundary passes through 
a house just west of this point. 

221. Stone monument on the wooded ridge west of Glade Run. about seven- 
4 eighths of a mile west of the preceding monument and nearly a mile 

east of the next one. This is the most western of the new monu- 
ments placed upon the line. 

222. A large granite monument placed upon the line in 1S85 by Commis- 

sioners for the States of rennsylvania and West Virginia and then 
stated to have been set at the center of an old Mason and Dixon 
mound. It bears inscriptions indicating that it marks the corner 
common to the three States, Pennsylvania, Maryland and West Vir- 
ginia, though It seems probable that the corner in question is really 
a little farther west. The monument stands in the north edge of 
woods a short distance west of a gate house of the pipe line. The 
stone has been badly mutilated by vandals. 
2'1[\. Tall slim monument of white granite or sandstone, standing in a fence 
line just east of the road leading from Somerfleld, Pa., to Brandon- 
vUle, W. Va., locally known as the "mud pike." This monument is 
said to have been placed here before the civil war by Lieutenant 
Michler of the United States Army, to mark the northwestern corner 
of Maryland. The stone has been very badly mutilated by vandals, 
no trace of any inscription remaining. 

The above include perhaps all of the monuments upon the boundary 
between the States of Pennsylvania and Maryland, but inasmuch as 
the western boundary of Maryland is understood to be still in con- 
troversy, it may do no harm to describe two existing monuments on 
the Mason and Dixon line, farther west. These were placed in 
existing moundsMu lSSr> by the Commissioners for Pennsylvania and 
West Virginia. 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 101 

224. A short monument of dark granite in the center of an old mound of 

stones about 1,300 feet west of the "mud pike*' and 2^4 miles south- 
west of Markleysburg. Pa. This is probably the mound noted in 
Table XII as 199 miles and 63 chains from the "Post mark'd West," 
and south of the latitude station of August 17, 1767. This monument 
is No. 171 in the list of the examiners of 1898. 

225. A precisely similar monument in the line fence in woods half a mile 

west of Feik Run and a mile and a quarter west of the preceding. 
This was no doubt Mason and Dixon's mile post 201, 198 miles from 
the initial monument. 



102 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER 



NOTE. 



The following plates are photo-reductions of the original plates 
aiitosigned by the Commissioners and filed with the State authorities 
in Maryland and Pennsylvania. The original drawings are retained 
by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

The present plates are published on the scale of five inches to 
the mile or approximately 1000 feet to the inch. Three miles are 
represented on each plate and these should be read, with the page 
held lengthwise, from the upper right to lower left corners of the 
plate. 

The mile posts are numbered from east to west beginning at the 
northeastern corner of Maryland^ 




L_. 



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MAP 

Plates and Monuments 
Mason-Dixon Line 



bestjk^t:t of masox-dixon line 



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RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 




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PLATE XXXV. 







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EESURVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE XXXVni. 



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PLATE XLIII. 



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RESURVEY OP MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE XLVL 







RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE XLVII. 








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PLATE XLVIII. 







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PLATE LL 




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PLATE LII. 









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PLATE LIIL 










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PLATE LIV, 


































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RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINK. 



PLATE LVII. 



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RBSURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LVIII. 




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PLATE LJX. 



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PLATE LX. 



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RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXI. 




RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXII. 



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RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXIII. 



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EESURVEr OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXIV. 






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RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



ID 



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RESURVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLiATE LXVI. 





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RESURVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE, 



PI^TE LXVIII. 




'. 


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RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXIX 




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RESURVBT OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PliATB LXX. 



ID 






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RESURVET OP MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXXI. 






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RESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



PLATE LXXII. 




EESURVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXXIII. 



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PART III 

HISTORY OF THE BOUISTDARY DISPUTE BETWEEN' 

THE BALTIMORES ANT) PENNS RESULTIls^G IK 

THE ORIGIJSTAL MASOK AND DIXON LINE. 

BY 

EDWARD BENNETT MATHEWS 



HISTOKY OF THE BOUi^DAKY DISPUTE BETWEEN THE 

BALTIMOKES AND PEJSTNS EESULTING IN THE 

OKIGINAL MASON AND DIXON LINE. 

BY 

Ed WARD Bennett Mathews.* 



INTKODUCTOEY. 

The questions of title and proprietorship to the borderland of 
Maryland and Pennsylvania were settled to the apparent satisfaction 
of the original owners by the running of the original Mason and 
Dixon Line but the controversies regarding the justice of the final 
decision are still revived, at least in academic circles, and citizens of 
Pennsylvania and Maryland now and then show in discussion some- 
thing of the warmth which led their ancestors to more violent deeds. 
This survival of local feeling makes the unbiased discussion of the 
historic problems appear tame or insufiicient to the partisans on 
either side. The exhaustive study, however, which has been involved 
in the preparation of these pages has clearly shown that neither side 
has been entirely free from sharp practices and that each contestant 
had sufficient grounds to make the solution of the question of 
boundaries appear simple and favorable to himself. 

The problem of determining the relative correctness of the con- 
flicting views is by no means a simple one. Its subsidiary questions 
involve the relative rights of European nations to the American 
continent, the functional scope of different parts of the British 
Government in the seventeenth century and many points of history 
from the early voyages of discovery in the fifteenth century to the 
beginning of the discontent which culminated in the American 
Revolution. 



♦The author was greatly assisted by the notes of Mr. Burchard, who gen- 
erously placed all the information gathered by him in the preparation of the 
Bibliography at the disposal of the writer. 



106 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

Before discussing in detail the various points involved a summary 
statement of the salient points of the ancient controversy is given to 
facilitate the uninitiated in following the tangled web of claims and 
counter-claims put forward by the contestants during the decades of 
attempts to reach a mutually satisfactory settlement. 

Every student of American history readily recalls the facts that 
by right of discovery ITorth America was parcelled out to the 
Spanish, English, and French, and that the Dutch settled on the 
English territory, claiming a right to do so from the so-called dis- 
coveries of Henry Hudson. The Spanish explored the southern 
coast northward to the vicinity of ISTew York, the English the north- 
eastern coast as far south as the mouth of the Chesapeake, while the 
French explored the interior which they gained by ascending the 
St. Lawrence. The explorations of the English preceded the more 
northerly voyages of the Spanish whoso territorial possessions were 
kept below the present state of Georgia. 

The claims of the English to the sea-coast between Kova Scotia 
and Cape Fear were based on the voyages of the Cabots in 149Y-8. 
The territory, lying between latitudes 34° and 45°, was known 
originally as Virginia and was granted in two parts to the London 
and Plymouth and Exeter companies, the dividing line being the 
40th degree of latitude. Later in 1624 the Crown reclaimed the 
territory assigned to the London Company, that is from 34° to 40° 
north latitude, and regranted a northern portion to Lord Baltimore 
in 1632 and a southern portion to the Earl of Clarendon in 1663. 
In the meantime the Swedes and Dutch had settled along the Dela- 
ware and Hudson rivers. The Dutch were originally regarded by 
the English as squatters, and finally the latter successfully asserted 
their claim in 1664, and their whole territory was granted to the 
Duke of York who later became King James II. He in turn 
granted, sold or leased the territory of New Jersey to Berkeley and 
Carteret in 1664, and that of Pennsylvania and Delaware to William 
Penn in 1681 and 1682. The Pennsylvania territory had originally 
been granted to the Plymouth Company in 1606 and later to the 
Plymouth Council for New England in 1620 but had never been 
settled by them. The Delaware territory was originally granted to 

i 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 107 

Lord Baltimore in 1632 but small settlements of Swedes and Dutch 
gained possession of the land before Maryland had grown large 
enough to need it. 

The gradual occupation of all the territory brought up the question 
of boundaries and compelled a careful consideration of the rights of 
the Swedes to Wilmington, the Dutch to the Delaware, the Duke of 
York to the territory, previously granted by his father Charles I to 
Lord Baltimore, and the subsequent rights of William Penn to the 
same territory. The final decisions were made without sufficient 
regard to the actual facts of the case, many of them having been 
overlooked and only subsequently brought to light, and were the 
results of numerous compromises by the proprietors in their attempts 
to reach amicable adjustments of their claims. The carrying out of 
the final decrees involved the interpretation of many obscure points 
regarding localities named, methods of surveying proposed, and the 
meaning of terms employed in the agreements. 

Each contestant used all legitimate, and occasionally rather ques- 
tionable, methods to maintain the integrity of what was supposed to 
be his own. The Penns usually emphasized the supposed intent of 
the grantor while the Baltimores leaned on the letter of the patent 
as modified by later knowledge. The final decision of Lord Hard- 
wicke was based not on the questions usually considered, such as the 
rights conveyed by the grants of Charles I to Baltimore, and of 
Charles II and James II to Penn, but upon whether the Baltimores 
should be compelled to carry out the terms of their agreements of 
1724 and 1732. The major question, so far as it was ever decided, 
was passed upon in 1685 by the Privy Council of James II soon after 
his ascension, when the decision was favorable to the King and 
William Penn. Whatever of debatable character was left to Balti- 
more at this time was yielded in the Agreement of 1732. The 
properties at stake in this controversy were large, involving as they 
did title to DelaAvare and a strip over 15 miles wide along the 
northern border of Maryland, including the sites of Philadelphia, 
Chester, West Chester, York, Hanover, Gettysburg, Waynesboro, 
Chambersburg, and Myersdale. With so much at stake on the part 
of the Proprietors and with all of the holdings of many of their 



108 HISTOEY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

respective adherents, it is not surprising that the statements made in 
the heat of the controversy should be extreme and often acrimonious, 
or unwarranted by the facts. These statements have often been 
quoted by subsequent apologists in support of their respective claims 
and have been given more v^eight than they actually deserve. 

In the following pages the attempt is made to present an impartial 
statement of the facts as they are now knovsm and in the exhaustive 
bibliography which follows are given all the documents and author- 
ities dealing with this classic dispute. Many additional incidents of 
"local color" may be gained from the brief abstracts in the bibliog- 
raphy. 

The Charter of Maryland. 

The circumstances leading to the granting of a charter to the ter- 
ritory of Maryland by Charles I were the result of several incidents 
in the life of Sir George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, who first 
obtained office in Ireland a few years after the accession of James I. 
Because of his ability and character he rose rapidly in power and in 
the esteem of his King until he was appointed Secretary of State in 
1618 and created Baron in 1625. During the year preceding his 
elevation to a barony, because of a change in religious beliefs which 
rendered him somewhat less popular in Court circles. Sir George Cal- 
vert resigned the secretaryship and turned his attention toward the 
establishment of a colony in America. The first I^ord Baltimore's 
interest in colonial affairs and his knowledge of their conditions was 
manifest as early as 1609, when his name is found as a member of 
the Virginia Company of Planters who were interested in the James- 
town settlement. He was still a member ten years later and upon 
the issuance of the quo warranto proclamation which made Virginia 
a royal province, he became a member of the provincial council in 
England. As early as 1620 Sir George Calvert became personally 
interested, by purchase, in a portion of ISTewfoundland, where he sub- 
sequently expended considerable money in an attempt to establish a 
colony to which he received a patent from the King dated April 7, 
1623. It is of interest to note that this patent, issued a decade before 
that of Maryland, contains in its preamble a phraseology similar to 
that of the later document and especially the clause "not yet hus- 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 109 

banded or planted," which became of so much importance in the 
disputes regarding the settlements along the Delaware. 

The spot chosen by Sir George Calvert was not suitable for success- 
ful colonization because of the inclemency of the climate and the 
shortness of the summer. He accordingly became discouraged, and 
after a visit to Virginia asked the King for land in Virginia not 
already granted. At first Lord Baltimore applied for territory "lying 
to the southward of James River in Virginia, between that river and 
the bounds of Carolana," or what is now the southern portion of Vir- 
ginia and the contiguous areas of ISTorth Carolina. Finding that 
the Virginia Planters were opposed to the establishment of another 
colony so near them, and wishing to avoid any diflficulty with the old 
Company which had been reorganized in 1624, his lordship asked His 
Majesty to grant him in lieu thereof some part of the continent to 
the northward. This request was granted, and, according to report. 
Lord Baltimore drew up his new charter himself, following closelj 
that which James I had given to him for Avalon. The grant passed 
the Privy Seal but objections on the part of the old Virginia Com- 
pany caused a delay in its passage of the Great Seal until after the 
death of Lord Baltimore, which occurred April 15, 1632. 

On the death of Lord Baltimore his eldest son, Cecil Calvert, 
became second Lord Baltimore, and to him, as the heir of his f ather^ 
was finally issued on 20 June, 1632, a charter for Maryland. This 
remarkable instrument contained many liberal and unusual priv- 
ileges, and suggests many interesting points respecting the contempo- 
raneous views regarding proprietary rights. The portions which 
figure in the subsequent discussions regarding the territorial rights 
are confined to the first three paragraphs which have been published 
in greater or less detail in almost every discussion dealing with the 
Mason and Dixon line controversy. These are practically the same in 
the charters for Maryland and for Avalon, with the exception of parts 
of the second sections relating directly to the description of the ter- 
ritory granted. One cannot read the two instruments without recog- 
nizing their practical identity and realizing that slight differences in 
phraseology, such as the hactenus inculta clause, were not inserted 
with any specific intent to protect the Dutch along the west shore of 
Delaware River. 



110 



HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 




RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 111 

It was natural that the scattered colonists of Virginia should object 
to the establishment of a new colony, that of Roman Catholics, so 
near to them. One may, indeed, find on record a petition of the 
Planters of Virginia against the grant to Lord Baltimore. This was 
considered and finally discharged by an Order of Council during the 
latter part of June, or July, 1633. Still more serious resistance was 
offered to the development of Lord Baltimore's province by William 
Claiborne and his followers who had established trading posts at Kent 
Island and at Palmer's Island (near Havre de Grace) prior to the 
landing of Governor Leonard Calvert in the spring of 1634. Clai- 
borne's petition of 26 February, 1637-8, complaining of Baltimore's 
alleged encroachments was referred to the Privy Council and led to 
an order issued by that body, or one of its committees, dated 4 April, 
1638, favoring Baltimore's claims. This was subsequently used in 
the petition of August 1734 and in the report of the Board of 
Trade of February 1734/5 and presented by Lord Baltimore as an 
original document in the Penn-Baltimore lawsuits. ( See subsequent 
discussions, pp. 170, 173, 306.) 

SETTLEMENTS UNDER THE CHARTER. 

The Maryland colonists under Leonard Calvert arrived in the 
Chesapeake in the early spring of 1634 and chose for the site of their 
first settlements the shores of the Potomac River, taking possession 
of St. Mary's on the 27 March, 1634. From this central point the 
settlers gradually worked their way up the Potomac and Patuxent 
rivers, and along the western shore of Chesapeake Bay. The 
attempts to cultivate on the Eastern Shore were at first very limited. 
After the decision of 1638 a sheriff was appointed for Kent Island 
where there had grown up a small settlement. It was not, however, 
until the sixth and seventh decades of the seventeenth century, after 
a treaty with the Indians in 1652, that the settlers were sufficiently 
scattered to require the establishment of county courts in more than 
two or three instances. Moreover, the ease of communication along 
the Chesapeake and its estuaries determined the settlement of most 
of the newcomers on lands bordering either side of the Chesapeake 
Bay. For this reason little was done in the way of settlements along 



112 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

the shores of Delaware Bay which had been granted to Lord Balti- 
more as part of the Maryland territory. This lack of activity in 
settlement along the eastern limits of Lord Baltimore's grant was 
fatal to his interests in that region, as the Dutch and Swedes, whose 
sovereign governments had gained no territorial rights by the discov- 
eries made during the first quarter of the sixteenth century, seized 
upon this river as a favorable spot for establishing colonies of their 
own. 

Settlements on the Delaware. 

•rt. 

The title to lands in America among the early settlers was usually 
based on the rights accruing to the Crown through discovery, which 
passed either directly, or through some company or proprietary, to 
the possessor. At times, however, the title was derived by purchase, 
or otherwise, from the original Indian owners, passing thence 
directly or indirectly to the possessor of the land. According to the 
view of Chief Justice Marshall, as given in one of his decisions 
relating to lands in the middle West, the somewhat predatory title 
of the discoverer is held to take precedence over that of purchase from 
the Indian, In the early part of the seventeenth century it was quite 
natural for the English and Spanish, who held all the rights of 
discovery, to regard the Indian titles as of little or no account ; while 
the other continental powers were equally inclined to act upon the 
assumption that Indian titles were sufficient claims to territ<)ry in 
which they had the established settlements. The practical outcome 
of such differences in views regarding the origin of land titles is 
well illustrated in the various incidents relating to the settlements 
of the English, Swedes, and Dutch along the Delaware Kiver. The 
English claimed control of this territory on the grounds that Cabot 
had skirted the coast in 1497 ; the Dutch claimed the right of settle- 
ment under the voyages of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who, 
under the auspices of the Dutch East India Company, entered 
Delaware Bay, and subsequently explored the Hudson River in 1609. 
The Dutch, moreover, fortified their claims by the purchase from the 
Indians, made by Godin and Bloommaert, of land on the south side 
of Delaware River from Cape Henlopen to the southward. The 
Swedish settlers entered upon the territory about Christina (now 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 113 

Wilmington) having no claim whatever under any recognized 
international Islw. 

DUTCH SETTLEMENTS. 

Prior to the beginning of the seventeenth century the Hollanders 
had been too much engrossed with their conflicts with Spain to have 
any energy left to explore the American continent. It is claimed, 
however, though the claim is not well established, that the Greenland 
Company, organized about 1596, made a voyage to the ISTorth 
[Hudson] and South [Delaware] rivers in 1596 and that these 
voyages were in the nature of discoveries of unknown lands. A 
decade later Henry Hudson, an Englishman under the auspices of 
the Amsterdam Chamber of the Dutch East India Company, sailed 
from Amsterdam in his ship the Half Moon on April 4, 1609. On 
the 12th of August in the same year he was off the Chesapeake, and 
on the 28th of the same month he entered Delaware Bay. Here he 
found the navigation difficult, and sailed northward, entering the 
river which bears his name on the 4th of September, remaining there 
until the 4th of the succeeding month. The explorations made by 
Hudson have always been claimed by the Dutch as discoveries. They 
have argued that this portion of the Atlantic coast was unknown until 
his voyage was made. A study, however, of the better maps of the 
period shows that something was already known of the existence of 
Delaware Bay, and also of the Hudson itself, and that Captain 
Hudson was himself familiar with the main facts. It is, moreover, 
very evident from the diplomatic correspondence between England 
and the States General of Holland that the English never recognized 
any basis for the Dutch claims. Writing from Holland February 5, 
1621/2, the English minister to the Hague, after making inquiries of 
various Amsterdam merchants, the Prince of Orange, and some of 
the delegates to the States General, said : "I cannot learne of anie 
Colonie eyther already planted there by these people, or so much as 
intended, etc." This letter probably passed through Lord Balti- 
more's hands as he was Secretary of State at the time. Seven years 
earlier than this, in 1614, deputies from the United Companies had 
requested from their government the right to trade for three years 
(1615-1618) between 40° and 45° on the grounds of discovery, which 



114: UISTOBY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

request was granted by the N'ineteen on the 11th of October, 1614. 
Even on the 28th of September, 1621, the same year that the British 
minister had received the disclaimers of the Dutch officials, the States 
General granted the right to trade and settle on account of discovery 
between 38° and 45°. 

It is also interesting to note in this connection the position of 
Charles I, the grantor of Lord Baltimore's charter, concerning the 
rights of the Dutch to lands along the Delaware the very year that 
the Maryland charter was granted. A Dutch vessel returning from 
Virginia touched at Plymouth and was seized by the English for 
unlawfully trading in English territory. Thereupon the Dutch 
ambassadors in England filed a protest claiming that the vessel had 
a right to trade in Virginia on account of the Articles of the Fifteen 
Years Union and the concessions of freedom granted to the West 
India Company. Moreover it was claimed that, as the English had 
no posts between l^ew England and Virginia, the Dutch had a perfect 
right there. Charles I replied that on the complaint of his father, 
James I, in 1621 their High Mightinesses had repudiated any claims 
to American settlement and had interdicted the Dutch from trading 
in those parts. From the position thus taken the inference that the 
clause ''hitherto uncultivated" in the preamble of the Maryland 
charter was inserted to protect the Dutch rights is extreme. This 
view, however, was brought forward successfully by the Penns in the 
hearings of 1683-85, and occasionally in the documents of the famous 
Chancery suit a half century later. 

It is likewise interesting in this connection to recall the words of 
James II, who, as the Duke of York, received the Dutch possessions 
in America and granted the Delaware portion of the same to William 
Penn, as he writes in his secret autobiography : ''The Dutch, during 
the Civil wars in England, had encroached on the English trade ; . . . . 
Sometime after, the king gave the duke a patent for Long Island, in 
the West Indies, and a tract of Land between ISTew England and 
Maryland, which always belonged to the crown of England, since 
first discovered; and upon which the Dutch had encroached during 
the rebellion." 



EESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXOlsr LINE 115 

The activity of the Dutch, and the unfortunate attempts at coloni- 
zation of the English along the 'New England coast, stimulated the 
settlement of the territory north of Virginia by the Hollanders who 
had already established trading posts on the island of Manhattan in 
1614, and built a small boat near the mouth of Long Island Sound 
the same 3'^ear, the latter forming one of the fleet which in 1616 was 
used by Hendrickson to explore the Delaware River as far up as the 
present site of Philadelphia. Between 1616 and 1620 there were 
many minor conflicts between rival Dutch claimants to lands in 
America in their attempts to gain from the States General either a 
monopoly of the trade, or the control of the territory. These were 
finally settled in 1621 by the establishnient of the Dutch West India 
Company to which was given the right to trade between the latitudes 
38° and 45°, or between E'ew France and Virginia. Representatives 
of the Company under the command of Cornelius Mey built Eort 
Nassau, about 4 miles below Philadelphia, on the New Jersey side, 
in 1623/4. For a few years the trade was good but by 1628 it was 
deemed prudent to abandon the few stations on the South or Delaware 
River and the colonists were accordingly removed to the more 
successful settlement at the mouth of the Hudson. 

In 1629 Samuel Godin and Samuel Bloommaert obtained a grant 
of land from the Assembly of Nineteen on the west side of the 
Delaware River, which extended northward about thirty-two miles 
from Cape Henlopen. Title of the land was also obtained by pur- 
chase from the Indians. After many mishaps a small colony under 
Peter Heyes reached the Delaware in April, 1631 and a settlement 
was made on the Whorekill, now Lewes Creek, in Sussex County, 
which received the name of Swaanendael. This settlement was 
unsuccessful and the inhabitants were all massacred by the Indians 
and the colony destroyed the same year. A second attempt, however, 
was made in 1632 by De Vries who arrived at the South or Delaware 
River on the 5th of December, 1632. After regaining the good will 
of the Indians, and making a visit to Virginia, where Governor 
Harvey denied the rights of the Dutch to make settlement on the 
Delaware, the region was again abandoned because of an unprofitable 
season in fishing and whaling. Thus at the very time when the 



116 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

Maryland grant was issued, and a little later, when the first settlers 
landed on Maryland soil, there were no European colonists on the 
shores of the Delaware. 

SWEDISH SETTLEMENTS. 

The growing stability and increasing strength of the English, 
French, and Dutch colonies in America stimulated Sweden towards 
gaining a share in the 'New World by the establishment of colonies 
there. There was no part of the American coast claimed by the 
Swedes by right of discovery, but that did not deter their King, 
Gustavus Adolphus, from issuing charters to the Australian and Ship 
Companies for the purpose "f stimulating colonization. These two 
companies united in 1630 to form the South Company. Campa- 
narius, a grandson of one of the early Swedish settlers, writing nearly 
a century later, claimed that Charles I of England had renounced 
all title to the territory of New Sweden, and that this article of 
cession was among the documents destroyed by the fire in the Royal 
Archives in Stockholm in 1697 but Sprinchorn in 18 Y8 was unable 
to find any evidence of this in the public papers, although the state- 
ment is made in more than one contemporaneous writing. There 
are, moreover, no evidences of such a grant known among the English 
papers. The title of the Swedes, therefore, rests on Indian titles and 
on possession of unoccupied territory claimed by both the Dutch and 
the English. 

Campanarius is also responsible for the incorrect statement that 
the Swedes settled on the Delaware as early as 1631. In this error 
he has been followed by such later historians and annalists as 
Cronholm, Sprinchorn, Smith, Proud, Holmes and Du Ponceau. 

The first of the ten expeditions from Sweden to the Delaware 
region landed at Paradise Point, near the mouth of Murderkill 
Creek, about 10 miles southeast of Dover, Delaware, in March, 
1637/8. On the 29th of the same month their leader, Peter Minuet 
purchased from the Five Chiefs of the Minquas the territory on the 
west shore of the Delaware from Borntiens TJdden (mouth of Duck 
Creek near Bombay Hook), northward to the Schuylkill, no limits 
being assigned towards the iA;erior. 



EESUEVEY OF MASOH-DlXON LlNE 11^ 

Before July Minuet had sent one of his sloops to the English in 
Virginia, and to the Dutch at Fort ISTassau, and by representatives 
of both countries had been regarded as an interloper without terri- 
torial rights. On his departure he left in the new settlement only 
23 men. These were re-inforced by immigrants from the expeditions 
in 1640, 1641, 1643, 1644, 1646, 1647, 1653, and 1656. At no 
time during the period of Swedish ascendency does the colony appear 
to have numbered more than 200 souls. 

At first the relations between the Swedes and the Dutch were out- 
wardly friendly, probably on account of the number of Hollanders 
interested in the expeditions of 1638 and 1640. The natural jeal- 
ousies, stimulated by the struggles between the Dutch Commissary 
Hudde and the Swedish Governor Printz for control of the trade of 
the Delaware, resulted finally in an open break in 1646. These out- 
breaks culminated, after the arrival of Governor Stuyvesant at Man- 
hattan in 164Y, in his attack on the Swedes along the Delaware in 
1651. At that time the Dutch erected Fort Casimir at ISTewcastle 
and finally abandoned old Fort Kassau which had been established 
in 1623, prior to the arrival of the Swedes. Two years later, in 
1653, the Swedes, under the leadership of Governor Kising, captured 
Fort Casimir and so enraged the Dutch of ISTew l^etherlands that they 
attacked the Swedes in force in 1655. The former recaptured Fort 
Casimir and attacked the principal settlement of the Swedes at Fort 
Christina which was besieged and captured in September, 1655. 
This marked the end of the colonization of 'New Sweden under the 
authority of Sweden. Later unsuccessful attempts were made by 
the home government to gain damages from the Dutch and English 
governments. The Swedish settlers ultimately become merged with 
those of English and Dutch descent. 

The Fikst Coistflict. 

The subjugation of the Swedes by the Dutch centralized the 
interest in the possession of the Delaware and the Dutch grew appre- 
hensive lest the English should successfully lay claim to the territory. 
The council of IsTew Amstel in June, 1659, desired to communicate 
with Governor Fendall, but so little was the intercourse between 



118 



HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 



neighboring settlements that the councillors were ignorant of his 
name and address and were forced to send their messengers to Colonel 
Utie. Soon after, the Colonel received orders from the Maryland 
Council, dated August 3, 1659, by which he was to "repair to the 
pretended governor of a people seated in Delaware Bay, within his 
lordship's province, without notice given to his lordship's lieutenant 
here, and to require them to depart the province." Governor Fendall 
at the same time wrote to "the commander of the people in Delaware 
Bay," evidently in ignorance of Governor Alrick's name, to the effect 
that he could by no means own, or acknowledge, any other for 
governor over the territory lying between 38° and 40° north latitude, 
and threatened to use his utmost endeavor to reduce them all to due 
obedience. Colonel Utie took advantage of his instructions and left 
a great impression upon the local inhabitants, telling them to declare 
themselves subjects of Lord Baltimore, and warning them that if they 
hesitated he would not be responsible for the innocent blood which 
might be shed. Upon receipt of Colonel Utie's communications 
protests were filed by the local governor and council who regarded 
themselves powerless and in duty bound to refer the case to Governor 
Stuyvesant. This doughty warrior replied at once, censuring the 
governor for his subjection to Colonel Utie and appointing a trusty 
commander for the re-inforcements of the militia on South [Dela- 
ware] River. A week later Augustine Herrman and Resolved 
Waldron, representing Governor Stuyvesant, started on an embassage 
to the government of Maryland to demand reparation for Colonel 
Utie's actions and the return of such colonists as had fled in fear to 
the Maryland government. 

The ambassadors, after a somewhat troublesome trip through the 
woods of the Eastern Shore and down the Bay in a leaky boat, 
arrived at Patuxent on October 6. On the following day they 
entered into diplomatic correspondence, which resulted in a meeting 
on the 16th with Governor Fendall, Secretary Calvert, and others. 
At a private interview later with the Governor^ Lord Baltimore's 
patent was shown the ambassadors, who were allowed to make ex- 
tracts from it. When, however. Governor Fendall requested them to 
produce their charter they ^declined to do so, but promised to show 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 




Smith's Ma 



PLATE LXXIV. 




)8 (Reduced). 



REStrHVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 119 

it at a future meeting. Conferences continued until the 20th of 
the month, when Herrman started for Virginia, and Waldron 
returned to the Dutch on the Delaware. 

Among the propositions presented by these ambassadors was one 
suggesting that a commission of six, three from each side, meet at 
some point midway between the Chesapeake and the Delaware, near 
the head of the Sassafras Kiver, and there settle the bounds and 
limits between Maryland and the ISTew ISTetherlands. Each side 
claimed complete title to the territory which they possessed. Lord 
Baltimore claiming his from the English crown, the Dutch by their 
grant from the States General of the United Provinces. The English 
claim was then based upon the discoveries of Sir Walter Raleigh, 
while the Dutch fortified the right of granting by the States General 
on the ground that they had received territorial rights in America 
from the Spanish. The ambassadors also emphasized the peculiar 
clause in the original grant to the Virginia Company by which the 
settlements made by the Southern, or London Company, and the 
northern, or Plymouth and Exeter Company, were not to be made 
within one hundred miles of any prior settlement of the other. 
According to the Dutch ambassadors this meant that there lay 
between these areas an unclaimed territory to which they were 
entitled by the supposed discoveries of Hudson, Indian purchases, 
and rights by discovery inherited from the Spanish. 

All of these arguments appear time and again in subsequent dis- 
cussions as the followers of Penn endeavored to gain the title to the 
lands along the west bank of the Delaware ; but the most important 
and most fatal exception filed against Lord Baltimore's claim by the 
Dutch ambassadors was that which cited the clause hactenus inculta, ' 
part of the preamble of the Maryland charter. Ambassador 
Herrman quickly saw the possibilities lying in this clause, and 
immediately suggested at his conference with the Governor that this 
must have been introduced to protect the rights of the few Dutch 
and Swedish colonists who had settled along the Delaware. Neither 
side recalled the demands of the English and the disclaimers of the 
Dutch in 1621, or the complaints of the Dutch and the firm position 
of Charles I in 1632, when the English at Plymouth seized a Dutch 



120 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

trader returning from Virginia. Even Charles, nephew of Cecil, 
Lord Baltimore, who appears to have been in America at this time, 
seems to have lost sight of the constantly recurring clause found in 
Lord Baltimore's charter of Avalon, his petition for a grant farther 
south, and in his earlier charter to a portion of the Virginia territory. 
At least no records have come down to us showing that these were 
produced in opposition to the position assumed by the ambassadors. 

The presence of the Dutch ambassadors before the governor and 
council of Maryland, with their serious attack upon the integrity of 
Lord Baltimore's charter, quickly aroused to action all interested in 
his Lordship's claims. The Governor and Council immediately 
wrote to Stuyvesant claiming that Lord Baltimore was the sole and 
absolute lord and proprietary of the territory described in his charter 
of 1632, and protesting against the intrusion of the Dutch, or any 
others, within their bounds and confines. The equally serious attack 
on the claims of the Dutch was reported by Governor Stuyvesant to 
the Dutch West India Company, who replied to him on the 9th of 
March, 1660, that if the Marylanders made trouble they must be 
dislodged from the Delaware territory. Lord Baltimore on his 
return from London (July 24, 1660) instructed his agent. Captain 
James locale, who was then in Holland, to protest and to demand 
the surrender of the land on the Delaware if the Dutch did not admit 
Lord Baltimore's right thereto. On the first of September following, 
the representatives of the Council of ISTineteen had an interview with 
Captain !N^eale, asserted their right of possession under a grant from 
the States General and the peaceful possession undisturbed by any 
complaints by Lord Baltimore for a term of years. 

In America the aroused activities of the Marylanders in southern 
Maryland caused the abandonment of the exposed settlement on the 
Whorekill, and the strengthening of the stronger base at !N'ew Amstel, 
or !Rewcastle. The persistence of the Dutch, on the other hand, 
stimulated the Marylanders to examine more carefully whether or 
not !^rew Amstel lay to the north or south of their northern limit of 
40°. The Dutch themselves, according to a deposition of Van 
Sweringen, secretary of the council, regarded the latitude 40° as lying 



EESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 121 

above the Schuylkill and consequently north of New Amste? 
(Newcastle). 

Lest his charter might be wrongly interpreted on account of the 
presence of the Dutch along the Delaware Lord Baltimore petitioned 
for a confirmation of his charter, which was granted by Charles I] 
in 1661. 

The aggressive activity of the Dutch to extend the possessions o"*^ 
the Netherlanders at the expense of the English, was not limited to 
the banks of the Delaware. Similar struggles were taking place in the 
valley of the Connecticut where the conflict was even more intense. 
Charles II, with his natural distaste for the Dutch aroused by their 
aggressions upon his subjects in America and their struggle for 
commercial control, determined to test by force the Dutch claims to 
the choicest part of his possessions in the colonies. Accordingly on 
the 12th of March, 1663/4, he granted to his brother James, Duke of 
York and Albany, subsequently James II, all the land extending 
from the west bank of the Connecticut on the east, to the eastern 
shore of the Delaware on the west. The Duke of York, as Lord 
High Admiral, immediately made a naval attack to enforce his 
patent. On the 8th of September Fort Amsterdam surrendered and 
the town of New" Amsterdam became New York. Toward the latter 
part of the month the same forces arrived before the fortifications at 
New Amstel, which was at length reduced, and the town rechristened 
Newcastle. These acts of hostility were always regarded by the 
Dutch as treacherous and discreditable to the English, so that 
although the treaty of Breda, entered into July 21, 1667, ceded their 
North American claims to England, they readily seized the oppor- 
tunity of disturbances in England to retake New Netherland in 16Y3. 
Their success, however, was but as a flash in the pan, for without 
re-inforcements the New Netherlanders were obliged in February, 
1674, to surrender to the English by the treaty of Westminster all 
territory held by England on May 10, 1667. 

Lest the temporary successes of the Dutch might invalidate the 
title of James, Duke of York, and those who had received lands from 
him, Charles II on June 29, 1674, regranted the original territory 
to his brother, and on the last day of October of the same year 



122 HISTORY OF THE BOUNBARY DISPUTE 

Colonel Edmund Andros received in person the surrender of the 
Dutch settlements in America, and became governor of 'New York. 

The progress of events from 1660 to 1682 led to a curious and, 
for Lord Baltimore, a disastrous encroachment upon the Maryland 
rights. When in 1667 the Dutch ceded their possessions to the 
English, they either returned vs^hat they had never owned (a view in 
accord with the English claims of rights by discovery, through the 
Cabots, for all the territory between the St. Lawrence and the 
Savannah), or they conveyed to the English crown for the first time 
rights and titles to lands possessed by the Dutch at the time of 
cession. The latter form of the matter has never been urged with 
great force, but appears occasionally in the attempts to substantiate 
the claims of James, Duke of York, to the territory of Delaware 
River. The princely gift of his brother in 1662 conveyed to him 
land only to the east bank of the Delaware. The territory on the 
west bank, between parallels 38° and 40° either lay in the Dutch 
possessors or in the grant of Maryland to Lord Baltimore, according 
to the views held regarding the validity of the Dutch claims based 
upon Hudson's discoveries, and the intent of the inculta phrase in the 
Maryland charter. 

It has already been shown that the English themselves held to the 
falsity of the Dutch claims for any territory by right of discovery, 
and one at this late date is forced to interpret the incidents from 
this viewpoint. This brings one to the position that all title which 
the English crown had to the west bank of the Delaware, within the 
proscribed limits, depends upon the limiting clause which was sup- 
posed to have been inserted by the English crown in favor of the 
few Dutch traders who had been massacred after a sojourn of a few 
months at Swaneendale. This, by the conquest of the Dutch, would 
have been given by inference to the foreign settlement and subse- 
quently recovered by their cession in 1667. 

Whatever the shade of view held may have been, the previous 
inactivity of Lord Baltimore's followers along the eastern side of his 
territory lost for him what is now Delaware. After the arrival of 
the Dutch embassy in 1659 a number of attempts were made to 
establish English settlements under Lord Baltimore's allegiance along 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



123 



the seaboard side of Maryland. Instructions were given by Cecil, 
Lord Baltimore, to this effect in 1665, and these instructions were 
repeated with greater emphasis in 1669 when surveyors were 
instructed to survey all of the land mentioned in his patent along 
the seaboard side of Delaware, and inducements were offered for the 
settlement of this territory. Additional surveyors were appointed, 
new counties erected, and inducements for settlements were made 
retro-active, in the eager efforts of the Marylanders to assert their 
claims and forestall any further expansion of their neighbors. On 
the 26th of N'ovember, 1669, Jerome White, surveyor general of 
Maryland, after making surveys of part of this seaboard side, wrote 




Fig. 4. Map showing extent of settlement when charter of Pennsylvania 
was granted. Settled areas shaded. 

to Colonel Francis Lovelace, governor of ITew York, informing him 
that he had found N"ewcastle to lie at 39° 30" north latitude, or 30" 
south of the northern bounds laid down in the Maryland patent. He 
accordingly made the claim, in behalf of Lord Baltimore, to New- 
castle and the adjacent territory from the bounds of Virginia to the 
40th degree. Governor Lovelace, however, continued to grant deeds 
to land on the west side of the Delaware river, acting as agent of 
the Duke of York. According to a note found on a manuscript in 



124 HISTORY OF THK BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

the Calvert Papers relating to the purchase of land along the Dela- 
ware Eiver from the Indians, the New York authorities expected 
orders to surrender I^e\ve:istle town and the two settlements below 
the line of 40* to Maryland. 

Advent of AYilliam Penn. 

The subjugation of the Dutch and the tiual possession of the terri- 
tory bv tbe English led to the settlement of Englishmen along the 
coast of New Jersey, and the territory soon became a prosperous 
colony. On the west, along the Delaware Kiver, the inhabitants 
were in large measure Quakers who had settled in the vicinity of 
Salem about 1GT5 when Lord Berkeley sold his half of New Jersey. 
A year later, through tinancial diihculties of the owner, the land was 
transferred to three trustees of whom the first was William Penn. 
For four vears he was active in the settlements on the Jersey side, 
and became familiar with the territory, and interested in coloni- 
zation, until in the spring of 16S0 he decided to become a proprietor 
in his own right. He asked that in consideration of debts due to 
him. or his father, the Crown grant him letters patent for a tract 
of land in America lying north of ^NLaryland. The petition was 
immediately referred, on the first of June, IGSO, to the Oommittee 
of Trade and Plantations, who ordered on the 14th instant that copies 
of his petition be sent to Sir John Worden in behalf of his Eoyal 
Highness, and unto the agents of Lord Baltimore, to the end that 
they may report how far the pretentions of ^Ir. Penn may consist 
with the Boundaries of Maryland, or the Duke's propriety of New 
York and his possessions in those parts. Eleven days later the 
Council considered the letters from the represtiitatives of the Duke 
and Lord Baltimore, and ^[r. Penn at the time agived that Susque- 
hanna Fort should be the bounds of Lord Baltimore's province. 
Charles. Lord Baltimore, at the time was in America, while William 
Penn, in close touch with the powerful Duke of York, was present 
in person at the hearings of the Committee. Either through ignor- 
ance or intent, William Penn's charter omitted the clause about 
S\isquehanna Fort and contained several clauses which were ambig- 
\io\is, and opened the way for difierences of interpretation as to their 



RlfiSURVKY OK MASON-DIXOJST LINE 125 

inoniiiiig \vi(,li roapoci, to llio liuiila of Miirylniul. Tlio ro<j;i()M uiulor 
(lisduaaion wiia in «i;ro5il; iiioiisnro a wildcn-iu^ss, but, Uu'(mj>;li tho onorgy 
of Lord Bnlfciiiioro August, iiio II(M'i-iu;ui liiul |)r(H)!U'(Ml nii ox(!ollont. 
ninp of Mnryljiml, aiui n ('op.y of i\ns, which liad Ihhmi priiilod and 
dial.ribulod in l<]ii<>'laiul in :1()74, had boon (ilod by IjOhI Balt.imoro 
wilh ilio Privy (\>iiiioil in March, 1GY8. Tho conlirnialion of Lord 
Haltinioro's cliarlcM- in 1661, just prior (,o iJio gran ling of hii\(ls to 
tho Duko of York and tlie al;liaok upon tho Dutch, and tlio proacnico 
of Ilcrrnian'a mnp in tho archivos of tho L*rivy (lonncil ivs a record 
of Lord Baltiuioro^s boundarioa, roally loft littlo honest grounds for 
ignorance. 'J'ho territory about Newcastle reserved to the L)uke of 
York, and anbaoqnontly ac(]nirod by William Ponn from hini, had 
always boon claimed as Knglish territory, both in the diplomatic 
correspondence of (Charles II, and the private autobiography of the 
Duke of York, nnd had been shown by tho observation of Joronio 
White in KHIi) to bo nnmy niilos aonth of th(^ nortlun'n limits of 
Maryland. Moreover, tho Dnko of York had been granted only to 
the eastern shore of the Delaware. Since the conquest of the Dutcli, 
however, tho Dnko of York's representatives, to the discomfort of tho 
Marylandora, had nuiintjiined control over tho area. It surely wns 
not private policy for tho nu>nd)eivs of the l*rlvy Oonncil to antngonize 
the heir apparent, who wiia ao aoon to become their king, especially 
as this gentleman was not over-careful in the meana which he 
employed to accomplish his ends. 

Lord Haltimoro was notiiied of tho granting of the Pennsylvania 
charter on the 'Jd of April, KJSI, iiiid it waa then suggested to him 
that ho jippoint one or more to act with agents of William Penn in 
making "a true division and separation of the said Provinces of 
Maryland and Pennsylvania, according to the bounds and degrees of 
Northern Latitude expressed in our said Letters Patents by settling 
and fixing certain Lnnd Marks whoi-o they shall appear to border 
upon each other." 



126 history of the boundary dispute 

Conference Between Lord Baltimore and Governor Markham. 

The orders received from the king by Lord Baltimore and Mr. 
Penn to the effect that thej should immediately take steps to define 
the boundary between their properties were faithfully observed, at 
least so far as the inception of conferences leading toward the desired 
end. William Penn at once issued instructions to his kinsman, 
William Markham, and accompanied them with a letter of introduc- 
tion to Lord Baltimore, which was to be presented upon Markham's 
arrival in America. Following out his instructions, the deputy 
governor (Markham) paid a visit to Lord Baltimore at his Patuxent 
home in August, (1681). While here Governor Markham was ill 
and for three weeks was carefully tended by Lord Baltimore and 
his attendants. The illness of one of the conferees forbade any satis- 
factory discussion of the work in hand, so that on his departure 
Governor Markham agreed to meet Lord Baltimore at ITewcastle on 
the 16th of the October following; in the meantime he was to obtain 
from Colonel Morris of ISTew York a satisfactory instrument for 
determining the latitude. On the 25th of September, Markham 
informed Lord Baltimore that he had been delayed on account of 
liis journey up the Chesapeake, and asked for a postponement of the 
conference until the 26th of October. A few days later he sent word 
to Lord Baltimore that his illness would still further delay their 
joint work. The season was advancing, and Lord Baltimore on the 
10th of October wrote to Governor Markham expressing his fear 
that the work could not be done then on account of the possible costs, 
but that he regarded the delay as due to Markham, rather than to 
himself. 

There seems to have been a little misunderstanding, due doubtless 
to the length of time taken for the transmission of letters from the 
two settlements, and there was, apparently, the growing suspicion on 
both sides that the other contestant desired delay. The feeling of 
resentment was also more fully aroused by the unwarranted presump- 
tion on the part of William Penn when he wrote, on the 16th of 
September, to several of Lord Baltimore's most influential citizens in 
Cecil and Baltimore counties, assuring them that the}' were residents 

% 



I 



EESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 127 

of Pennsylvania, and that they should not pay taxes in Maryland. 
This letter was written before any conferences had taken place and 
at a time when the conferees were making their first attempts to get 
together. Its appearance among the Marylanders changed the entire 
aspect of the question, and aroused the suspicion that William Penn 
was willing to go to great lengths in order to increase his holdings in 
America. Prom the fall of 1681 begins the series of mutual recrimi- 
nations which mark the entire boundary controversy, lasting for 
nearly a century, and evident even now among partisan members of 
the States of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Prom this point to the 
close, the records become partisan with skillful omissions of essential 
details, or artful warpings of the actual facts, which obscure the 
truth and relative culpability of the contestants. 

With the opening of the spring of 1682 Markham wrote to Balti- 
more on the 17th of March suggesting a meeting. This letter was 
not answered until the 14th of May, and the answer was not received 
by Markham until the 22d of that month. Such delay seemed 
inexcusable to Markham and still further increased the feeling of 
ill will toward his southern neighbor. There were, however, good 
reasons why the letter had not been answered. Baltimore's hands 
had been full of domestic affairs at home. The Maryland Assembly 
had been in session, it was the time of the trial of Governor Pendall 
and his associates, there were open rumors of an armed attack by 
300 to 500 men from Virginia, while the Marylanders along the 
northern border had been aroused to a state of insurrection by the 
ill-timed letter of William Penn. On the other hand, the arrival of 
Lord Baltimore's letter nominating the 10th of June, and Augustine 
Herrman's plantation, as the time and place, for the next conference, 
were equally inopportune for Governor Markham, who had negotia- 
tions with the Indians, a trip to 'New York, and the procuring of 
instruments to accomplish, before he could take up the matter of the 
boundaries. It is at this point that we have the first directly contra- 
dictory pair of statements by representatives of either side. In their 
respective statements Lord Baltimore states that Markham clearly 
and frankly said he would be at the conference, while Governor 
Markham says that he wrote Lord Baltimore that he could not be 



128 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

present. The letter itself is no longer extant. Whatever its contents 
may have been, Lord Baltimore, unable to go himself on account of 
troubles with Virginia, sent a commission consisting of John Arnold 
and others to Augustine Herrman to meet Captain Markham or 
other commissioners for Pennsylvania. A letter to this effect, dated 
June 1, was sent to Governor Markham, and this in turn was followed 
by a letter dated the 5th of June, replying to that of Markham of the 
26th ultimo, stating that the gentlemen had already been dispatched, 
and expressing an unwillingness to postpone further the matter. The 
Commissioners likewise wrote a letter to Governor Markham on 
June 10. The Governor at that time was absent in ITew York, and 
the letters which should have reached him one by one were received 
by him at the same time. He immediately procured Colonel Morris* 
sextant, shipping it direct to ITewcastle by water, while he returned 
by land. In the meantime, the Maryland commissioners, having 
waited at Bohemia Manor from the 10th to the 17th of June, during 
which time they had taken several observations showing the latitude 
of the place to be 39° 45' (which is really 39° 30'), decided, as they 
had a curiosity to see Newcastle, to visit that point. While they 
were there, they persuaded the captain of the sloop which brought 
down the sextant from ISTew York, to allow them to use the instrument 
for determining the latitude of I*Tewcastle. This was done on the 
2Yth of June and they found the latitude to be 39° and 40 odd min- 
utes (39° 40'). It was now nearly three weeks since the Maryland 
commissioners had sent their communications to Governor Markham, 
and, so far as the evidence shows, they had heard nothing from him 
beyond the evidence conveyed by the presence of the instrument at 
IsTewcastle. They had made determinations satisfactory to their 
proprietor, though really understanding his rights, and apparently 
thought they might as well go home. This they accordingly did. 
This was unfortunate for the settlement of the controversy, for Gov- 
ernor Markham arrived at ISTewcastle the evening of their departure 
and the next morning sent Mr. Haige to Bohemia Manor, in an 
unsuccessful attempt to overtake the commissioners. After Governor 
Markham's exertions in !N'ew York he was chagrined to find the com- 
missioners gone. Moreover, the results of the observations made by 



KESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 129 

them, whicli were probably known, were not such as to increase the 
kindly feeling in his mind toward the Commissioners whom he 
thought guilty of knavery in using the instrument which he had sent 
down from New York. A week or more later. Governor Markham 
wrote a letter to Lord Baltimore explaining his absence upon the 
meetings of the commission, and expressing his surprise at their 
appointment. On the 14th of July Lord Baltimore wrote to Gov- 
ernor Markham suggesting that they meet in September at Augustine 
Herrman's. On the 19th of the month Lord Baltimore arrived at 
Elk River and sent a letter to Governor Markham, which he followed 
up the next day with a second letter. From here Lord Baltimore went 
to E'ewcastle with a retinue estimated by Baltimore to be 20, and by 
Markham to be over 40, where they remained until the 23d. Balti- 
more, then hearing that Markham had left for Burlington, "New Jer- 
sey, upon receipt of the letter of the 19th announcing Baltimore's 
approach, left ISTewcastle and went to Upland. At 10 o'clock the 
same night Markham arrived at Upland, and was surprised to find 
Lord Baltimore and his retinue occupying his quarters at Thomas 
Wade's house. The next day, Sunday, after some conversation 
between Governor Markham and Lord Baltimore, the latter asked to 
see the instruments and to have them compared. One of these was 
found to be incomplete, as certain of the lenses had been taken by Mr. 
Haige. The Morris instrument, however, was brought out and set 
up, and an observation of the latitude taken, as it was a clear day. 
According to Markham's account the instrimient was set up by Balti- 
more's men, the observations being made only by them and the results 
obtained 39° 45'. Lord Baltimore's statement is that the instrument 
was set up by Richard ISToble, a Quaker, and that the observation was 
taken not only by Baltimore's men, but by IToble, and that they all 
agreed that the latitude was 39° 4^' 5" (the latitude of the place is 
39° 51'). 

Both parties seem to have agreed that Upland was south of the 40th 
parallel, but on Monday when Lord Baltimore asked permission to 
go up the Delaware River to where the 40th latitude crossed it. Gov- 
ernor Markham dissented on the grounds that everything along the 
Delaware from 12 miles north of Newcastle to the 43° had been 



130 HISTOKT OF THE BOUNDAEY DISPUTE 

granted to Penn, and that, as a loyal representative of his proprietor, 
he could not allow any pretense to the territory, and that if the pat- 
ents overlapped the question must be referred to the King, and that 
he would not discuss the relative value of the two grants. He was, 
however, ready to proceed with the marking of the boundaries 
between his province and Maryland, along what is now the Delaware 
peninsula. At Lord Baltimore's request Governor Markham reduced 
his refusal to writing. During the discussion feeling ran high, and 
the repeated assertions of the contestants had not tended to quiet the 
more or less evident suspicions entertained on either side. Lord 
Baltimore claimed that the territory on which they stood was his, 
and that before long he would return and assert his rights according 
to the observations which had there been taken. Similar, and even 
stronger, words were said to the inhabitants at Chichester, or Marcus 
Hook, where Lord Baltimore ordered the inhabitants to pay no more 
taxes to Penn, warning them that he would return to claim his own. 
Although Governor Markham had agreed to meet Baltimore at ISTew- 
castle the following day, the excitement caused by Baltimore's 
remarks was deemed sufficient by him and his councillors to warrant 
the breaking of his agreement with Lord Baltimore. In this way 
the first conferences were brought to an end without accomplishing 
anything more than one or two determinations of latitude, and the 
arousing of lasting animosities between the proprietors. 

CONFEKENCES BeTWEEN LoKD BaLTIMOEE AND WlLLIAM PeNN. 

The anticipated arrival of the Proprietor himself, combined with 
the ill-feelings aroused between Baltimore and Markham, made any 
further attempts at conference between them unadvisable. William 
Penn arrived at ISTewcastle 24 October, 1682, and at once notified 
Governor Dungan, the Duke's representative in America, and Lord 
Baltimore of his arrival. After paying his respects to Governor 
Dungan in New York, Penn proceeded southward to his possessions 
along the Delaware. During l^ovember occurred the ceremony of 
Livery and Seizin, by which he took possession of his gifts from the 
Duke of York along the west side of the Delawara On the 11th of 
December following, having already accomplished an act of union 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 131 

between Pennsylvania and the Three Lower Counties along the Del- 
aware, William P/enn visited Maryland, and two days later, on the 
13th of December, 1682, began a conference with Lord Baltimore at 
Colonel Tailler's house in Anne Arundel County. 

CONFEKENCE AT COLONEL TAILLEe's. 

The records of this conference now extant are, in great measure, 
ex parte reports by Lord Baltimore, one of whose clerks took notes 
of the same in shorthand. This is, however, signed by all of his 
Councillors, and appears to be a very fair statement of the case, 
although William Penn, in one of his letters, writes that he might 
have changed a few statements in it. 

The conference opened with assurances of good will and neighbor- 
liness on the part of William Penn, who presented in the course of his 
remarks a letter of the King dated August 19. On reading this let- 
ter. Lord Baltimore immediately said that the King must have been 
misinformed as to the facts in the case. The letter suggested the 
measurement of two degrees north from Watkins Point (37° 55') at 
the rate of sixty miles to a degree. Lord Baltimore claimed that 
his charter said that his territory went to the 40th degree, and that he 
must abide by the terms of his charter. William Penn then suggested 
that they overlook the King's letter, and that Lord Baltimore put 
38° at 37° 30', thereby taking half a degree from Virginia and giving 
half a degree to Penn. It is not quite clear what Penn meant by this 
proposal, but the impression left is that Watkins Point (37° 55') and 
38° were considered as the same, and that the position of 37° 30' was 
a point to be measured from the Capes as proposed later. Baltimore, 
still holding to the letter of his patent, urged that the best way to 
determine the position of the 40th degree was to take an observation 
near that point with a large sextant, like that owned by Colonel 
Morris of ISTew York, which Governor Markham had already for- 
warded to E'ewcastle. Penn, in return, proposed that Lord Baltimore 
determine the northern limits of Maryland by measuring 2° 55' from 
Cape Charles, which point had long been regarded as situated at 
37° 5' ISTorth latitude, when it is really 37° 6 ^'.(Fisherman's Island, 
just off the Cape, is 37° 5' North latitude.) If the rate of each degree 



132 



HISTORY OF THE BOUNDAEY DISPUTE 



had been correct, and not limited to 60 miles, an agreement on this 
proposition would have brought the contestants to the northern 
boundary claimed by Lord Baltimore. There were, however, serious 
difficulties involved in attempting to run a line for 175 miles through 
the almost unbroken forests and swamps of eastern Maryland, and 
across the broad estuaries which, seventy years later, presented seri- 
ous difficulties to the local surveyors as they ran the eastern boundary 
of Maryland. Lord Baltimore had already stated his decision that 
the correct way to determine the position of his northern boundary 
was by making an observation for latitude at that point. He, there- 




Smith Map. Baxtimobe Map. 

PiQ. 5. Maps showing relation of 40° N. Lat to Chesapeake Bay. 

fore, in response changed the subject, asking Penn if he had bought 
the Duke of York's pretensions to Delaware. Penn in reply told him 
that he had received the gift of the Duke's possessions, but that he 
did not wish to discuss that question until after they had settled the 
northern boundary. The discussion continued somewhat longer, but 
no headway was made. Perm apparently realized from what he 
doubtless had heard from Markham, that the 40th degree actually lay 
north of the head of the Bay, and that if he allowed Baltimore to 



EESTJEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



133 



determine his limits by new and accurate measurements Pennsyl- 
vania would be cut off from an outlet into Chesapeake Bay. At the 
same time, he may have felt that there was some chance of his gaining 
this desired opening by a determination of the location by the meas- 
urement of degrees on the formerly accepted basis of 60 miles to a 
degree. By this method there was a chance that he might gain 
through an error in the latitude of the capes, or by errors in the 
assumed length of a degree. He certainly appeared averse to a 
determination of latitude under the most favorable circumstances for 
accurate work which could be arranged in this undeveloped country. 




Hereman Map. Chancery Map. 

Fig. 6. Maps showing relation of 40° N. Lat. to Chesapeake Bay. 

Baltimore, on the other hand, having found by observations at 
Augustine Herrman's, ISTewcastle, and Upland, that the 40th degree 
lay farther north than he had formerly supposed, held to the method 
which was at the same time simplest, most accurate, and most favor- 
able to his claim. The impression is also given that Lord Baltimore 
feared to deviate from the letter of his charter rights even at the 
King's instigation, lest the proceeding form the occasion for a review 
of his title by the King and his Council, who were antagonistic to 
him, and with whom William Penn stood in favor. 



134 HISTOEY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

The morning following this conference William Penn and his 
party escorted by Lord Baltimore and the Marylanders left for a 
meeting with his Quaker friends about five miles distant, whence 
William Penn later passed to the Eastern Shore. The conference 
thus ended with little accomplished beyond "a solid conference . . 
preparatory to a future conclusion," and the outlining of the positions 
held by the two parties, who were to be in legal conflict regarding 
their possessions the rest of their lives. 

THE CONFERENCE AT NEWCASTLE. 

The conference at Colonel Tailler's house, already described, had 
been conducted with considerable heat, but the feelings which had 
then been aroused were only temporary, and on the 23d of April fol- 
lowing, William Penn wrote Lord Baltimore asking him to name 
some place of meeting. To this Lord Baltimore replied that he 
would meet him in the middle of May. On the 23d of that month 
John Darnall was despatched by Lord Baltimore to the Sassafras 
River with a letter to notify Mr. Penn of Lord Baltimore's presence 
in the neighborhood of Pennsylvania. On the 29th of the same 
month the proprietors met near ISTewcastle and proceeded together to 
that town. In the evening, at their conference, Lord Baltimore 
asked Mr. Penn what proposal he had to make. Mr. Penn replied by 
stating, first, that he now held to the King's letter of the 19th of 
August (waived by him in the former conference), so far as it 
required a measurement from Watkins Point to the 40th degree, that 
he was, however, ready to have an observation taken at Watkins Point 
to determine its latitude. He also frankly acknowledged that he 
hoped by insisting on the measurement that lie would gain six or 
seven miles, and by that means get to the waters at the head of Chesa- 
peake Bay. Our present knowledge of the region shows that he 
would have gained about 20 miles, but his southern boundary would 
have crossed the Susquehanna River near Bald Friars, about 12 
miles above the head of the Bay. Lord Baltimore called attention to 
the fact that His Majesty's letter had already been waived by the 
former conference, and that if Penn was willing to recede from his 
former position and stand by a new observation he saw no reason why 



EESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 135 

that should not be taken at the northern, instead of the southern, 
boundary. Moreover, his charter said nothing about determining the 
limits by measurements but defined definite points. 

Recognizing that Baltimore was prepared to stand firmly in his 
original position, yet anxious to get some settlement of the question 
which would give him an outlet on the Chesapeake, Penn proposed 
that Lord Baltimore name a definite price, or scale of prices, at which 
he would sell enough land to assure Pennsylvania's possession of such 
an outlet. On receipt of such an agreement Mr. Penn was willing 
to proceed with Lord Baltimore to the determination of the 40th 
degree. 

This was a new proposition on the part of Mr. Penn which appar- 
ently waived all instructions in His Majesty's letter, and admitted the 
position of Lord Baltimore as to how t^e limits of his territorial 
grants should be determined. The proposal was apparently an attract- 
ive one to Lord Baltimore, and he wished time to think it over. 
Penn, however, would allow him but a single day. On the morning 
of the 30th Baltimore apparently declined the proposition, offering in 
its stead some other which was equally unsuccessful ; so the conferees 
parted, having accomplished nothing definite beyond the recognition 
of their differences. 

During the interview Penn referred to his influence with His 
Majesty the King and the Privy Council, insinuating that he could 
obtain orders from them allowing him to proceed as he desired. 
Baltimore realized that if Penn could impose his dictates upon the 
King and Council it would be vain for him to hope to have justice 
done. The order of IsTovember 13, 1685, shows with what accuracy 
the contestants estimated their relative positions. 

The Talbot Line and Embassy. 

Charles, Lord Baltimore, on his return from England at the time 
of his accession to the title, was accompanied by his cousin Colonel 
George Talbott, who was destined, in the few years of residence in 
the Province, to rise to great prominence and to become what was 
probably the ultimate cause of Lord Baltimore's disfavor at court 
and the consequent loss in his contest with the Penna. Two incidents 



136 



HISTOEY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 



in Talbot's career have more immediate connection with the bound- 
ary controversy. These are his survey of a provisional boundary line 
from the Susquehanna to the Delaware, and his demand upon Wil- 
liam Penn, through the latter's deputy, of all the territory on the west 
side of the Delaware River south of the 40th degree. 

Colonel Talbot had already received from his cousin the princely 
estate, Susquehanna Manor, extending from the ISTorth East River to 




FiQ. 7. Map showing approximate location of first boundary line run between 
Maryland and Pennsylvania. 

the Octoraro and from the Bay to a point some miles north of the 
present boundary between the states. This was shortly followed by 
generous, but smaller, grants along Elk River. The impetuous leader 
of the new settlement was doubtless given these particular tracts to 
forefend against encroachment on the part of the Dutch and English 
along the Delaware, who were beginning already to migrate across 
the narrow peninsula to the fertile highlands along the Susquehanna. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 13Y 

Somewhat of the plans in mind may be gleaned from instructions 
issued to Colonel Talbot on the 12 March 1682/3, but nothing in 
them indicates the running of the boundary line. Observations of 
the latitude had been made under Lord Baltimore's direction on 
Palmer's Island on the 10 June, 1682, and that of Bohemia Manor 
on the 2Y of September, while the commissioners had been awaiting 
those from William Penn. It was about this time, when the latitude 
was relatively well determined, that Colonel Talbot ran a line from 
the mouth of Octoraro Creek on the Susquehanna River to [N^aaman's 
creek on the Delaware. Although this line was apparently run in a 
careless way, without the use of refined methods or good instruments, 
and was marked by no monuments more permanent than blazed trees, 
it was destined to be of critical value in the contest conducted by com- 
ing generations. It was claimed by the Penns, and apparently 
thought by Secretary Cecilius Calvert, to represent, approximately, 
the northern boundary of Maryland as conceived by Charles, Lord 
Baltimore, at the time when the controversy between the neighboring 
provinces was still in its infancy. In this view there is doubtless 
much truth, for many of the contemporaneous writings show that the 
Marylanders had little thought of the unsettled territory beyond the 
little Indian fort at the mouth of the Octoraro. That the proprietor 
himself did not esteem the line to be his northern boundary, as was 
often claimed in later years, may be seen from the commission which 
he issued to Colonel Talbot on 19 March 1682/3, as the latter 
started on his embassy to William Penn. In a preamble Lord Balti- 
more says ''Whereupon wee to manifest our most loyall and Dutifull 
respect to his Majtie and how it was not through any neglect of ours 
that his ordre concerning a joint observation were not in all respects 
punctually observed, caused two observations to be taken at two 
severall times, and an East and West line accordingly to be runn out 
and mark't at greate disadvantage to our Self, being some Miles to 
the Southward of the ISTortherly latitude of ffourtieth Degree." 

The second incident in Talbot's active assistance of his cousin 
respecting the settlement of the boundaries, was his visit to the home 
of William Penn with the demand that the latter deliver to Lord Bal- 
timore "all the Land upon the West side of Delaware River and Bay, 



138 HISTOKY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

and the Seaboard side to the Southward of ffourtieth Degree of 
Northerly Latitude, and more pticularly all that part thereof which 
lyeth to the Southward of the markt lyine aforesaid." This visit 
appears to have been authorized by two different commissions, the 
one dated 19 March, 1682/3, the other as given by Talbot to Nich- 
olas Moore dated 17 September, 1683. 

Colonel Talbot arrived on the Schuylkill on 24 September, and 
found Mr. Penn away from home. He accordingly made his demand 
upon Nicholas Moore, who, as deputy for William Penn, scarcely 
felt empowered to take up such a weighty controversial matter. The 
formal demand made at the time has been preserved among the Cal- 
vert papers. 

The apparent audacity of Colonel Talbot in coming to his home 
with such a demand appears to have been too much for the sturdy 
Pennsylvanian proprietor, who replied to the demand by a lengthy 
answer, dated 31 October, which by its pettimess and perversion of 
previously recognized facts, adds nothing to the luster of his reputa- 
tion. It is moreover marked by a disingenuousness which certainly 
did not increase the friendly feeling between the contestant pro- 
prietors. The impression left upon the recipients of this answer may 
be seen in the lengthy analysis found among the Calvert Papers, 
which has been published among the Maryland Archives. 

The incident accomplished nothing towards the settlement of the 
controversy beyond the arousing of greater harshness of f(3eling and 
mutual distrust. 

The Conteoveesy Teansfeeeed to England. 

Both contestants, after their conference at Newcastle, realized that 
the subject in dispute could not be settled by them since it involved 
a question of the rights conveyed by their letters patent. The refer- 
ence of the matter to the King and his Privy Council was dreaded 
by Lord Baltimore, who had spent the last twenty years in America, 
with a single visit to England in 1675, the date of his accession to 
the title. Penn, on the other hand, welcomed such a transfer, since 
as a business agent for the Duke of York, then heir apparent and 
goon to be the King as James II, he was united to him by bonds of 



BESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 139 

intimacy and interest. Moreover, the King at the moment was much 
displeased with Lord Baltimore because of his attitude in hindering 
the collection of the King's taxes in Maryland. A letter, in the 
nature of a reprimand, forwarded by the King on the 8th of Feb- 
ruary, 1681, reached Lord Baltimore in May, 1682. 

Before this letter of the King reached him Lord Baltimore, who 
seemed to feel himself in disfavor, sent a letter to William Blath- 
wayt, the 11th of March, 1681/2, complaining of William Penn's 
letter to several gentlemen in his province, and telling of the court- 
esies he had shown Captain Markham during his illness in Mary- 
land. He also inclosed a narrative of his conference with Governor 
Markham, endeavoring to show that he was very ready to have the 
line settled between them. On 8 February Lord Baltimore sent to 
Lord Halifax, Lord Privy Seal, a letter inclosing accounts of his con- 
ference with William Penn and a narrative of the whole proceeding, 
asking His Lordship's favor in the case. He called to His Lordship's 
mind the yearly revenue derived from the province, and the vast 
trouble and expense which his father, relatives, and friends had 
endured to establish the province. This letter was presented on the 
17th of April following to the Privy Council. It was then ordered 
that a report should be made upon the several boundaries of the 
patents granted to Lord Baltimore and Mr. Penn, and also to His 
Royal Highness. It was further ordered that the agents of Lord 
Baltimore and Mr. Penn, both proprietors being then in America, 
be requested to attend at the next meeting, and that in the mean- 
time application be made to His Royal Highness not to convey any- 
thing to Mr. Penn. Lord Baltimore's agent presented himself ten 
days later to their lordships, and was told that "if he has any matter 
of complaint he may represent the same by petition to His Majesty 
and Council." Richard Burke accordingly presented a petition pray- 
ing that a grant which was passing to His Royal Highness adjacent 
to Delaware Bay should not pass the Great Seal until His Majesty 
should be satisfied concerning the extent of lands granted to the Lord 
Baltimore. After a presentation of the case by counsel representing 
the three interested proprietors, Mr. Penn's agent was allowed to pre- 
sent proofs to show that this country was possessed by the Dutch and 



140 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

Swedes in the year 1609, or at least, before the date of Lord Balti- 
more's patent. At the same time it was ordered that the whole mat- 
ter be referred to the Board for Trade and Foreign Plantations. 

About this time (11 June, 1683) Lord Baltimore writes to his 
friend William Blathwayt asking that if Mr. Penn should move for 
any further order and commands in reference to the bounds of the 
two provinces he might have time to be heard in his own behalf, 
since he expected to leave for England the following Spring to make 
his own defence regarding the northern boundary, and to justify his 
claim to the lands on the Delaware. In this letter he inclosed "The 
sume and substance" of his private conference with Penn at li^ew- 
castle. At the same time he wrote more formal letters to Sir Lyonel 
Jenkins, Secretary of State, and to Lord Halifax. On the same day 
that these letters were written in America, the Privy Council in Lon- 
don defined the question at issue to be "whether in the year 1632 the 
Dutch were possessed of the lands claimed by Mr. Penn." 

By the first of ITovember Lord Baltimore received word that noth- 
ing would be concluded by the Council without hearing him or his 
agents, and in April, 1684, having appointed a council of nine to 
administer the business of the province under the nominal governor- 
ship of his son, Benedict Leonard, then a lad in his teens, sailed for 
England with the hope that he might soon adjourn to Maryland 
where it was his interest, his inclination, and delight to be. This 
hope, however, was never realized, as the controversy before the 
Privy Council and subsequent difiiculties of his position, together 
with his increasing age, compelled him to remain in England until 
his death on Feb. 24, 1714/15, at the age of 85 years. 

Decision of ISTovember 13, 1685. 

The arrival in England of Lord Baltimore preceded that of Wil- 
liam Penn by three months, the latter arriving on October 24, 1684. 
The circumstances under which they found themselves were, how- 
ever, very different. Lord Baltimore had been absent from the coun- 
try for a quarter of a century with a single visit to England in 1675 
and was out of touch with persons in authority who were unmind- 
ful of the character and* good deeds of his father and grandfather, 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 141 

who had stood in high esteem among the court following of James I 
and his son Charles I. William Penn returned to England after an 
absence of only three years to renew his associations with the prom- 
inent people whose interest he had in charge, chief of whom was 
James, Duke of York, who within five months after Penn reached 
England succeeded to the crown as James II. The relationship 
between William Penn and his royal patron seemed to have been 
close, and the success of Penn's enterprises were of interest to His 
Royal Highness, who had been the titular head of the unallotted Eng- 
lish possessions in America since the fall of the Dutch in 1663. 

During the absence of the proprietors in America, word had 
reached England of their difficulties in coming to a settlement, and 
the King on the 31 of May, 1683, had ordered that the Board for 
Trade and Foreign Plantations report upon the title to the lands 
upon the Delaware. In America the two conferences between Lord 
Baltimore and Governor Markham, as well as those between the pro- 
prietors of Maryland and Pennsylvania, had been devoted exclu- 
sively to a determination of the northern boundary of Maryland. 
The question at issue under the King's order was with respect to the 
territory along Delaware only, a question which William Penn had 
declined to discuss with Lord Baltimore, pending the settlement of 
the east and west boundary. 

Members of the Privy Council to whom the question had been 
referred by the King received many letters from the contestants set- 
ting forth the various points of advantage to themselves. Represent- 
atives of the interested parties likewise appeared from time to time 
before the Board. Lord Baltimore was represented by Mr. Burke, 
Mr. Penn by Mr. Ford, and His Royal Highness, the Duke of York, 
by the Solicitor-General, Sir Edward Herbert. The interests of the 
Duke of York were indirect, as he had already leased the territory 
to William Penn, but the decision of the Privy Council was of inter- 
est to him in establishing the title which he had already bestowed, 
and in lessening the possessions of the most independent of the Eng- 
lish proprietaries in America, His interests, such as they were, 
however, exerted a profound influence upon the Board before whom 
the case was presented. It was perfectly natural that the Privy 



142 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

Councillors should do their utmost to satisfy the recently enthroned 
sovereign, especially when their own fortunes were more or less at 
stake. When the King possessed a character such as that ascribed 
to James II it would have been political suicide for them to do 
otherwise. There is, however, little ground for the statement in 
Lord Baltimore's letter to Colonel Taylor, written a few days after 
the decision so disastrous to his interests, that the Order in Council 
"was passed unknown to him, without his having had any summons 
or notice to be heard any further in that affair." This is well borne 
out by the following summary of the meetings held by the Board 
for Trade and Foreign Plantations, to whom the decision had been 
referred. On the 17th of April, 1683, Lord Plalifax laid before 
the Board Lord Baltimore's letter of the 8th of February, with the 
inclosures giving Baltimore's account of his conferences in Maryland. 
The request was also made by Baltimore that nothing be done toward 
granting Penn territory on the Delaware prior to his own arrival in 
England. The Board in taking notice of this request directed the 
Lord Keeper to examine the boundaries of the patents granted to 
Lord Baltimore, Mr. Penn, and His Koyal Highness. On May 30 
following, a formal petition was presented by Richard Burke, repre- 
senting Lord Baltimore, to the same effect that no grant might pass 
the Great Seal until the question of title was settled. The following 
day the whole question was referred to the Board of Trade and 
Foreign Plantations by the King. Two weeks later, on June 12, 
the question at issue was reduced to the question whether in 1632 
the Dutch possessed the land claimed by Penn. On February 13, 
1683/4, Mr. Ford, acting as Penn's representative, asked for a hear- 
ing in behalf of His Royal Highness who had rented the land in 
question to William Penn. The Board in reply postponed the busi- 
ness until the following April when it was hoped Lord Baltimore 
might be present. As already shown. Lord Baltimore did not reach 
England until some months later, and accordingly, on June 30, the 
Duke of York's solicitor, Mr. Herbert, requested in behalf of His 
Royal Highness that there be no further delay and consequently on 
July 2 the Board appointed a meeting for Wednesday, the 16th inst., 
upon which date the discussion was deferred for one week. Upon 



PLATE LXXV 




A Moert.'S. Co,Ph.o-U>LxlA Bajtto. 



OF MASON-OIXON LINE 




RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 143 

the 23d of July when the Committee was ready to take up the ques- 
tion Mr. Ford, on behalf of Penn, asked for a postponement on 
account of the absence of Sir Edward Herbert, representing His 
Royal Highness. It would appear from the records that Lord 
Baltimore had already reached England at this time, and that he 
was present at the meetings. The subject was postponed until the 
29th of September. In the meantime, (August 20), Lord Baltimore 
was granted copies of the minutes of the previous meetings in so far 
as they related to the lands on the Delaware. On September 30 at 
the request of the Duke's solicitor the question was again postponed 
in order that Mr. Penn might be present at the hearing. Mr. Penn 
arrived in England the latter part of October, and a meeting of the 
Board was held on the 9th of December, but the discussion of the 
question was postponed until a later day. Matters apparently hung 
in abeyance until September 2 of the following year. In the mean- 
time, however, William Penn's petition for the quieting of his posses- 
sion had been refused on March 17, and the King's order of quo 
warranto proceedings, (of July 15), had been answered by a petition 
of Mr. Penn, who stated that the question involved was not of power 
but of title to land, and was consequently not a question for quo 
warranto proceedings. The meeting on September 2 when the 
matter, already postponed from August 26, was taken up was really 
the first in which any progress had been made since the spring of 
1683. At this time William Penn produced evidence to establish 
the fact that the Swedes and Dutch inhabited the Delaware prior to 
the granting of Lord Baltimore's patent. Copies of this proof were 
given to Lord Baltimore and he was asked to make his defence on 
the 30th, but the matter did not come up until the 8th of the suc- 
ceeding month when Lord Baltimore cited the accounts of Ployden, 
in 1642, and presented copies of the Board of Trade's decision of 
April 4, 1638, and of Van Sweringen's deposition relating to the 
settlement of the Delaware. The argument made by Lord Baltimore 
does not seem to have made very much of an impression, as might 
be expected from the evidence as recorded, which he is said to have 
presented. The deposition of the Dutch secretary of !N"ewcastle who 
had now associated himself with Lord Baltimore, living at St. Mary's 



144 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDAKY DISPUTE 

City, is so full of inaccurate statements, judged by our present 
knowledge, that it could hardly have been taken as a trustworthy 
document by the Privy Council. The copy of si report by the 
Commissioner of Foreign Plantations dated April 4, 1638, showing 
the opinion at that time as to Baltimore's right to the Isle of Kent 
in his differences with William Claiborne, was not regarded as 
authoritative, and Lord Baltimore was asked to present an attested 
copy of the same at a later date. ISTine days later Lord Baltimore 
reported that he was unable to find an original or authentic copy 
against which the record could be compared. This failure on the 
part of Lord Baltimore was subsequently employed in an effort to 
substantiate the charge that he had attempted to impose upon the 
Committee a spurious document. 

On the last day of October the Committee proposed, in the pres- 
ence of Baltimore and Penn, "that the whole Peninsula or tract of 
land called Delaware from East to West as far as Cape Henlopen 
Southward ... be divided into two equal parts between His 
Majesty and my Lord Baltimore." Baltimore was given a week 
to offer any objections to this proposal and on the Yth of ITovember 
after hearing these the Committee resolved to report their opinion 
to the King. Accordingly the Committee reported on that date that 
they found that Lord Baltimore's patent was for uncultivated land, 
and that the land in dispute was inhabited by Christians before the 
date of this patent, and that since that date it had been made a colony 
distinct from Maryland. They accordingly recommended that the 
tract of land lying between the Delaware and the Eastern sea on the 
one side, and Chesapeake Bay on the other, be divided into two equal 
parts by a line from the latitude of Cape Henlopen to the 40th degree 
of northern latitude, the eastern half to be adjudged to the King. 
A week later on the 13th of November, 1685, King James II 
approved the report and ordered that the land be divided forthwith 
accordingly. This approval easily might have been foreshadowed 
as it, in a way, legalized his princely gift to Penn of lands to which 
he had himself practically admitted that he had no title. 

This decision was in its terms a compromise between the positions 
of Penn and Baltimore, since the question of the Delaware was 



RESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 145 

settled in favor of Penn, while that of the northern boundary was 
in favor of Baltimore. The question formulated at the beginning 
of the hearings several years before was as to whether or not the 
Dutch had a settlement on the Delaware prior to the granting of 
Lord Baltimore's title. The questions at issue between Lord Balti- 
more a:nd William Penn during their conferences in America, viz., 
the northern limit of Maryland and the method of its determination, 
are not mentioned in the minutes of meetings until the decision of 
the Committee is reached on N^ovember 7. It was, however, prob- 
ably under discussion and the Committee clearly placed themselves 
on record so far as the 40th degree of latitude was concerned. The 
action of the Committee regarding Delaware determined, in great 
measure, the present position of the boundary line between Delaware 
and Maryland, (finally located by Mason and Dixon) but the dis- 
cussions regarding the northern boundary continued until it was 
finally located nearly twenty miles south of the 40th degree of lati- 
tude. 

Duke of York's Title to West Side of the Delaware. 

The decision of the Privy Council in the Pall of 1685, to all prac- 
ticable purposes, settled favorably the title of Wm. Penn to the 
west shore of the Delaware river. As this decision was based upon 
the assumed validity of the Duke of York's title to this territory it 
is worth the while to consider the basis for such an assumption. To 
do this it is necessary to review somewhat the tangled web of events 
relating to this disputed territory, although many of them have 
already been mentioned. 

The fall of the year in which Cornelius Mey entered the Delaware 
witnessed the granting October 11, 1614, by the States General to 
the United Companies of the right to trade for three years between 
the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees along the American coast. 
During the next few years rival claimants disputed before the States 
General for the rights to trade in this territory, which were ultimately 
granted to the Incorporated West India Company, according to 
whose charter they were entitled not only to trade but to people 
America. In 1623 this company took formal possession of the 



146 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

Delaware or South river, as it was then called, and Captain Mey 
built Fort ISTassau at Gloucester Point, IN". J., a few miles below 
Philadelphia. At that time the Dutch regarded themselves to be 
entitled by this act to territorial rights from Cape Henlopen at the 
mouth of Delaware Bay to the head of navigation. The enterprise, 
however, was not successful and Port ^Nassau was ordered abandoned 
by the company in 1628. During the following year Godyn and 
others obtained a patent for land on the west side of the Delaware 
which had been purchased by them from the Indians, while the 
Maryland charter was being discussed in England. In this way he 
and his associates obtained a title from the Committee of XIX to 
the south side of Delaware from Cape Henlopen toward the mouth 
of South river, about eight and a half leagues [thirty-four miles] 
in breadth into the interior to a certain marsh ; or the greater part of 
the present counties of Sussex and Kent Delaware. In the fall of 
1630 they started a colony in Europe which settled at Whorekill 
(Lewes creek) in April, 1631, only to be exterminated entirely by 
the Indians during the succeeding year. De Vries arrived at the 
mouth of the Delaware with re-enforcements December 5, 1632, 
where he learned of the slaughter of the first settlers and decided to 
give up the settlement. 

The rights to this settlement were subsequently sold to the Dutch 
West India Company. 

While the Delaware was thus abandoned by the Dutch the grant 
of Maryland was given to Lord Baltimore, and the Swedes made a 
settlement at Christina (Wilmington), in 1638. The Swedish settle- 
ments at first were successful, and by 1642 their frontiers are 
described "from the borders of the sea, in returning south west 
towards Godyn's Bay and then towards the great South river as far 
as Manquaaskill, where is constructed Port Christina and from 
thence again towards South river, and the whole to a place which 
the savages call Saneken (Trenton)". Thus the Swedes claimed the 
same territory as the Dutch, although the territory which they bought 
from the Indians, covering only a small area about Port Christina, 
was different from that purchased by Godyn and his companions. 
No attempt to reduce them was made either on the part of the 



RESURVEY OF MASON-BIXON LINE 147 

English or the Dutch, who both claimed the right to the territory, 
during the first ten years of their presence in America. With the 
arrival of the energetic Peter Stuyvesant as the Director General of 
the West India Company, the Dutch asserted their claims to the 
Delaware. In 1651 Fort Casimer was erected at ISTewcastle, a few 
miles below the Swedish settlement, to cut off the latter's approach 
from the sea. The capture, or betrayal, of this fort in 1654, again 
brought Stuyvesant to the Delaware, when the Dutch effectively 
asserted their supremacy over the Swedes by recapturing Fort 
Casimer and taking the Swedish settlement. In the meantime the 
Dutch West India Company, after the establishment of Fort 
Casimer, sold to the city of Amsterdam the territory from Christina 
creek to Bombay Hook. By this act it was hoped that the coloniza- 
tion of the Delaware would be stimulated, but the appointment of 
inefficient governors made matters even worse, as the authority was 
divided between the representative of the "city colony," resident at 
'New Amstel (N'ewcastle) and the representative of the West India 
Company resident at Altena (Wilmington). Each of these reported 
to Governor Stuyvesant, but were themselves at odds regarding their 
relative rights in the government of the Delaware region. During 
the years of contention the settlements waned until ISTew Amstel 
contained scarcely a score of families, guarded by eight or ten 
soldiers. It was at this time that Colonel TJtie in 1659 presented 
the claims of Maryland, not to the representative of the West India 
Company, but to the Lieutenant-Governor of the City Colony at Kew 
Amstel, who seems to have been overcome by the Marylander's bold 
action. The representatives of both authorities reported the claims 
of Maryland to Governor Stuyvesant who with his customary spirit, 
sharply reprimanded them both for their frivolous action. 

Ignorance of the two-fold character of authority on the Delaware 
has often led to wrong conclusions regarding the incidents of this 
time. At the beginning of the seventh decade the burgomasters of 
Amsterdam, having spent large amounts of money in attempts to 
establish a successful colony at ISTew Amsterdam, realized that some- 
thing ought to be done to remove the inefficiency resulting from 
divided authority. Accordingly in 1663 they purchased from the 



148 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

West India Company the title to the rest of the territory on the west 
shore of the Delaware from Bombay Hook to Cape Henlopen and 
the West India Company's representative was ordered to remove all 
property of the Company from the territory. Such was the state of 
affairs on the Delaware when Sir Robert Carr was commissioned, 
September 3, 1664, to subdue the Dutch settled in Delaware Bay. 
The instructions given to him by his fellow-commissioners were as 
follows: "You have commands to keep possession thereof for His 
Majesty's own behalf and right . . . and if my Lord Baltimore 
doth pretend right thereto by his Patent (which is a doubtful case) 
you are to say that you only keep possession till His Majesty is 
informed and satisfied otherwise." 

On the 12th of March, 1664, Charles II granted all of the territory 
from the St. Croix river to the east side of the Delaware bay to hia 
brother James, Duke of York, nothing being said about the west bank 
which had been originally granted to Baltimore in the terms of his 
charter which had been confirmed to Lord Baltimore by Charles II, 
as late as 1661. The action of Sir Robert Carr is thus seen to have 
been open to question and the title to the west shore possessed by the 
Duke of York was one of superior strength on his part, and of 
acquiescence on the part of his brother, the king. It had no docu- 
mentary basis. The views impressed upon the Duke of York by his 
subordinates in America and, probably, accepted with satisfaction 
by His Highness, may be seen in the letter from Colonel Richard 
jSTichols, one of the Duke's commissioners in Wew York, to Sir H. 
Bennet, Secretary of State, written in October, 1664. The writer 
says he thinks that Lord Baltimore will be more solicitous now to 
secure from his Majesty than from the powerful Amsterdam Com- 
pany, and continues by saying "that his lordship will make a faire 
pretence to it by his pattent: But I hope that His Majesty will 
either looke on his pattent for governour as forfeited by act of Parlia- 
ment for trading with the Dutch, or, at least, so much of his pattent 
as has been reduced at His Majesty's charge." 

The extent of territory along the Delaware captured from the 
Dutch may be inferred from the deed of the West India Company 
to the Burgomasters of Amsterdam, passed Dec. 22, 1663. This 



EBSURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 149 

conveys "the said South river from the sea upwards to as far as the 
river reaches, or at the east side inland three leagues [12 miles] 
from the bank of the river, on the west side as far as the territory 
reaches to the English Colony, with all streams, kills, crocks, ports, 
bays and outlines belonging thereto." 

'No documents prior to 1681 are known granting to the Duke of 
York the small excess of territory captured from the Dutch, not 
included in the grants to the Duke of York of 1664 and 1674. This 
small area, equivalent to that of the present State of Delaware, upon 
its capture from the Dutch, either passed to the Crown as territory 
excluded by the hactenus inculta clause of Lord Baltimore's charter, 
or else by that document was restored to Lord Baltimore, who up to 
that time had often asserted, but never exercised, his rights over it. 
It is this area which was conveyed to William Penn by a series of 
feoffments and became the subject of controversy before the Privy 
Council during the year 1683-1685. 

The numerous documents passed to and from the Duke of York, 
upon which Penn's title to Pennsylvania and Delaware rests, are 
well enumerated in the brief of the Chancery proceedings filed in 
1735. The Duke of York first became interested in the Delaware 
territory through his grant from King Charles II, dated March 12, 
1663/4. By this patent James, Dukc of York, received in fee all 
that part of the mainland from the St. Croix River to the east side 
of Delaware Bay, and all the islands adjoining. And his title to the 
country, as shown above, was established by the subjugation of the 
Dutch by the English forces. Erom this time on the representatives 
of the Duke of York exercised the functions of government over New 
York and the territory on both sides of the Delaware. Subsequent 
to their capture the Dutch ceded to Charles II all places in his 
possession on the 10th of May, 1667, by the treaty signed in 1672. 

The same year (1672) war was declared by the Dutch. In July 
of the following year they entered upon their former possessions in 
America, only to give them up finally in the following Eebruary 
1673-4, when a peace was concluded, whereby all territory taken 
from each other since the war broke out in 1672, would be restored. 
Lest this temporary occupancy by the Dutch should invalidate the 



150 ■ HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

Duke's title to this territory his Majesty, Charles II, issued on the 
29th of June, 1674, new Letters Patents conveying in the same words 
as in the former patent the territory already granted. 

William Penn who received his patent to Pennsylvania on the dth 
March, 1680/1, received in August of the same year a release of any 
such rights as the Duke of York might have in the territory so 
granted. Subsequently Penn leased the residue of the Duke's hold- 
ings on the Delaware. Four documents were passed to accomplish 
this end. Two on the 21 August, 1682, and two three days later on 
the 24th inst. The first document is a deed of release dated 21 
August 1682 conveying to William Penn, in fee, all the Duke's claim 
to the tract of land granted to William Penn. The second deed 
under same date granted and leased to William Penn Newcastle and 
all that tract of land with the circle of 12 miles, about the same, 
the Delaware river and all its islands lying north of the southernmost 
part of said circle. The term of sale, or lease, is ten thousand years, 
and the rent five shillings payable at the feast of St. Michaels. The 
third document is dated 24 of August, and is the same as the second 
one above described, except that it was sealed and delivered in the 
presence of witnesses, the former being unwitnessed. The fourth 
document is an original deed sealed and delivered in the presence of 
witnesses dated 24 August, 1682. According to this, out of consid- 
eration for the memory of Admiral Penn and the sum of ten 
shillings, the Duke of York leases to William Penn, for the space 
of ten thousand years, at an annual rent of one rose payable at the 
feast of St. Michael the Archangel, all that tract of land upon Dela- 
ware River and Bay beginning 12 miles south from the town of 
Newcastle and extending south to the Horekilns, otherwise called 
'Lopen. According to an early document "the Duke of York granted 
to the late Proprietor the greatest part of those Counties, with a 
Reservation of one Half off the Profits to himself and His Heirs, 
but when this was done, The Duke had himself no other Title to 
them than the possession, Tho' he obtained one afterwards from 
King Charles by Patent taken out at our Proprs charge." (State- 
ment of James Logan.) This grant was dated 22 March 1682-3, 
and by it Charles 11. granted to the Duke of York Newcastle, the 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 




Herbman's Map of Virgin:! 



PLATE LXXVI. 




D Mabyland. 1670 (Reduced) 



EESURVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 151 

12-mile circle about it, and all the land from 12 miles south of New- 
castle to Cape 'Lopen. This deed, or grant, was immediately trans- 
ferred to William Penn for whom it had been obtained in accordance 
with the covenant contained in the deeds of August 24. This docu- 
ment is the first one transferring any title to the west shore of the 
Delaware since ^he Maryland Charter of 1632, and its validity de- 
pends entirely upon the interpretation of the earlier grant. It was, 
moreover, subsequent to the deeds to William Penn and the title, if 
valid, obtained by that appears never to have been formally trans- 
ferred to William Penn, subsequent to the date of the grant of March 
22, 1682-3. 

The fact that the Duke of York received this grant at a time before 
the taking of possession by William Penn, and also that he became 
King before any final papers had been filed, introduced many close 
legal questions. The fullest discussion of these legal points by such 
eminent authorities as James Bayard, late Secretary of State, and 
Hon. John M. Clayton, may be found in the report of the Hon. John 
Sergeant, arbitrator in the case of Pea-Patch Islands.* 

According to the decision of the referee, the Duke of York as a 
subject could not acquire any right for himself by conquest, but that 
he may have been entrusted with large discretionary power consid- 
ering his relations to the king and that he was the heir presumptive. 
It was also held that the series of deeds by their descriptions, and 
boundaries, and other features constituted the three lower counties 
as a de facto province, or colony, with a distinct identity, that the 
rights of Lord Baltimore to Delaware were decided by the Council 
of 1685, and that the original right has never been open since. 

A Peeiod of Quiescence. 

The decades succeeding the strenuous controversy resulting in the 
order of the King in Council of ISTovember, 1685, were days of rela- 
tive quiescence in the contention over the line dividing the properties 
of the Penns and the Baltimores. This was not the result of the 
final settlement of the boundary, as might be inferred from the 

*Sen. doc, 30th Congress, 1 sess. Exec. No. 21, 251 pp. 



152 HISTOEY OF THE BOUNDAKY DISPUTE 

decisive phraseology of the king's command, but was rather the 
product of many circumstances, political and domestic, which so 
altered the fortunes of the two contestants that only occasional 
attempts were made towards the carrying out of the decree of 1685. 

CIRCUMSTANCES ADVERSE TO BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT. 

A brief survey of the varying fortunes of the two provinces and 
their proprietors will bring out the reasons why for forty years little 
was done towards reaching a final settlement. The revolution of 
1688 with the attendant ascendency of the Protestants under William 
and Mary had a depressing influence upon the gentlemanly Komanist 
from Maryland and the sturdy Quaker who had been so closely in 
touch with the Jesuitical James II that many believed William Penn. 
himself was at heart a Jesuit. At the same time the political policy 
of William was to bring the colonies into a closer dependence upon 
the Crown. These two sets of forces combined towards unjust 
charges of treason or incompetency against both Lord Baltimore and 
William Penn, and the seizure by legal procedure of their respective 
territories. As early as 1686 attempts were made to have the 
Attorney General prosecute quo warranto proceeding against Mary- 
land, ISTew Jersey, and two of the IsTew England colonies, because of 
their extreme independence, and in the summer of 1690 the Attorney 
General did proceed against Lord Baltimore, with the result that 
Maryland became a Royal Province governed by a royal governor 
from that date until 1Y15 when the proprietary rights were retu^'ned 
to the young grandson of Charles Third Lord Baltimore. 

The proprietor of Pennsylvania fared only a little better, as his 
government was taken away from him on the 21st of October, 1691, 
on account of the local disputes between the colonists of the Three 
Lower Counties and those of Pennsylvania which gave the excuse 
that the Province needed a firmer governmental control. The real 
reason of this act probably lay in the supposed treasonable relations 
of William Penn with his old friend and patron, the exiled James 
II. The influential friendships of William Penn, including a 
personal acquaintance with the King and Queen, and his stout 
advocacy of Protestant beliefs, soon dissolved the suspicions which 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 153 

had over-shadowed him and on August 20, 1694, a patent was issued 
to him by King William restoring to him the government of 
Pennsylvania. 

The domestic and personal vicissitudes of the Proprietaries were 
such that neither of the contestants was free to press with vigor for 
a settlement. Lord Baltimore was old, and disheartened because of 
his somewhat ostracized position on account of his religious faith; 
and William Penn, though not yet aged, was so pressed financially that 
in 1708 he was obliged to mortgage his interests in Pennsylvania 
for sixty six hundred pounds. He also was harassed by the jeal- 
ousies and evil machinations of his enemies. The decade from 1710 
to 1720 marks the exit of the two original and most prominent con- 
testing proprietors, Lord Baltimore dying in 1715 and William 
Penn, after several years of mental derangement, in 1718. The 
aged Lord Baltimore was succeeded by his son Benedict Leonard 
Calvert, who was almost immediately succeeded by the youthful 
Charles Calvert, the fifth Lord Baltimore. William Penn by will 
transferred his interests in Pennsylvania to his wife Hannah Penn, 
who in turn deeded the Province to her children John, Thomas, 
Richard and Dennis. This was contrary to the laws of heredity by 
which one half of the estate should have gone to William Penn, Jr. 

The rapid changes in proprietorship of Maryland, and the con- 
tested title to Pennsylvania produced circumstances unfavorable to 
the successful settlement of the boundary controversies. The period, 
however, was not devoid of events of greater or less moment which 
were related to attempts to have the order of 1685 reviewed; incident 
to the settlement of the boundary ; or as illustrating the attitude of 
the proprietaries. 

Attempts to Review the Order of 1685. The feeling of injustice 
aroused by the Order of 1685 caused Lord Baltimore to press for a 
review of the entire question under conditions which he hoped were 
more favorable to himself. To this end he petitioned Queen Anne 
in January, 1708/9, to set aside the Order on the ground that it was 
surreptitiously obtained. Such a charge was answered by a counter- 
petition presented by William Penn, who stated that the whole ques- 
tion had been examined at several hearings on both sides, and that 



164 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

the Order was reached as the result of long deliberation. William 
Penn further prayed that Her Majesty should give no countenance 
to Lord Baltimore's petition. On the 27 January Baltimore's 
petition was, accordingly, dismissed. Disappointed, but not dis- 
couraged. Lord Baltimore again petitioned the Queen on the 19 
May following, declaring that the Order of Council in question had 
been obtained by false suggestions on the part of William Penn and 
that he had not been heard or notified regarding the Order. Such 
statements may possibly be technically justifiable as Lord Baltimore 
may not have received an official notice, or have had a specific hearing 
on the order itself. The minutes of the hearings in the fall of 1685 
already reviewed show clearly, however, that the matter was brought 
to Lord Baltimore's attention several times before the Order was 
finally issued. Thus on 17 October the committee report that in 
their opinion the tract of land in dispute does not belong to Balti- 
more, but that another meeting would be held before any final 
decision was made on the boundaries. On the 31 October following, 
the committee proposed to Baltimore and Penn that the whole 
peninsula be divided into two equal parts, and Lord Baltimore was 
given one week to offer objections. At the end of this time after 
hearing Lord Baltimore, the committee resolved to report their 
opinion to the king who on the 13 ITovember approved the report and 
issue4 the Order on which Lord Baltimore claims he had not been 
heard. After hearing all these facts Queen Anne in Council on 23 
June, 1709, dismissed Lord Baltimore's petition, ratified the decree 
of 1685, and ordered its execution. No further effort was made to 
review the original order during the life time of the Third Lord 
Baltimore. 

Attempts at Settling the Boundary. The establishment of the 
Committee of Trades and Plantations for the conduction of colonial 
affairs in England brought up the question of the existent boundaries 
between the various colonies, and in August, 1697, this committee 
gave notice to William Penn and Governor Nicholson of Maryland, 
which was now a royal province, that their boundaries must be fixed. 
These instructions reached Colonel Nicholson at the same time as 
the order transferring him from Maryland to Virginia and, appar- 



BESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 155 

ently, nothing was accomplisiied before lie was succeeded by Governor 
Blackistone in January 1698/9. Governor Blackistone in return 
was succeeded by Thomas Trench in 1702, and by Governor Seymour 
in 1704. The latter petitioned Queen Anne requesting that she 
order the proprietors to run the division line. It was doubtless the 
activity on the part of Governor Seymour that aroused the elderly 
Lord Baltimore to petition the queen in 1708/9 as already described. 
Nothing, however, resulted from all these attempts to come to an 
harmonious laying out of the boundaries. Lord Baltimore appeared 
adverse to following out the original decree, and James Logan, the 
American representative of the Penns, was fearful lest the running 
of the lines according to the accepted interpretation of the terms 
might deprive Pennsylvania of much of the territory which it was 
then controlling. 

The increasing population in the disputed zone, stimulated by the 
grants of the l^ottingham and Welsh tracts by William Penn in 
1701, emphasized the need of some divisional line between the 
provinces. This need was still further accentuated by the surveys of 
considerable tracts of land, under the authority of Maryland, in the 
vicinity of Conestoga, and certain regulations enforced in the !N'ot- 
tingham tract by the Governor of Pennsylvania. A conference was 
accordingly arranged between Governors Hart and Keith who met 
at Colonel Hynson's house on the Eastern Shore on the 28 October, 
1718. At this time it was agreed that those seated in the disputed 
zone should be under the jurisdiction of the province whence they 
received their original patent. E^othing final regarding the bound- 
aries resulted from this conference although it doubtless temporarily 
relieved the tension along the border. 

Incidents in England at this time were tending toward additional 
attempts at boundary settlements. Hannah Penn through the death 
of her husband had come into possession of Pennsylvania. The 
death of Charles, Lord Baltimore, followed by that of his son and 
successor Leonard Benedict, who had renounced his Roman Catholic 
affiliations, had restored Maryland to the Calverts and transferred 
the title to the youthful Charles, fifth Lord Baltimore. In Septem- 



156 HISTOEY OF THE BOUNDAKY DISPUTE 

ber 1Y20 Hannah Penn petitioned the Lord Justices of Great Britain 
to pass upon her title to Pennsylvania, and to issue a peremptory 
order enforcing the settlement of the limits with Lord Baltimore, in 
accordance with the order of 1685. This petition was referred to 
the Commissioners of Trades and Plantations where it was held 
pending the minority of the young Lord Baltimore. 

Boundary matters remained quiet so far as any attempt to make 
a settlement until the summer of 1723, when the independence of the 
inhabitants seated in the disputed zone forced the proprietors to 
attempt an agreement regarding the distribution of territory in order 
that taxes might be collected. As matters stood their representatives 
in America reported that it was impossible to collect the taxes even 
by armed force. In the briefs presented for the Chancery case in 
1735 each party claimed that the advances for this agreement were 
made by the other contestant. Such documentary evidence as is now 
extant seems to show that both sides were ready to come to an under- 
standing, and that there were no grounds for assuming undue eager- 
ness on either side. The conferences resulted in an agreement signed 
17 February, 1723/4, by which Charles, Lord Baltimore, agreed 
with Hannah Penn and the mortgagees to avoid all disturbance of all 
persons, and the surveying of all lands, near the boundaries for a 
period of 18 months, during which time it was hoped that the final 
boundaries would be settled. Proclamations announcing this agree- 
ment were issued in Pennsylvania and Maryland, but nothing was 
done to bring about a settlement of the boundary. Each side subse- 
quently claimed that the failure of the agreement was due to the 
neglect of the other. In reality it was probably due to the death of 
Hannah Penn, the taking up of the mortgage on the part of John 
Penn and the other heirs, and the youthfulness of the proprietors on 
both sides. How far this agreement was kept during the 18 months 
during which it ran, is not known. In later contests charges and 
counter-charges were often made to the effect that it had been grossly 
disregarded. The documents now available clearly show that during 
the interval between the agreement of 1724 and that of 1732 the 
local representatives in Maryland and Pennsylvania pushed forward 
with eager and sometimes feverish haste in their attempts to gain 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 157 

possession of portions of the disputed territory. The Pennsylvanians 
continued to survey grants in the ISTottingham tract and on both sides 
of the Susquehanna Eiver, while the Marylanders pushed their fron- 
tiers northward up the west bank of the Susquehanna in the country 
now occupied by York County Pennsylvania. At the same time both 
parties to the controversy, through their agents, were busily engaged 
in acquiring evidence favorable to their own views for the legal con- 
test which appeared inevitable. ISTumerous letters still exist from 
Jaines Logan to John Penn telling of the searching and transcribing 
of old records in Virginia and ISTew York, and advising the young 
proprietor of the papers collected by his father, William Penn, dur- 
ing the controversy of 1683-5. These letters are full of advice 
regarding the way that the controversy should be handled, empha- 
sizing the strong points in the contention, and pointing out the pit- 
falls to be avoided. They show that James Logan recognized the 
insufficiency of the Penn title to the Delaware territory based upon 
the deeds from James, the questionable character of Cape Henlopen 
twenty miles below the generally recognized point, and the uncer- 
tainty regarding the final decision respecting the rights of the Penns 
to the JSTottingham tract which they had been granting to settlers 
since 1701. They show, moreover, that if they were carefully read 
by the recipient he could hardly have been "young & unacquainted 
W^^^ y« old Disputes in 1683-84, & '85, 1708 & y* y* papers relating 
thereto were lost or mislaid," such, however, were the terms employed 
by solicitors to describe the Penns in 1731. They are applicable to 
the younger brothers Thomas and Richard but not to John to whom 
the Pennsylvania affairs had been entrusted. 

Boeder Troubles. 

The attempts to settle the boundary were inspired by a desire on 
the part of the proprietaries to establish their title in order that they 
might gain a revenue from the settlers on the disputed lands and to 
stop the border feuds and reprisals which had occasioned so much 
trouble to the provincial officers in their attempt to preserve peace 
and to maintain the rights of their proprietors. Border troubles were 
the natural outcome of the dispute regarding the location of the 



158 ; HISTORY' OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

boundary line, and began soon after Pennsylvania was granted to 
William Penn. They were, moreover, accentuated by specific lines 
of action on the parts of both of the contestants. During the early 
years while Maryland was a royal province and when Lord Balti- 
more was an elderly man living in England as a recluse out of favor 
at court, William Penn, or his agents, seized the opportunity to issue 
warrants for the survey of the ISTottingham and Welsh* tracts. The 
ISTottingham lots, according to the warrant, were to begin on the 
barrens on the ISTorth East and extend up to Octoraro Creek and the 
southern boundary was to be an east and west line parallel with the 
southern line of the province or territory, already granted a score 
of years earlier to George Talbott under a Maryland license. The 
land actually surveyed as given by Johnson, after the original plat, 
lies, for the most part, south of the present boundary of Maryland, 
and in part south of the Octoraro line run under the direction of 
Lord Baltimore, and recognized by him to be somewhat south of his 
own limits. The tract was granted by the Penns subsequent to the 
decision of 1685 and lies to the west of the center of the peninsula 
and south of the 40th degree of latitude, or in territory which had 
been reserved to Lord Baltimore by that decree. 

The Welsh tract, granted about the same time by the Penns, lies 
almost entirely within the present State of Delaware, but on its 
western side encroached from one to two miles beyond the limits of 
the circle twelve miles from ISTewcastle and the tangent line. 

The occasion for the establishment of settlers in this debatable 
territory is evident, as by that act the land came into the possession 
of friendly colonists, and their presence precluded the expansion of 
neighboring Maryland settlements. The question of disputed juris- 
diction and the validity of the title to their homes and newly won 
farms, naturally led to disputes among the rough and ready frontiers- 
men of the day, who in their apparent loyalty to their respective 
proprietors were in reality protecting their own rights to their rude 
huts and stump-strewn fields. 

The acts of the Pennsylvanians were not, however, the only ones 
which occasioned trouble, although they may have been the first. 



•This is not the Welsh Tract just west of Philadelphia, but that near the 
Junction of the three states of Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylrania. 



BESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 159 

Subsequent to 1714 when Lord Baltimore sent over instruments for 
new observations regarding the northern latitude, attempts were 
made to establish by settlement the rights of Maryland along the 
Susquehanna, particularly on its western bank. At that time the 
observations showed that the head of the Elk River was fully thirty 
miles south of the northern limits claimed by the Marylanders. The 
knowledge of this observation occasioned considerable uneasiness 
among the settlers regarding the title of their lands. In 1Y22 the 
activities of the Marylanders became more marked, and their claims 
more extended, their surveyors being active as far north as opposite 
the mouth of the Conestoga, some thirteen miles north of the present 
boundary of Maryland, or five miles south of 40 degrees north lati- 
tude. In the spring of 1722 Governor Keith, on a trip to the Indians 
at Conestoga, found them disturbed by rumors that Marylanders were 
planning to settle and develop some mining properties in that region. 
The Indians had with Pennsylvania a treaty according to which the 
latter were to make no surveys or settlements on the west side of the 
Susquehanna, but Governor Keith, out of the kindness of his heart, 
to allay the fears of his friends, the Indians, decided to lay off a 
large tract for his own use on the west side of the river at the place 
where Philip Syng was preparing to survey under a Maryland 
license. In this way it was hoped that the Marylanders might be 
forestalled. Finding, however, that Syng and his companions per- 
sisted in their efforts and actually surveyed the same territory for 
their own rights Governor Keith had the latter arrested for surveying 
contrary to an agreement between himself and the Governor of Mary- 
land dated the 31st of March. In order to make the matter more 
secure Governor Keith issued a warrant for the survey of Springets- 
bury Manor for the advantage of the proprietaries. In this way he 
attempted to establish a prior claim to all of the territory on the 
west bank of the Susquehanna River northward from the mouth of 
Octoraro Creek. Although these surveys were made contrary to the 
treaty with the Indians they were justified from the Pennsylvania 
standpoint in that they tended to allay border controversy, and in 
that the territory lay far to the north of the Octoraro line which they 
regarded as the southern limits of their province. The aggressive 



160 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

position of the Governor was not entirely sanctioned by his Council, 
who on the 20 June decided that the question of lands involved in the 
recent surveys of the Governor v^^as outside their province but that 
as the extension of the Octoraro line westv^ard, as suggested by Gov- 
ernor Keith, affected the interests of the people they could express 
the opinion that such a line ought not to be run except with the con- 
sent of the Governor of Maryland. 

On the 29 August, 1723, Charles Calvert, Governor of Maryland, 
wrote to Governor Keith notifying him that he expected in Septem- 
ber to go up the Susquehanna to observe the latitude at forty degrees. 
He received a reply from Pennsylvania to the effect that if the Mary- 
land officials, either with, or without, the authority of their pro- 
prietor, attempted to make any observations, or run any lines north 
of the Octoraro, they would be strenuously opposed. At the same 
time a request was made that there might be a conference between 
the Governors before anything serious occurred. This firm stand of 
Governor Keith seemed to have had little, or no, effect on the Mary- 
landers, as Governor Calvert wrote on the 19 August, that he planned 
to be at Baldfryar on the 9 September on his way up the river to 
make the observation. Fortunately before any trouble arose from 
this attempt at survey the agreement of 1724 was concluded between 
the proprietaries in England. 

The more notable instances of trouble along the border arising 
from these aggressive efforts on the part of the respective proprietors 
are the Adams Short-Davy Evans case in 1721 ; the arrest of Messrs. 
Taylor and Gatchell in 1722 ; the arrest of the Lowe boys in 1731 ; 
the Cresap controversy in 1736-7; and that of Digg's choice in 1738. 

Tempokaky Line of 1739-40. 

The increasingly serious character of the border tumult culminat- 
ing in the Cresap case led the Governor and both houses of the 
Assembly of Maryland to petition George II, imploring his protec- 
tion and defense and such relief as should seem to him proper. The 
narration of incidents quickly produced an order from the King in 
Council to the Governors of Maryland and Pennsylvania forbid- 
ding all disorders along the boundaries, and enjoining them from 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 161 

making any grants in the disputed territory. Such stringent com- 
mands stopping the granting of lands brought Lord Baltimore and 
the Penns together in an agreement, signed the 4 May, 1738. Accord- 
ing to this instrument all the lands then possessed were to remain 
as they were and the vacant lands were to be under the jurisdiction 
of Pennsylvania and Maryland, respectively, until the boundaries 
should be finally settled according to temporary lines laid down in 
the agreement. The Committee for Plantation Affairs recommended 
the terms of the agreement and on the 25 May, 1Y38, the king 
ordered that a temporary line be drawn fifteen and a quarter miles 
south of Philadelphia on the east side of the Susquehanna River, 
and fourteen and three quarter miles south of Philadelphia on the 
west side, and that these were to be the limits of the two provinces 
until their boundary was finally fixed. The peculiar location of this 
boundary was due to an attempt to fix the line near that of the agree- 
ment of 1732 without giving that document any direct approval. 

The receipt of the Royal Order in America was signalized by proc- 
lamations issued by the respective Governors. During the Fall of the 
year an unsuccessful attempt was made to run the line under the 
joint auspices of Maryland and Pennsylvania, but as the Maryland- 
ers did not attend at the time appointed. Governor Penn hired two 
surveyors from the Jerseys to lay out the lines of the agreement. 
They began at Philadelphia, running westward, and thence south- 
ward to the latitude specified in the agreement, and thence west to 
the Susquehanna River. This was an ex parte line and was of 
interest only as the first of the three lines run to determine the loca- 
tion of the east-west boundary between the two Provinces. In 
December, 1738, Lawrence Growden and Richard Peters on the part 
of Pennsylvania were commissioned to join Levin, Gale, and Samuel 
Chamberlaine, commissioners on the part of Maryland, for running 
Ihe temporary line. These gentlemen met in Philadelphia on the 
5th of the month, determined the position of the most southern point 
of Philadelphia, and discussed the methods of regulating the varia- 
tions of the compass. Six days later, after having extended the line 
about two miles, the commissioners adjourned on account of the 
weather, to meet on the 5th of April, 1739, following. Beginning 



162 HISTOKT OF THE BOUNDAKT DISPUTE 

the work at that time the commissioners reached a point 31 miles 
west of Philadelphia on the 23rd April. From this point, supposed 
to be of the same latitude as the southernmost point of Philadelphia, 
the line was to be measured south fifteen and a quarter miles accord- 
ing to the terms of agreement. Before this southerly line was com- 
menced, however, a discussion arose between the commissioners as to 
whether the measurements should be made horizontally or super- 
ficially, according to the inequalities of the surface. The Maryland 
commissioners urged the latter and less usual method of mensuration, 
since their joint line was already eighty perches south of the corre- 
sponding line run by the Jersey surveyors, and every foot saved in 
the fifteen and a quarter miles meant so much more for Maryland 
along its entire northern border. The discussion grew somewhat 
acrimonious as the Maryland commissioners felt that considerable 
territory was at stake. On the other hand the Pennsylvania com- 
missioners, through information acquired by their chain-carrier, 
Eastburn, who had been with the Jersey surveyors, knew that the dif- 
ference was only twenty-five perches. A compromise was reached by 
the concession on the part of the Pennsylvanians of this amount. 
When the south line had been measured the corner was found to be 
no more than twenty perches south of that previously fixed by the 
Jersey surveyors. The westerly line was extended by the joint com- 
missioners to the Susquehanna River, reached on the 5th May, 1Y39, 
the line running on the south side of a steep rocky point sometimes 
called Lindsey's Point. Before extending the line to the water's 
edge, at a distance back from the river of one and a half miles an 
offset was made to the north of a half a mile corresponding to the dif- 
ference between the lines on the east and west sides of the river. The 
location of the more northerly line on the west bank of the Susque- 
hanna River was indicated by a marked tree which was accepted by 
all as the beginning of the line on that side of the Susquehanna. 
When this work had been completed Mr. Gale, on account of the death 
of his son and the illness of other members of his family, was com- 
pelled to leave the party. His companion, Mr. Chamberlaine, did 
not feel warranted in going on as the only representative of Mary- 
land. Anticipating that this might be the case, the commissioners 
of Pennsylvania had secured from Governor Thomas authority under 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 163 

date of May 1, 1739, to proceed westward with an ex parte line mark- 
ing the boundary between the two Provinces. This ex parte com- 
mission began its line at the hickory tree which had been accepted 
by the joint commission as the beginning of the westerly line and 
continued their work westward, using the same instrument and the 
same variation (5° 25'), until their line reached the top of the "most 
western hill of a range of hills called the Kittochtinny hills, 88 miles 
from the place of beginning." The line was stopped at this point, 
as the treaties between the Indians and Europeans at that time stip- 
ulated that no settlements should be made by the latter to the west 
of the Blue Ridge. 

This Temporary Line became the accepted boundary between 
Maryland and Pennsylvania until the settlement of the controversy 
by Mason and Dixon in 1763-68. Even as late as 1773 the Mary- 
land Assembly defines one of the county boundaries by this Tempo- 
rary Boundary, which had been superseded by the Mason and Dixon 
line for several years. 

Agreement of 1732. ' 

The agreement of May 10, 1732, which changed the entire aspect 
of the controversy, and marked the beginning of the end in the long 
dispute between the successive proprietors, appears to have been the 
direct product of a petition preferred on 1 July, 1731, by Lord Balti- 
more to His Majesty, George II. In this petition His Majesty was 
asked to order the proprietor of Pennsylvania to unite forthwith with 
Lord Baltimore in ascertaining the boundaries between their respect- 
ive Provinces, and that in case of refusal or failure to do this within 
a year His Majesty would be pleased to review the entire question 
and issue such orders as seemed proper in the case. In presenting 
his petition. Lord Baltimore reviewed the terms of the original char- 
ter, and something of the history of the various attempts to come to 
a harmonious agreement. The terms of the petition were not satis- 
factory to the Penns and the whole movement was claimed by them to 
have been but an attempt on the part of Lord Baltimore to obtain 
advantages through the youth and ignorance of the Penns. As 
stated elsewhere this charge may have applied to Richard and 
Thomas Penn, but was hardly applicable to John Penn, who had th© 



164 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDAEY DISPUTE 

matter in charge. He was of the same age as Lord Baltimore and 
already for several years had had his mind directed to the questions 
at issue through the letters and advice of his faithful follower, James 
Logan. 

The petition was referred to the Committee of the Privy Council 
for appeals from the Plantation in the Colonies, and they in turn 
referred it to the Committee for Trade and Plantations. Efforts 
were soon made to reach an amicable agreement and many meetings 
were held during which time the terms of the instrument were dis- 
cussed. Each side claimed that the other was the initiator of attempts 
to reach an agreement and each claimed, subsequently, that the terms 
employed were those suggested by the opponent. The origin of the 
map upon which the lines of the agreement were determined, 
copies of which were later appended, not only to the agreement, but 
also to the commissions issued by the successive proprietors, seems 
to have been the chief subject of contention. According to the Penns, 
Lord Baltimore at one of the meetings produced the original map 
from his pocket and drew upon it lines denoting the manner in which 
he would have the boundaries run. The Penns in turn also produced 
a map and drew upon it the way in which they proposed that the 
boimdaries should be laid down. This happened on the 20 July, 
1731. At the time there seems to have been some dispute as to 
whether the northern boundary of Maryland should be fifteen or 
twenty miles south of Philadelphia, although afterwards Lord Balti- 
more swore that he did not propose or consent to such limits, but that 
he had always held that the northern boundary should be at 40 
degrees complete. Two days later the interested parties held another 
meeting when the form of an agreement based upon their previous 
discussions was considered. It was then recognized that it would 
be difficult to describe the bounds in -words, and that there would 
be an advantage in annexing to the agreement a map. This brought 
up the question as to which map was to be employed. According 
to the Penns it was the map first sho^vn by Lord Baltimore that was 
ultimately adopted. In 1737 Lord Baltimore admitted that there 
was no material difference between the map used in the agreement 
and that produced by him. These facts are of interest in considering 
the charge subsequently made by the Baltimores that the map 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 165 

inserted in the agreement was false, and intentionally so, to the 
advantage of the Penns. The map employed represents Cape Ilen- 
lopen, one of the points mentioned in the order of 1685 and in the 
agreement of 1Y32, at a point fifteen miles south of the point now 
known by that name. The origin of this peculiar geographic modi- 
fication has been a favorite subject of discussion by all writers on the 
Penn-Baltimore controversy. The apologists of Penn have regarded 
the interchange as one which developed through subsequent ages and 
attempts have been made to give etymological explanations involving 
two capes of approximately the same name, Cape Loopen applied to 
the southern, or false cape, and Cape Inloopen to the present cape. 
This is the explanation of James Logan, whose correspondence shows 
that he recognized the extreme difficulty in placing the bounds where 
they were of most advantage to his proprietor. Bozman suggested 
that the confusion arose by the prefix of the aspirate which in the 
Swedish would change the meaning of the word Inlopen from the 
interior to the exterior cape. Many other explanations have been 
given as to the cause of this curious transposition. The fact that the 
term was used loosely seems now to be established. The explanations 
based on difi^erent spellings appear to be unwarranted since varia- 
tions are found in single documents where only a single spot is under 
discussion. The work of Asher on the Visscher map and its descend- 
ants shows the accepted usage of the Dutch cartographers during the 
seventeenth century to have been as urged by the Penns. The Eng- 
lish maps at that time followed Smith and Visscher. The Swedish 
map of Lindstrom, 1655 ( ?) is doubtful, but apparently follows mod- 
ern usage. The Herman map of 16Y0 clearly represents the present 
cape and probably the modern usage began about that time. The 
decision of 1685 was based on the Visscher* map and its terms must 

*The map used before the Privy Council in 1685, with autograph note by W. 
P., was offered in the Coleman sale of 1870 along with the Penn MSS, 
purchased by the Pennsylvania Historical Society. It was subsequently listed 
by Allen in 1872 and by Ellis In 1883. Since this report was written this 
old map has reappeared in the market. Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.. who 
offer it in their catalogue of April, 1908, write that it is now owned by a 
foreign correspondent, who gained possession of it about 1904. Although 
the price of the map in the meantime has materially increased it is to be 
hoped that some library like that of the Pennsylvania Historical Society 
may secure it, since it is the means of disproving one of the most serious 
charges made against the Penns during the entire controversy. 



166 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

be interpreted accordingly. The change in usage is a natural one. 

The well-known term Cape Henlopen with its various spellings, at 
first used loosely, became fixed finally on the single well-defined 
geographical point. The accurate usage of the present was delayed 
by the error of the Visscher maps. The decision of 1685 occurred 
during the period of uncertain usage, that of 1750, generations after 
the modern usage had been unified. 

Commission of 1Y32. ' 

The agreement of 1732 authorized the appointment of commis- 
sioners by the respective parties to it who were to be given power 
suflS^cjient to execute all that had been agreed upon. Commissions 
identical in terms, except so far as differences in authors and recip- 
ients required modification, were issued by the Penns and Lord Bal- 
timore, and were immediately dispatched to America on the same 
vessel with Thomas Penn, reaching there the 19 August, Governor 
Ogle receiving his four days later. In the letter accompanying the 
commissions and a copy of the agreement. Governor Gordon of Penn- 
sylvania expressed the hope that they might speedily commence the 
fulfillment of their exacting duties, and suggested that the most sat- 
isfactory place for meetings would be at jSTewcastle. Governor Ogle 
in turn suggested that the first meeting be held at ISTewtown ( Chester- 
town), Maryland, on 6 October. The first meeting was actually held 
in accordance with this suggestion. Six other meetings of the joint 
commission were held before the eighteen months specified in the 
agreement elapsed. Most of the time at the meetings was spent in 
the discussion of two questions, and the rest of the time was spent 
in mutual innuendoes as to the real intent of the conuaissioners 
respecting the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement. The most 
prominent characters in the commissions were Governors Gordon of 
Pennsylvania and Ogle of Maryland, men who had seen long serv- 
ice in the British army, and who had but recently been appointed 
Governors of their respective Provinces. Governor Gordon, 
appointed Governor of Pennsylvania in 1726, was a sturdy old gen- 
tleman approaching ninety years of age when the meetings were held. 
Governor Ogle was somewhat younger, a man of character and matur- 



I 



EESTJBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 167 

itj. At their first meeting at iN'ewtowii the Pennsylvania commis- 
sioners announced their readiness to proceed with the survey of the 
boundaries, hut the Maryland commissioners asked an adjournment 
until the 30th of the month on account of the illness of their 
surveyor. 

From their first meeting at l^ewcastle on 17 October, 1732, until 
the 24 ISTovember, 1733, the commissioners met four times at !N"ew- 
castle, once at Joppa and once in Philadelphia. Two questions were 
the occasion of all their discussions. The first developed on the 30 
October, when the commissioners re-assembled at ISTewcastle. At the 
time Governor Ogle, admitting that he was empowered to lay off 
the circle, said he could not see any power granted him to determine 
the center of such a circle. The Pennsylvanians held that the greater 
included the less, nevertheless, they allowed an adjournment until 
February 1, 1732/3, on account of the expected arrival of Lord 
Baltimore and the opportunity thereby afforded the Maryland com- 
missioners to confer with their principal as to the powers delegated 
by him to them. On the 1 February, when the commissioners met 
again at ISTewcastle, Governor Ogle attempted to renew the discus- 
sion as to the powers of the commissioners to determine the center 
of the circle. He was, however, forced to waive the question by the 
Pennsylvania commissioners who had held consistently to the view 
that they were empowered to do everything necessary for surveying 
the circle. The second question related entirely to the size of the 12 
miles circle around jSTewcastle.' The conception of such a circle 
originated in the agreement from the terms of the original deeds of 
feoffment passed from the Duke of York to William Penn in 1682. 
In the agreement, however, the phrase employed was a little more 
explicit, in that the circle was said to be of 12 miles radius. The 
Maryland commissioners took the position that the later papers were 
drawn upon the older, that the introduction of the more definite 
description was an inadvertency, and that the original circle about 
Newcastle had been thought of as of 12 miles in circumference (that 
is less than two miles in radius), and not 12 miles distant from ISTew- 
castle. The Pennsylvanians in turn held to the sounder position that 
the gpflimissions actu^llv q^]\ed, ioj ^ pirole with 12 miles radios. 



168 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

that they must obey this even if the proprietors had made a mistake, 
and that, in all probability, no mistake had been made, as the original 
feoffments were clearly based on a circle of 12 miles radius. This 
question was discussed over and over again in the various meetings. 
Finally on the 24 November, 1733, with less than a month remain- 
ing of the life of the agreement, the commissioners signed a joint note 
stating that they found themselves unable to agree sufficiently to 
make the first step in the actual survey of the boundaries. 

The presence of a penalty clause involving the payment of £5,000 
by the party who failed to conform to the agreement caused the com- 
missioners on both sides to be careful of their actions in order that 
they might not be penalized therefor. At the same time there seems 
to have been a half acknowledged desire on the part of the Mary- 
landers that the attempts of the settlement should come to nought. 
The Penns in subsequent papers go so far as to accuse the commis- 
sioners of being interested in large tracts of land lying in the dis- 
puted zone and of being ready to re-emburse Lord Baltimore if a 
penalty should be incurred by any failure to carry out the agreement. 
Apparently with this end in view the Marylanders seized an oppor- 
tune breaking of the quorum by the Pennsylvanian commissioners as 
the occasion for the adjournment, with the onus of failure resting 
upon the Pennsylvanians. The actual facts in the case are not quite 
clear, as there was much later recrimination on both sides. The 
Marylanders claimed that the absence of the Pennsylvanian commis- 
sioners was a carefully concerted move on their part when it was 
found that the Marylanders were ready to settle down to business. 
Even more serious charges were made by the attorneys of the Penns 
in preparing their brief for the famous Chancery case involving the 
honesty of Lord Baltimore, who was charged with connivance, if not 
actual instigation, of this attempt to break up the proceedings. This, 
however, was subsequently denied by Lord Baltimore on his oath. 
The incident probably arose from the over-zealous action of his com- 
missioners who appeared to have received no reprimand from their 
superior. 



resurvey of mason-dixon line 169 

Petition of August 8, 1734. 

jSTo account of the failure of the commissioners to reach a har- 
monious action seems to have reached Europe until late in the suc- 
ceeding Spring, when the accounts were accompanied by rumors of 
unrest and disturbance along the borders. The state of the province 
was such that John Penn embarked for America on 9 July, in the 
hope of quieting his people. Within a month Lord Baltimore pre- 
sented a petition to His Majesty requesting a confirmation of his 
charter. The petition in turn was referred to the Committee of 
Trades and Plantations. A hearing was appointed for the 10th day 
of December, 1734. The Penns claim that Lord Baltimore seized 
the opportunity to present this petition during the absence of the 
older Penns and that the petition was artfully worded in its narra- 
tion of the history of the case. Lord Baltimore in reply has sworn 
that he did not know that John Penn had gone to America and that 
the petition had been presented without regard to Thomas Penn's 
absence as soon as he, Lord Baltimore, could arrange matters after 
his return from Maryland. The charge that the statements of the 
petition were insincere was also answered by Lord Baltimore in the 
same document in 1737. jSTeither party had occasion to criticise 
the other in the artful omission, or modification, of pertinent facts. 
They appear to have been about equally successful and equally per- 
sistent in their efforts to mislead their auditors. 

The petition of August, 1734, was taken into consideration on 
the 10th September, 16th and 21st October, 20th and 31st of Decem- 
ber, at which times Mr. Paris was actually if not officially, present 
as the representative of the Penns. He apparently appeared for the 
plaintiffs on the 16th of October and he was present with Richard 
Penn on the 21st of October, when he secured an adjournment until 
the 30th of December. At the hearing on the latter date, as well as 
that held eleven days later, Mr. Paris was also present in his private 
capacity, according to the statements of Lord Baltimore, although 
one might infer from a brief, doubtless prepared by Mr. Paris him- 
self, in the early part of 1735, that the hearings had been in secret 
hehmi closed doors, Q« tbe 16th of J^^iuar;^, 1735, tl;^ Cgijiii^itt-f^^ 



^^ 



170 HISTOKY or THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

of Trades and Plantations made their report to His Majesty to the 
effect that since the Penns had refused to present their own case 
thej had examined the several facts mentioned in the petition and 
that they found no reason to doubt that the lands were comprised 
within the limits of the Maryland charter of 1632, and that they had 
found in the ancient records of their office the Order of Council of 
4th of April, 1638, and that the limiting clause hactenus inculta 
was not inserted by way of restriction, and that in case the rights to 
this land were still in the crown they recommended Baltimore 
to His Majesty's favor. This report and the original petition were 
referred by His Majesty to his Privy Council, While it was under 
their consideration Mr. Paris presented a petition setting up a title 
to the Three Lower Counties but praying they might not be obliged 
to set forth the same. This petition also asked that that of Lord Bal- 
timore might be dismissed and that the possession and title of the 
Penns might be confirmed. A hearing was finally ordered on 2 May, 
1Y35, when it was brought out that Lord Baltimore was bound by the 
agreement of 1732. On 10 May the Council made a report to His 
Majesty, who on 16 May, 1735, ordered that the consideration of the 
various petitions and reports should be adjourned to the end of 
Michaelmas term, and that either party might have opportunity to 
obtain relief in a Court of Equity. This Order led to the famous 
Chancery suit which began with the filing of a bill on 21 June, 1735, 
and ended with the decision of the Lord High Chancellor 15 May, 
1750. 

The Chancery Case, 1735-1750. 

One who would understand the detail of the Chancery Suit by 
which the Penns sought to obtain a specific execution of the agree- 
ment of 1732, must go at once to the consideration of the documents 
connected with the case which dragged its weary course for fifteen 
years through an intricate labyrinth of historical and legal details. 
All of the general papers relating to the case are available and the 
bills of the Penns, together with the documentary evidence which 
they presented, have been published in the sixteenth volume of the 
second series of the Pennsylvania Archives. Some of the evidence 
foT the Baltipaoreg has been pregerved and partially published, but 



EESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE I7l 

it is a matter of regret to all who would learn both, sides of the case 
in their entirety, that the evidence now generally available is so one- 
sided. 

In reading the published papers in the Pennsylvania Archives one 
must constantly bear in mind the fact that the annotations are 
strongly partisan and often lead to conclusions at variance with the 
facts as now known. Similar partisan notes of opposite tenor may 
be seen in the manuscript copies of the same documents among the 
Calvert Papers. 

An attempt is made in the following pages to present, succinctly 
and free from all minor details, a simple statement of the progress 
of the legal contest which ultimately led to the running of the Mason 
and Dixon line. 

The permission, or suggestion, of the Privy Council that either 
of the contestants might try their success by a suit in equity was 
speedily adopted by the Penns, who on the 21 June, 1735, within five 
weeks of the date when permission was granted, filed a lengthy and 
exhaustive bill in Chancery for the specific execution of the agree- 
ment signed by Lord Baltimore May 10, 1732. This document is 
a mine of information regarding the entire controversy and appears 
to be a model in completeness and brevity, considering the mass of 
information involved in the case. To this are appended a list of 
nearly a hundred questions which Lord Baltimore, as defendant, is 
asked to answer and several prayers in favor of the plaintiffs. Pour 
days later Lord Baltimore was served with a notice to answer this 
extended charge. On 1 July, ten days after the Bill was filed, the 
Penns asked for and received an order of sequestration against Lord 
Baltimore on the ground of the latter's non-appearance. On 29 July 
a similar order was received on account of Lord Baltimore's failure 
to file an answer. The bill, as filed, contained many serious charges 
against Lord Baltimore, who on 2 August prayed for and obtained an 
order to refer the bill to a master in Chancery on the ground of scan- 
dal and impertinence. The Penns in turn, two months later (Octo- 
ber 11), obtained an order that the master proceed in the case. We 
find that in about a year after the Bill was originally filed Master 
Eld reported on 25 May, 1736, that the Bill was neither scandalous 



1^2 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDAKT DISPUTE 

nor impertinent. Towards the close of that year, on 18 December, 
the Penns received permission to amend their original Bill, and on 
15 June, 1737, almost two years after the Bill was filed Lord Balti- 
more answered the questions therein proposed. The papers prepared 
by the solicitors of the Penns and Lord Baltimore, as represented by 
the Bill and its .answer, show considerable difference in the ability 
with which the case is handled. The presentation of the Penns is 
plausible and in accord with the historic facts as they are now known 
to us, while that sworn to by Lord Baltimore appears to carry less 
weight and is less accurate. By it Lord Baltimore is led to several 
positions which are scarcely tenable, as when he denies that the 
Three Lower Counties were ever called, or esteemed, as belonging 
to Pennsylvania, or that William Penn was ever in quiet possession 
of any part of them ; or where he sees no difference between running 
a circle two miles distant from ISTewcastle and the circle described in 
the agreement. He is also made to say that Pennsylvania and the 
Three Lower Counties are on the east side of the Delaware. The 
Penns took nearly a year in which to reply to Lord Baltimore's 
answer, their response being filed on 20 April, 1738. To this appar- 
ently Lord Baltimore did not reply and he was served on 27 l^ovem- 
ber with a subpoena to make a rejoinder to the Penns. 

Realizing that the case was to be stubbornly contested on both sides 
and that the witnesses who knew anything of the conditions when the 
controversy first arose, must now be aged and soon unavailable as 
sources of evidence, the Penns and the Baltimores were authorized 
on 8 February, 1739, to take evidence in America, the Penns at Phil- 
adelphia and JSTewcastle, Lord Baltimore in Maryland. The latter 
commission was modified on 13 March to allow the taking of testi- 
mony at Annapolis, elsewhere in Maryland, or in the Three Lower 
Counties. The Baltimore commission was executed between 9 April 
and 18 September, 1740, while that of the Penns was executed from 
October 20 to ISTovember 28. These commissions were respectively 
returned to Lord Baltimore on the 16 January, 1741, and to the 
Penns on 30 July, following. On 14 February and 28 April, 1742, 
the Penns obtained orders to enlarge the time of publication and on 
the 17 of June and 13 of July, following, Lord Baltimore's solicitors 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 173 

received similar orders. Publication was finally passed on August 
11, 1742. 

Subsequent to the hearing in Chancery upon these depositions Lord 
Baltimore's solicitors found in the Record Office a copy of the Order 
of 4 April, 1638, which neither they nor the keeper, Mr. Gallibrand, 
had been able to find when the search was made the preceding Sum- 
mer. Permission was accordingly given for the examination of wit- 
nesses regarding this order on the 9 June, 1743. A little later the 
solicitors agreed to extend still further the time for taking testimony, 
and on 26 October, 1743, Lord Baltimore was allowed to amend the 
case, making the Attorney General a party to it. ISTothing more seems 
to have been done until after the death of John Penn, which occurred 
on the 16 October, 1746. A hearing was held ten days later, but 
was immediately adjourned on account of the absence of the Attorney 
General and the endorsers of the agreement. On 14 May, 1747, the 
Penns filed a Supplemental Bill and a Bill of Revisor which was 
answered by Lord Baltimore six months later. The introduction of 
this new bill occasioned the examination of new witnesses and further 
dilatory movements on the part of Baltimore which seem to have 
occupied the time from 1747 until 1750, when on the 15 May, 1750, 
Lord Hardwicke issued his decree as High Chancellor requiring the 
specific performance of the agreement of 1732. 

LoED Hakdwicke's Decision. 

The decision of the Chancellor was preceded by an extensive 
review of the case and the reasons for the conclusion which he 
reached. Abstracts of this argument are found among the Calvert 
Papers and the position of the Chancellor may be summarized as fol- 
lows: 

The bill prayed for the specific performance of the Articles of 
Agreement signed on May 10, 1732 and the Chancellor argued that 
relief should be granted unless it were shown (1) that the Court 
lacked jurisdiction; (2) that the agreement was not proper because 
of its effect on the rights of the Crown ; (3) that it affected the rights 
of the people ; or (4) that it was improper for one ©f the following 
reasons: Because the agreement in itself was voluntary. Because 



174 HISTOKY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

the time limit had elapsed. Because the agreement was in the nature 
of submission to an arbitration in which there had been no award. 
Because it was void on account of an imposition on the defendants 
in that the latter had been mistaken in respect to their original 
rights. Because the terms of the agreement were in themselves un- 
certain. Because the Penns had no rights entitling them to an agree- 
ment, or because the Court could not make the degree effectual if one 
were issued. 

The Chancellor argued that the Court possessed sufficient juris- 
diction since both parties had submitted the questions to it and from 
the fact that the agreement, although dealing with lands in America, 
had been executed in England. In the same manner the argument 
that there was no occasion why relief should not be granted on 
account of any effect upon the rights of the Crown or the people as 
the former had ordered a division by the acts of 1685 and 1709 and 
the people were left in possession of their private rights. Likewise 
all of the eight reasons assigned why the original agreement was 
improper were discussed and decided adverse to the defendants. It 
is usually said, and rightly so, that this decision of 1750 was one of 
specific performance of the agreement of 1732 and that it did not 
touch upon the original rights of the contestants. The Chancellor, 
however, did discuss to some extent the question of imposition and 
possible mistakes on the part of the defendant with respect to his orig- 
inal rights, and the position was taken by the Chancellor that the 
Privy Council appeared to be in the right in its interpretation of the 
limiting clause of the preamble of the Maryland charter, and that the 
locations of the Capes were correct as stated by the plaintiffs. His 
argument was based upon the fact that these were the locations given 
on the maps of Visscher, Bleau, Ogilvy, and DeLaet. It is now 
known that these locations arose from error on the part of Visscher 
which was repeated time and again until the incorrect locations were 
assumed in Europe to be the proper ones. 

At the close of his argument the Chancellor decreed that the agree- 
ment of 1732 should be fulfilled and that the specific performance 
of the agreement should include the appointment of commissioners 
within three months who were to be authorized to run and lay out the 
part of a circle and the several lines called for in the original Arti- 



KESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 175 

cles. Their work was ordered to be completed bj the last day of April, 
1752. After their work had been completed the proprietors were to 
take the second step towards the performance of the agreement by the 
execution of mutual deeds of release and conveyance wherever 
necessary at the cost of the party to whom such a release should be 
made. The Chancellor further allowed both parties liberty to apply 
to the Court whenever occasion demanded. The final point of the 
decree dealt with the adjustment of costs of this long-drawn-out and 
expensive suit. The Plaintiffs were ordered to pay to the Earl of 
PuUot his costs incurred as a defendant, while Lord Baltimore was 
ordered to pay to the Penns all costs incurred to the date of the 
decree. 

In the course of the document the Chancellor decided three ques- 
tions which had been occasions of difficulty with the Commissioners 
of 1732, holding that the center of the circle should be in the middle 
of the tovni of Newcastle; that this circle should be of a radius or 
semi-diameter of 12 miles; and that "Cape Henlopen ought to be 
deemed and taken to be situated at the place where the same is laid 
dovsm and described in the Map or Plan annexed" to the Articles of 
Agreement. 

Survey of the Tkanspeninsulak Line^ 1750. 

The decree issued by Lord Hardwicke authorized the appointment 
of commissioners for the carrying out of the original agreement. 
Commissions were accordingly issued by the proprietors on the last 
of June, following. According to these documents the commissioners 
were authorized to supervise the running of a transpeninsular line 
from "Cape Henlopen" (Penwick's Island) to the Chesapeake, and 
from the middle point of the same to run a meridian line northward 
as a try line to determine the relations between the middle point and 
the center of l^ewcastle. They were also authorized to run a due 
east and west line fifteen miles south of Philadelphia. The commis- 
sioners met at N'ewcastle, Delaware, on 15 ISTovember, 1750, and 
organized by the reading of their commissions and the appointment 
of two clerks, who were to keep two sets of the minutes. They 
decided that the first thing to do was to find the center of ITewcastle 



176 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

and arranged that the Baltimore surveyors should survey the town 
while those representing Penn should attend and take the notes. This 
was done accordingly, and the center of the town and circle was 
agreed upon as at the courthouse. When this was done the method 
of locating the circle was discussed. The Pennsylvanians held that 
the circle should be determined by a series of chords subtending each 
degree of the arc. The Marylanders appear to have suggested the 
very impracticable method of running a series of radii from the 
courthouse. The old question of 1739 as to whether the miles should 
be measured horizontally or superficially also arose. Care had been 
taken by Lord Hardwicke to specify that the miles should be English 
statute miles, but the commissioners wrangled as to whether statute 
miles were measured horizontally or superficially. The Pennsyl- 
vania commissioners finally suggested that two lines be run, one 
measured superficially, the other horizontally, and that they then 
await the final decision. The Marylanders objected to the running of 
such ex 'parte lines and suggested that the commissions be examined, 
all possible sources of disagreement discussed, and that further 
instructions be asked upon matters in dispute. They finally com- 
promised by agreeing to meet at Cape Henlopen and mark the begin- 
ning of the transpeninsula line. Even this was later modified to an 
agreement that two surveyors should go to Cape Henlopen and settle 
the variation of the compass and begin the running of the line west- 
ward to the Chesapeake. The commissioners were to meet at Cape 
Henlopen in December. The surveyors had a sorry time in their 
efforts to start the line, as there were serious storms and their 
temporary cabin on Eenwick Island was burned, leaving them only 
partially clad on a cold wintry night. They stayed there, however, 
and took successful observations at five o'clock on the following morn- 
ing. They succeeded during the twenty-two days that they were on 
the work in clearing a line some six miles west from Fenwick's 
Island. Then the surveyors of both sides declined to proceed further 
on account of the season. The following Spring, on 22 April, 1751, 
the commissioners and surveyors met and considered the point of 
beginning of Cape Henlopen. They finally decided to take the line 
already run by the surveyors, who, according to the statement of one 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 177 

John Bowden, quoted by John Watson, had started this line from an 
old stake which had been set up for the making of drum lines, but 
which the commissioners and surveyors evidently regarded as an early 
land mark. On the 27 of the month the surveyors were sworn in and 
began their work, which they extended westward until June 12, 
when at a distance of 66 miles they reached Slaughter Creek, a trib- 
utary of the Chesapeake cutting off James, or Taylor Island. Three 
days later, at a distance of sixty-nine miles, 298 perches, they came 
to the eastern side of Chesapeake Bay. On the following day their 
work was approved by the commissioners. The Maryland commis- 
sioners contended, however, that as Taylor's Island was entirely sur- 
rounded by water, it was not a part of the peninsula and that the line 
should stop at Slaughter Creek. The Pennsylvania commissioners, 
on the other hand, held that as Slaughter Creek was but two feet deep 
at low water it should not be regarded as a part of Chesapeake Bay. 
The commissioners agreed to refer the question to the Lord High 
Chancellor and thereby avoid any delay. They then adjourned to 
await the decision of the Lord Chancellor and further instructions 
from their proprietors. Accordingly nothing more was done for the 
next ten years, as Charles, Fifth Lord Baltimore, had died in Eng- 
land while the line was being run. 

The death of Lord Baltimore introduced new legal difficulties 
delaying the settlement of the boundary dispute. In his will the pro- 
prietary rights in Maryland were bequeathed to his daughter and not 
to his son, Frederick, who inherited the title. Such a separation of 
the property from the title was the occasion for legal conflict, and it 
was ultimately decided that Charles, Lord Baltimore, had no right 
to devise the property away from the title. An even more serious 
occasion for delay arose in the refusal of the young Lord Baltimore 
to be bound by any agreements of his predecessors, on the ground that 
Charles by his marriage articles had been only a tenant for life, while 
Frederick was a tenant entail. Even Mr. Paris, Penn's solicitor, 
appears to have accepted the legality of such an argument. Frederick, 
Lord Baltimore, was at the time in his minority and under the guid- 
ance of his uncle, Cecilius Calvert. On this account we find that an 
attempt to settle the boundary was opposed on account of the minority 



178 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

of his Lordship. On the 30 June, 1752, the Penns petitioned the 
King to appoint suitable persons to join with their commissioners in 
ascertaining the proper boundary lines. At the same time a petition 
was offered in which Lord Baltimore asked that the Penns be obliged 
to join him in ascertaining the boundary. Late in the year Lord 
Baltimore's guardian urged that the whole discussion be postponed 
until his Lordship attained his majority. 

The Agreement of 1760. 

Both parties appeared to have been ready to come to some agree- 
ment but were at odds as to the terms. The Penns were anxious 
to retain all the advantages gained from the agreement of 1732, 
while Lord Baltimore, recognizing that his father had been bettered 
in that agreement, hoped to regain some of the points lost by his 
father. As early as the first of May, 1753, there were suggestions 
regarding the arranging of a new agreement and some discussion as 
to the terms to be employed. But matters, however, did not move 
with sufiicient rapidity to suit the Penns, who on the 8th of N'ovem- 
ber, 1754, filed a bill of Pevisor against Lord Baltimore on which 
an order was issued on the 21 ISTovember, following. Towards the 
last of March in the following year. Lord Baltimore, through his 
solicitors, filed his plea to this Bill of Revisor and on 16 of May, 
following, the plaintiffs were ordered to file an amended bill. This 
was done on 17 September, 1755. A year later Baltimore made 
answer to the bill thus amended. In this answer Lord Baltimore 
denies the accusation laid by the bill and states that he is willing to 
quit his claim to any rights he may have in the questions of the trans- 
peninsula survey if the Penns will relinquish all title to cost against 
Lord Baltimore or his heirs, and that if this were done all the law- 
suits should end and that each should pay his own lawyer's bill. In 
accordance with these suggestions a draft of an agreement between 
the Penns and Lord Baltimore was made as early as the summer of 
1757, which after some slight modifications reached its final form ol 
the 4 July, 1760. It was properly engrossed on parchment, and 
signed on the 17 July, 1760. 



EEStJRVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 179 

During the ten years from the survey of the transpeninsula line to 
the signing of this new agreement by the contending proprietors, the 
Lord High Chancellor had expressed his opinion in favor of hori- 
zontal versus superficial lines, and the circle with the twelve-mile 
radius about ISTewcastle, whose center should be at the court house in 
that town. Everything, therefore, was in order for attempting once 
more the running of the line between the respective Provinces. 
Commissions were accordingly issued on the 5 July, 1760, by the 
respective proprietors authorizing their representatives in America 
to carry out the terms of the agreement of July 4. 

Surveys Under the Agreement of 1760. 

The commissions from the proprietors were received in America 
in September and arrangements were made at once for a joint meet- 
ing of the commissioners. Their first meeting was held on the 19 
N'ovember, 1760, and their final meeting was held IsTovember 9, 1768, 
the term of the commissions having been enlarged from time to time. 
There appears at the present time to be but one complete original 
copy of the minutes of these commissions which is filed in the Land 
Ofiice at Annapolis, Maryland. There are, however, many partial 
records, or manuscript copies, among the Penn manuscripts in the 
Pennsylvania Historical Society, and the Calvert Papers in the 
Maryland Historical Society. The journals of the surveyors are also 
preserved either in their original form or as contemporaneous copies, 
and it is possible to trace the movements of the workers and the 
progress of the various lines from day to day through the seven years 
required to reach a final settlement. This has been done by the 
writers, but any one wishing such detail must go to the original 
authorities, as no attempt will be made to give other than a general 
survey of the work in the following pages.* 

The commissioners met at Newcastle on the 19 August, 1760, 
and organized, by an interchange of credentials and the appointment 
of clerks. Two days later, after considerable discussion, they had 
agreed to fix the middle point of the transpeninsula line, and to run 

*A few details regarding the Mason and Dixon survey may be gleaned from 
the Engineer's report preceding. 



ISO 



HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTIJ 



a true inoridiaii, or north lino, thence until it was intersected by a 
line rnn from the center of ^^ewcnstle in such a way as to avoid the 
Dehiware River. From the length of these two lines and the angle 
of their intersection they proposed to determine the true course of 
the tangent line starting from the middle point and of the radius 




Fio. S. Map showing transpeninsular line and "middle point." 

from the center of Newcastle to the point of tangency. Three days 
more were spent in discussing this same question. On the 24, the 
commissioners expressed their conclusions in the form of eight reso- 
lutions respecting the w»rk to be done and the manner in which this 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINK 181 

was to bo accomplished. 'Plien thov adjourned to meet at a subse- 
quent date near the middle point of the transpeninsula line. 

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE iMim')LE POINT. 

When the surveyors of 1751 ran the trnuspeniusula line they found 
the distance from Fenwick's Island on the east to James Island on 
the -west to be (»*.^ miles, t2!)8 perches, a value a mile and a quarter 
greater than the aetual distance. This error was evenly distributed, 
due to imperfect chaining, so that the methods employed by the com- 
missioners in 17G0 were not as disadvantageous to Maryland interests 
as might at first appear. iVssuming the value obtained by the com- 
missioners of 1751, those of the 1700 proceeded to locate the Middle 
Point by going to the 35-mile post and iinding a point 11 perches 
east of the same where they put up a white oak post at an apparent 
distance of 34 miles and 30',> perches from either shore of the 
peninsula. Several days were spent in marking permanently the 
Middle Point and in determining the true meridian for Avhich two 
observations were made. On the 11 neeember ilnal instructions 
were given to the surveyors to run a north line until it should inter- 
sect with the line from Newcastle, which they were also authorized 
to run. They were not, however, to endanger their health by con- 
tinuing the w^irk throughout the Winter but were allowed to stop if 
the weather became severe. 

RUNNING OF THE MERIDIAN LINE. 

The first attempt. The daj after the commissioners left on 12 
December, 1760, the surveyors commenced to run the meridian line 
northward. They continued in this work for a week when they 
reached the swamps along the Nanticoke Pivcr having run a line six 
miles and 371/^ chains northward from the Middle Point. Hero 
they stopped their work and returned their minutes to their respective 
governors. 

The second attempt. The commissioners met in joint session at 
Chestertown, ]\Iaryland, on 25 March, 17G1, and examined the 
records of the work done the preceding Fall. Finding that the sur- 



182 HISTORY OF THE BOUiMDARY DISPUTE 

veyors had not deviated from the meridian of the Middle Point, they 
ordered them to assemble on the 15th of April and to proceed with 
the running of the line from the point where they had left off. 
Accordingly the surveyors assembled at the ISTanticoke River and 
extended the line from that point to the 25th mile post which they 
reached on 12 June, 1761. At this point they were obliged to give 
up the work temporarily, because the star Alioth, by which they had 
been taking their meridian directions, could no longer be used, as it 
passed the meridian in the day time. The commissioners at their 
meeting on the 25th found that the measurements of the surveyors 
did not quite tally and accordingly instructed the latter to return 
and review their line. They were directed also to meet at the place 
where they had last taken a meridian observation, and take another 
by the use of some other star than Alioth. If the new meridian 
coincided with that already run they were to proceed northward up 
the peninsula. If, however, they found any discrepancy they were 
to wait until Alioth might be observed again. On 6 August, 1761, 
the surveyors proceeded to continue the meridian line northward and 
on the 24 October they reported to the commissioners who had been 
waiting for them at ITewcastle that they had run the line 80 miles 
north of the Middle Point, and that they hoped to finish the line of 
intersection from ISTewcastle in a few days. On 6 iN'ovember the 
lines were completed and were found to intersect at an angle of US'* 
36' at a point seven miles, thirty-nine and ninety-seven hundreds 
chains, from the center of E"ewcastle, and 79 miles 52 chains from 
the Middle Point. Prom these figures it was estimated that the 
tangent line would make an angle of three degrees thirty-two minutes 
and five seconds westerly from the meridian line, and that the radius 
from ISTewcastle to the tangent point should be 19 degrees, 3 minutes, 
and 55 seconds north of the southwesterly intersection line already 
run. The commissioners accordingly gave instruction on the 7 
November for the surveyors to run the radius 12 miles on the course 
indicated, and to mark the same at various points. On 28 E'ovember 
following the surveyors report that they had set up a post marked 
^j which in their opinion was "12 English statute miles, horizontal 
measure, distance from the spire of the court house to ISTew Castle." 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXXVIII. 




lAP SHOWING LINES RUN TO DETERMINE TANGENT POINT. 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 183 

During the following, days the line was re-measured from the post to 
Newcastle. The field party broke up on 2 December, 1761. 

LOCATION OF THE TANGENT LINE. 

First attempt. In the following Spring the surveyors repaired to 
the Middle Point and began on May 31, the running of the tangent 
line. The location of this line was checked by the offsets directed 
by the commissioners southwesterly from the first and fifth mile post 
on the meridian line. As the work progressed other off-sets were 
made from the meridian line to the tangent. Work progressed 
steadily, though with frequent difiiculties on account of the swampy 
territory, until September 9, at which time the surveyors had run 
and marked a line 81 miles, 74 chains and 65 links. This line inter- 
sected the 12 mile radius, previously described, 33 chains and 76 
links, or nearly half a mile, east of the post marked ^ where they 
had hoped to intersect. Moreover, the angle of intersection was found 
to be 26 minutes larger than the required right angle. 

Second attempt. The error in running the first tangent line had 
exceeded the limit set by the commissioners by the time the 15th 
mile post had been passed, but the commissioners to whom this fact 
had been reported evidently thought the errors were in the meridian 
line and that if the tangent line were continued it would not vary 
greatly from the line desired. The failure on the part of the first 
line was reported to the commissioners on the 15th of September, 
when a slight disagreement arose as to whether they should report 
the results of this work and proceed to other lines, as suggested by 
the Maryland commissioners, should revise their calculations, or 
run a new tangent line as suggested by the Pennsylvanians, who 
recognized the possibility of the try line being accepted with the 
consequent loss of a narrow wedge from the Three Lower Counties. 
On 17 September the surveyors were finally instructed to return to 
the Middle Point and to make an off-set at the five-mile post equal 
to 17 minutes 411/2 seconds. They were then to go to the post 
marked ^ and set off an angle of 89 degrees, 55' 43 seconds, with 
the radius and on this course extend a line northward 157 feet 8 
inches, where they were to fix a post marked ^ . These instruc- 



184 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

tions were carried out. In the latter portion of the year the sur- 
veyors were occupied in running a new tangent line northward to 
conform to the new point which had been determined as above 
described. This was not, however, completed until the following 
Spring. Then their line was continued northward reaching the west- 
erly radius from l^ewcastle on 19 August, 1763. Here they found 
that the new tangent line passed 5 chains and 25 links to the westward 
of the post marked ~_ . By computation they found that their true 
tangent line was about 2% minutes easterly. This was much better 
than the former attempt and might, perhaps, have been accepted if 
it had not been for the fact that the commissioners had received word 
from England of the appointment of the two mathematicians, astron- 
omers, or surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, who were 
to come over and assist them in running the lines. With this infor- 
mation before them the commissioners decided to delay making any 
reports to their proprietors regarding the lines already run until they 
had had a conference with the mathematicians. This decision was 
reached on the 22 October, 1Y63, at the conclusion of a meeting of 
the commissioners held at Georgetown. They adjourned to meet in 
Philadelphia in the following month. 

Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. 

While the work was being pushed with considerable energy in 
America, following the sigTiing of the decree in 1760, little seems to 
have been done in England. But one of the two principal move- 
ments made by the proprietors was of particularly noteworthy char- 
acter — the employment of Messrs. Charles Mason and Jeremiah 
Dixon; the other was of minor importance, and was doubtless due 
to the reporting of certain disputes regarding the methods of the 
work and the accuracy of the lines carried on by the commissioners 
in America. The Penns seemed to have gained the impression that 
Lord Baltimore was not doing his share to carry out the agreement ; 
accordingly they made formal complaint that Lord Baltimore had 
refused to perform the agreement of 1760. An answer was filed 
against this charge in the early part of 1762. The proprietors 



KESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 185 

finally united in a petition for the confirmation of their agreement 
of 1760. 

Attempts have been made by Mr. Burchard to gain some additional 
information regarding both the character of the surveyors whose 
names have become household words and the conditions under which 
they were selected to make the survey of the boundary line. To this 
end Mr. Robert Harrison, an assistant secretary of the Royal Society, 
searched the Council Minutes of that Society from 1760 to the end 
of 1765 in an effort to see if these gentlemen had been nominated, or 
appointed, by that organization, which was interested in their work 
and appropriated funds for the determination of the length of a 
degree of latitude in America along the tangent line. The search, 
however, was unsuccessful. It seems on the whole most probable 
that the two men were employed by the proprietors of the two 
Provinces in a private capacity on the recommendation of Mr. 
Makeleyne, the Astronomer Royal, with whom the astronomers had 
previously worked. 

Little, or nothing, is known of the personal history of Messrs. 
Mason and Dixon beyond the fact that they had been employed in 
making observations of an eclipse in Africa whither they had been 
driven by the force of circumstances on a journey to India under- 
taken for the same purpose. Mr. Latrobe in his History of the 
Mason and Dixon Line has attempted to draw some conclusions from 
the signatures which appear so frequently throughout the Journal. 
From these he inferred "that Mason was a cool, deliberate, pains- 
taking man, a man of quiet courage," and that Dixon "was a younger 
man, a more active man, a man of an impatient spirit and of nervous 
temperament, just such a man as sober-sided colleague." Dunlop 
furnishes the additional information that Mr. Mason after some years 
in Europe at work on astronomical tables returned to America with 
his wife and eight small children, where he died, in Philadelphia, 
in 1787. Dixon died in England ten years earlier. 

The engagement of Messrs. Mason and Dixon was decided upon 
on the 20 June, 1763. It was therefore not the result of the failure 
of the local surveyors to run an accurate tangent line on their second 
attempt. It seems rather to have been the result of a letter written 
by the Pennsylvania commissioners in the Pall of 1761 in which they 



186 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DiSPrTE 

strongly set forth the difficulties and efforts of the local surveyors. 
A rough draft of an agreement between the proprietors and the sur- 
veyors is extant dated 20 July, hut it v^as not until 4 August follow- 
ing that this reciprocal agreement was signed by Mason and Dixon 
and the proprietors. The disinterested character of the two sur- 
veyors with respect to the relative rights of the proprietors has been 
accepted usually without question and with apparent justice. There 
is, however, among the documents a letter written in the Spring of 
1764 in which the insinuation is made that they might, perhaps, be 
favoring the Penns who were arranging for the survey of their 
northern boundary with the idea that the work should be given to 
Messrs. Mason and Dixon as a douceur in case they treated them 
right in the survey of the southern boundary. 

The Work of Messrs. Mason and Dixon. 

The original survey by Mason and Dixon is more fully described 
in the report by Captain Hodgkins, but it is well to review briefly 
the subject at this point. Arriving in Philadelphia in the Pall of 
1763 after presenting their credentials to the joint commissioners 
Mason and Dixon, under authority of the commissioners, began their 
work and their journal which gives a daily account of all that they 
did from the 15 ISTovember until their return to England in 1768. 
They were sworn in by the commissioners on the 6 December having 
previously been in attendance since the first of that month. Three 
days later they were formally instructed to determine the latitude 
of the southernmost point of Philadelphia and then to go to make 
similar observations at a point 30 to 35 miles west of the city, and 
to run a due south line 15 miles at the end of which they were to 
determine again the latitude, mark the spot, and notify the commis- 
sioners. On the 15 June, 1764, whether or not the other work was 
completed, they were instructed to go to the Middle Point of the 
transpeninsula line and run by transit a tangent therefrom, in 
accordance with the last course of the surveyors and the hints given 
by Dr. Bevis and Mr. Harris. This line should be marked by posts 
at the end of every mile. The usual instructions were also given 
regarding the keeping of notes, record of buildings past, and the 
respect for property rights of the owners of the lands they traversed. 



KESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 187 

In accordance with these instructions Messrs. Mason and Dixon 
were occupied in determining the latitude at Philadelphia until 7 
January, 1764, when they set out for the forks of the Brandy wine. 
There they were busy taking a second set of latitude observations 
until the 2 April. On the latter date they began the measurement 
of the 15 miles southward which was not completed until the 12 inst. 
After taking numerous observations at the southern end of this line 
and establishing the observatory for closer work the distance was 
re-measured and the corrections applied. It was not until the 13 
June that the location of this point was established thoroughly and 
all of the computations made. On the 25 June the surveyors arrived 
at the Middle Point and began the running of their tangent line 
which they completed on the 27 August following. Having com- 
puted the off-sets necessary for the running of a true tangent line 
they returned to the Middle Point, setting off the off-sets to the cor- 
rected line. When they arrived at the Middle Point they found they 
were 2 feet and 2 inches to the west of their former position. From 
the 27 September until the 10 ISTovember the surveyors were occupied 
in running the corrected tangent northward and on the 13th, they 
record the conclusion ''that the Offset Posts in our last Visto, mark'd 
MD, are (as far as is practicable) in the true Tangent Line." 

Having made many observations of doubtful character some days 
preceding, Mason and Dixon on the 4 April, 1765, placed four marks 
about half a mile westward for the direction of the line, and finding 
them distant from each other only 18 inches, decided to begin the 
western line which has since then been associated with their names. 
The measurements in their notes refer to the point marked west, 
nearly three miles east of the northeast corner of Maryland and not, 
as one at this later day might suppose, to the latter point. At this 
time they ran the line only to the Susquehanna River which they 
reached on the 27 May. Between the 28 May and the 21 June the 
surveyors were occupied in laying out the lines between the tangent 
point and the northeast corner of Maryland, and attending the 
meetings of the joint commissioners. Work was renewed on the 
'western line on the 26 June and continued regularly with frequent 
observations for latitude until the 28 October when they began their 



188 HISTOKY OF THE BOTJNDAKY DISPUTE 

return to the Susquehanna River having extended the line over 117 
miles from the point marked west, to the foot of North Mountain. 
As they returned eastward they set off the off-sets from the straight 
line chords, which they had run, to form the curved line required by 
the degree of latitude. They reached the Susquehanna on 7 Novem- 
ber and were busy with the rounding up of their affairs, or attending 
upon the commissioners, who held a meeting at York, until the 21 
of the month. On the latter day they started for the Middle Point 
to begin the setting up of stones on the tangent line. On the first of 
January, following, they reported the stones all set and thus closed 
their field season for 1765. 

The field season of 1766 was occupied in running a line from the 
eastern slopes of North Mountain to the foot of Savage Mountain, 
where the surveyors stopped and began the cutting of a broad swath 
or visto, through the forest along the true boundary, which had been 
determined by the establishment of posts set off from the line actually 
run. These offsets were measured every ten chains, although not all 
of them were marked. The visto reached the north east corner of 
Maryland in the latter part of September ; it was at this time that the 
remark was made describing the appearance of the line as viewed 
from an eminence. The visto, as a rule, was about twenty five feet 
wide, and the number of posts which had been set was three hundred 
and three. The month of November was occupied in the setting of 
the remaining stones in the tangent line and along the first twenty-six 
miles of the western line. These stones were set 73 links eastward 
of the mile post so that they would stand an even mile from the north 
east corner of Maryland, rather than at mile intervals from the tem- 
porary point in Mr. Bryan's field nearly three miles farther east. 
During the latter part of November, apparently without authority 
from the proprietors, the commissioners ordered Mason and Dixon 
to extend their west line eastward to the Delaware River. This was 
done accordingly and the latter point was reached on the first of 
December. 

Work during the Summer of 1767 was much delayed because of 
the fear of Indian troubles arising from their objection to the advance 
of Europeans beyond tke Allegheny Front. The delicate task of 
gaining the consent of The Six Nations was entrusted to Sir William 



EESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 189 

Johnson who was not able to win this until -June. According to the 
original arrangements five or six Indians were to accompany the 
surveyors as representatives of the Six ISTations, but through some 
misunderstanding, between 100 and 150 began to assemble in attend- 
ance. It was only after further negotiations with the Indians that 
the commissioners were able to avoid the expense and trouble of 
maintaining such a large following. It was not until the 10 July 
that Mason and Dixon actually began the continuance of the line 
towards the western limit of Pennsylvania. By the middle of 
August they had reached the present limits of Maryland, although 
at the time there was no notice taken of the fact. From then until 
the first of iSTovember the entire party was engaged in running and 
marking the line between Pennsylvania and Virginia in which Lord 
Baltimore had rjo interests or concern although he was ultimately 
to pay one half of the expenses. During the remainder of iSTovember 
on their return eastward the surveyors were engaged in cutting the 
visto, erecting cairns of stone, or earth, and establishing the stones 
which had been brought from England. The latter extended only 
as far as the one hundred and thirty-second mile from the beginning 
of the west line. 

The farthest point westward reached by Mason and Dixon was 
233 miles, 17 chains, and 48 links from the post marked west; ^^ ^^• 
Bryan's field, or 230 miles, 18 chains, and 21 links from the begin- 
ning of the west line. They were stopped at this point by the 
Indians v/ho had received permission from the chiefs of the Six 
Nations to allow the surveyors to extend their work only to a war- 
path lying slightly east of the westernmost point reached by Mason 
and Dixon. 

The surveyors attended the commissioners at Christiana Bridge 
December 24-26 when they were instructed by the commissioners 
to draw a plan of the boundaries between the two Provinces. This 
was done accordingly and the plans were delivered to the Rev. 
Richard Peters on 29 January, 1768. This constitutes the last entry 
in the Mason and Dixon Journal in the copy owned by the Pennsyl- 
vania Society. The Maryland copy ends on the 4th October 1767, 
while the U. S. State Department copy continues until the 11 Sep- 



190 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

tember, 1768. On the 10 September as Mason was preparing to 
embark from Halifax the commissioners met at the Middle Point and 
marked with a permanent stone one of the earliest occupied stations 
on any of the permanent lines run bj Mason and Dixon. 

There still remained a few formalities before the work of Mason 
and Dixon should be rendered complete. On 20 August, 1768, Lord 
Baltimore and the Penns united in a petition to the King for his 
approbation of the line, or boundary laid down. On the 9 ISTovem- 
ber, following, the commissioners reported the establishment of the 
line between Pennsylvania and Maryland and during the same month 
Mason and Dixon presented their bill. The accounts were finally 
agreed upon in 1769 and a receipt was given by the surveyors on 
the 24 February. On 11 January the King in Council ratified the 
Mason and Dixon line as the settled boundary between the Provinces 
of Pennsylvania and Maryland. The original vouchers still pre- 
served among the manuscripts of the Library of the American 
Philosophical Society, show that this survey cost the proprietors 
fully $75,000. How much more was spent in lawyers' fees, the 
gathering of testimony, prosecution of trespassers, and worry will 
never be known. The proprietors remained in peaceful possession 
of their governments scarcely five years before the encounters be- 
tween the colonists and British soldiery marked the opening of 
the American Revolution by which these princely domains were 
wrested from their European owners. Frederick, the sixth and 
last of the Baltimore barons, died on 4 September, 1771, before 
the disruption occurred. 

Westward Extension. 

Less than ten years passed after Mason and Dixon were stopped 
by the Indians before the settlements on either side of the prolonga- 
tion of their line became sufficiently numerous to arouse a sentiment 
favoring its completion. The question now became one between 
Pennsylvania and the Virginians, since all the territory lay far to 
the west of the meridian of the first fountain of the Potomac. In 
1773 the Penns petitioned the King to appoint proper persons to lay 
off their western and northern boundaries. To this the King agreed 
and the proclamation was issued in 1774. On 7 May of the same 



RESURVBY OP MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXXIX. 




RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 191 

year Messrs. James Tilghman and Andrew Allen were commissioned 
to confer with the Earl of Dunmore, then governor of Virginia, 
regarding the settlement of the boundary between Pennsylvania and 
Virginia, This resulted in a conference held at Williamsburg, Va., 
in June 1774, The views held by the two constituencies were far 
apart and nothing resulted from this conference. On 15 June 1776 
,yirginia proposed that a line be run from the north west corner of 
: Maryland to the mouth of Plum Creek, a tributary of the Alleghany 
River. This was a northerly line which would have given to Vir- 
ginia the Monongahela Valley and Pittsburg and was naturally 
rejected by Pennsylvania when considered by the latter in September 
of the same year. Another attempt is referred to in the history of 
Alleghany County as embodied in the resolution passed by the Vir- 
ginia Assembly on 18 December, but nothing appears to have resulted 
from this. 

THE BALTIMORE CONFERENCE. 

Somewhat later commissioners were appointed by the States who 
met in Baltimore in August, 1779, and came to an agreement which 
was sanctioned by Virginia and Pennsylvania Assemblies in the 
succeeding Summer. The Journal of the proceedings of the com- 
missioners which is extant has been published by the Pennsylvania 
authorities. This shows that the Commissi®ners met in Baltimore 
on 27 August and that, after organizing, their respective claims were 
presented in a series of letters. The Pennsylvanians first proposed 
that, according to their charter, they were entitled to the beginning 
of the 40th Degree; that, accordingly, a meridian should be drawn 
southward from the first fountain of the Potomac to the beginning 
of the 40th Degree of latitude; that thence a parallel of latitude 
should be drawn to the western extremity of the State. On August 
30 the Virginia commissioners replied that they did not so read the 
Pennsylvania charter but that Pennsylvania was entitled to no terri- 
tory southward of the N^ewcastle circle nor westward of a point five 
degrees west of the intersection of that circle and the Delaware River, 
quoting in their favor many of the arguments which had been 
employed in the Maryland controversy. They were willing, how- 
ever, to suggest that the Mason and Dixon line be continued. The 



11>'J HISTOKY OK rUK BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

responso o( tlu> 1\miusvI\ :inia OvMiinut^sioiiers m;iili> \ipou {\\c siune 
vltiv was io (lu> otVtvt tliiit (liov did not fool jiisiillod in lulopting tlie 
Mmsou Mud Oixoii lino iinU\^s this liiio woro oxtondovl so as to give 
to Vonnsvlvania as muoli laud as it would havo hold aooovdiui:: to tho 
original loruis of its grant. In odior words tlu\v woro willing to 
viold tho torritorv south of tho Alason and Pixou line in ifturu for 
tho Pauliandlo l^istriet of Virginia. Tho Virginians promptly 
rospouvlod that thov ovMild not oousidor this idoa of oon\ponsatiou but 
wtu-o willing to oou\proniiso on a lino rui\ning from (ho wostorn limits 
of Maryland to a point live degives west of the Delaware on the 
parallel of oiV' 80 north latitude. This proposition was aov'optod 
hv tho Peunsylvaniaus with tho additional clause that a meridian lino 
vlrawn northward frotu this point should sorvo as tho wostorn 
houndary of their State. The additional proposition was declined 
hv the Virginians who proposed, in its stead, that the Mason and 
IMxon line extend live degrtvs westwanl fivm the Delaware and that 
a meridian from that point slionld form tho wostorn bound of Peun- 
svlvauia. To this tho latter agnvd and a fonual joint-agreement 
*'to extend the Mason's and Dixon's Tine due west live degrees of 
longitude, to be eiMuputed fivm Ixiver Delawart\ for tho southern 
Unindary of Pennsvlvania, and that a meridian drawn from the 
western KMiudarv ihoitnvf to tho northern lin\it of the same State be 
the western boundarv of PonnsylYania foivver" was signed on ol 
of August, 1779. 

This ag\\*ement was ratitied bv tlie General Assembly of Virginia 
^8 June, ITSO, at\d two months later on i}3 Septemlvr, by the Penn- 
svlvania Assembly. It was not, however, until *21 February follow^ 
ing that Johi\ Lukins and Aivhibald MoOleau (^two s\irvoyors who 
had Ihhm\ assvHviated with Alasou and Dixon, or the earlier work of the 
trauspeninsular liueli, were appointixl as ^vmrnissionors on the part 
of Pennsylvania to extend the Alasou and Dixon line, and to run a 
meridian to the Ohio River in aworvlanct^ ^vith the agreement reached 
nearly eighttvu months Wfoi>?. A letter was dispatclu\i to Thomas 
Jetfei*son, then Governor of Virginia, by Joseph Ket\l, then president 
of the Pennsylvania Council, informing him of the appointment of 
commissioners, Kearlj two months later on April IT Governor 



IflOMUlCN'lOY OH' M A.SON IMKON I.INIO 



I i»M 



.1 t'lliM'Miii aimoimci'tl llit^ ii|>|>i>i iil iiuMit •>! .luiuofi MiuliMoii niul lv(>l><'r( 

\i>>li»<\v;s two pi'ofi^sMoi'M i>r Williiim Miul Mavy'n (V>llogt» mm tlio 
(MMumiMMioiuM'M t»n tln^ piirt of \' ii'j.';iiiiM. hi lliis lotttu' it. was tiiiy. 
P,'i>mI»h1 tliut lUo \\\o dv^ViivH t*l' loiigitiiiln Ix' (l«<t«M'niii\tul utUroiiomiiMill^v 
l>v two obaorvatoi'ioH sihiuUMl nt oitluM- ouA of iho tliHtanno. MadiHoii 

was aSsigMKul lo llui htiliiwufo cuil iiml Aiiili'tnvM to tlio iiitiro iiiiliUMiM 

All ol thin lUHMiritHJ »liiiiiij.'. Iln' lun»>iulii>narv W'lif wIumi tlu' (•oKmi 
iHts wtM'o Imraaaed i>ii llm wivii hv Iho ImliimM, iiml on ilio eaat bv llie 

lil'ili.'lll !I1h1 illltM'IIMll V 1>V milllN |ilont*(M' .•lollJlM'M wlio wovo I'tnuh' ll» 

h|«)|) with l'ol•^n^ llio niuuMi^'; ol lioiiutlarv liiiofi wliioh would momi If 
(litMii tlit^ (N^ltM'iiiiiuilion o{' jiiri.Mtln-l ion mihI lliti *'.ouatMiiioiil, [tavinoul 
ol laxoaaiiti iiiililarv dtil u\'i, 'riuMiil<M-iial fomlil loiia domaiultHl llial 
llio coinmiHsioiuM'M bo ]m'oIuoUj«1 l>,y n Mtroiig I'oroo of militiu Moiiu>tinu*M 
mmiluM'iuj^' 'LJ50 iiiou, a i'ovi'o wliioh llio niilitarv (v>iulilionrt at tlio 
(iMu< n^n^lt^^'(^(l it o\C(»tnliut.';l V (lillicull lo rnniiali. It in atHMtrdiiifj.'ly 
iH»l at all atraiij-'V thai in rojilv U* (io\onior .lolToi-aou'a lollor rroai 
(loiil Ivcnul nlioiild Hiig^'t'Ht oil I I Ma^y, I7HI, tluit a toiin>(»rarv liiiu 
l>o run at livst, lo (|ni»^t IIh» diaordiu" alon^ tlio l>ouu<lai\y and tliat ilio 
moro acKMirato aHtroiioniiiia! obmu'vatioiiH bo luado hitor. Moroovor, it 
waa at tliia tmio alltM' liia niiMiiiH-oMMrul att»iiii|»tH to ovoi-|t(nvor (Jro«MUf 
ill Virginia and Noilli Uavulina lliat CJumwallia dt»uidt)d lu purniio 
him no I'nrllior hnt lo riMiini to Virf»;inia ANdioro 1\«^ liopod to oidrap 
Laravi^tli* and Ida foriioa. In I ho diaol•don^d (^niditionM of Virginia 
llio coinniiaaionorM did not winli to hnivo Ihoii" fainilnv'i nnprol(iol«Ml 
and tlitu'o waH, aimonlingl^y, dilluMiltj in gotling lht> (lonuniHHioiuu'H id' 
tho two StatoH tog'otlnu'. Tho l*onnHvl\'ania »'(»iiiiniMHionurs, ttooord- 
ing to tboiv original inHtniotiona, luid hotm anthori/,od in (mm of tho 
non apitoaranco of tlioat^ li'oni N'irginia lt> aactM'lain and mark a liin' 
in Hti'ict ooiil"«u'inil;V with tho toi-niH id' tho original agrt\oinont, bnt on 
iK'ooiint of tho many dillionltioH thoir work had boon Inriiod ovor t(» 
Alox, MoOltwin wliOHo inHtniotionH idlowod hnn lo do tho work only 
in con innction with IliO Virginia anthoritiori. ( >n at't'oiint of tlloHct 
nianv dilliciill ioH nothing wan dono during tho Snniinor id" lYHI to 
run t»V(Mi tho toiii|torarv lino. hiiring tho l''all a aooond attonipt wan 
nndoflakon bv tho appoint inoiit (d innv t^miiniaaioiiorH on tlui pari, of 



194 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDAKY DISPUTE 

Pennsjlrania, but on March 1, 17S2, the Pennsylvania Council 
decided not to run their line by astronomical observations at that 
time on account of the great expense involved and the unsettled 
character of the frontier where much opposition had arisen with 
respect to rimning any line. In their attempt to come together in 
the Spring of 1782 the Governor of Virginia apparently confused the 
Mason and Dixon line with the temporary line of 1739 and accord- 
ingly misread some of the Pennsylvania communications in which 
the term temporary line had been used in regard to the extension of 
the Mason and Dixon Line, and this in turn led to some delay. 
When attempts were made in the Summer of 1782 to run an ex parte 
line, the inhabitants along the border rose in serious opposition and 
stopped the progress of Alex. McClean, who was acting as surveyor 
for Pennsylvania. On the 10 June while attempting to proceed 
from the mouth of Dunkard Creek he was stopped by a body of 
armed horsemen who dared him to a trial of resolution. It was, 
therefore, impossible for him to make any progress without open war 
with the local inhabitants. This he did not feel free to undertake. 
Finally in November McClean was able, with Joseph Xeville, who 
had been appointed a commissioner in the preceding August, to 
undertake the work, and on the 28 inst. they reported: '*'We have 
extended Dixon's and Mason's line 23 miles to a small poplar in the 
forks of Fish Creek and from thence extended a Meridian of 61 miles 
and 236 perches to the Ohio River, which intersects the same in the 
Xarrows above the upper end of Much More's Bottom and about 2^ 
miles above the mouth of Yellow Creek." Towards the last of 
February, 1783, the President and Council of Pennsylvania pre- 
sented a report with a map explaining the extension of the Mason and 
Dixon Line and suggested that a proclamation be issued concerning 
the new boundary. The line was confirmed as a temporary boundary 
on 22 March and a proclamation was issued four days later on the 
26 March announcing the settlement and running of the Meridian 
and Mason and Dixon line extension. 

Extetision hy Astronotnical Observation. The same month that 
the treaty between the English and the colonists was signed in Paris 
the Pennsylvanians took up anew the question of their western 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE, 



PLATE LXXX. 










Fig. 1. ORIGINAL MASON AND DIKON MONUMENT (NO. 32), CROWNSTONE SHOW- 
ING BALTIMORE ARMS, ONE MILE WEST OF CARDIFF, RESET. 




Fig. 2. — original mason and dixon monument (no. 16), crownstone show- 
ing PENN ARMS, northwest OF RISING SUN, RESET. 



VIEWS OF MONUMENTS ALONG MASON AND DIXON LINE. 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON T.INE 105 

boundary. Both States appointed commissioners during the Fall of 
1Y83 and made all their preparations in the line of instruments and 
a study of the case to take up the actual survey prouiptly. The 
observations were commenced on the eastern end of the line, on the 
Delav^^are, on 1 June, 1T84, the commissioners having met previously 
in the middle of the preceding month. The observations wen^ com- 
pleted on the 25 September, 1Y85, whew tv^o of tlie senior coninils- 
sioners returned to their home to avoid the hardships and expense 
involved in a journey to the western end of the line. A joint report 
of the commissioners was made November 18, 1784, although there 
still remained much work to be done. According to a letter of Robert 
Andrews, one of the Virginia commissioners, dated March 5, 1.Y85, 
the necessary astronomical work had been completed at that time 
and the Mason and Dixon line extended the distance of 5 degrees west; 
from the Delaware. The only thing remaining undone was the run- 
ning of the due north line. On the 23 of August, following, tlie work 
on the meridian boundary was completed and a joint report by the 
commissioners was prepared on the same date. 

The season of 1784 appears to have been rather unsatisfactory 
for the making of astronomical observations, but the records show 
that tlie commissioners succeeded in making sixty different obser- 
vations at the eastern end of the line and between forty and fifly 
on the western end, which was situated more than thir(;y miles 
beyond the limits of a settlement on a high hill at a point previously 
determined as the western end of the Mason and Dixon line exten- 
sion. All of the observations were made on the eclipses of Jupiter's 
satellite. The results of the calculations made showed that their two 
observatories were twenty minutes, one and one eight seconds of time 
from each other, or slightly more than five degrees of longtitude. 

Resurveys of the Old Boundary Lines. 

The temporary character of tlie marking of a portion of the orig- 
inal Mason and Dixon line and its subsequent extension westward, 
together with the ravages of time during the hundred or more years 
since the original surveyors heaped up their cairns of earth and stone, 
assisted by the vandalism of relic hunters and QtUers, have at places 



196 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

more or less obliterated the marks of the original surveyors. Since 
upon these depend the exact limitations of jurisdiction, with the con- 
sequent uncertainties regarding title, and the difficulties experienced 
by the officials in collecting taxes and exercising the authority of the 
law, it has been necessary from time to time to examine the condition 
of the boundaries and to resurvey and remark their location. As a 
rule attempts have been made to restore the original line by interpola- 
ting points between known monuments of earth or stone rather than to 
correct any errors made by the original surveyors. The rapid review 
of this more recent work given in the following pages serves to 
acquaint the reader with what has been done, and to furnish the 
student with some estimate of the accuracy of the original surveys, 
viewed from the standards of accuracy employed at the present time. 
Prior to the execution of the last and most extensive of these resur- 
veys, giving rise to the present report, there have been three distinct 
re-examinations along the lines marking the boundaries laid down 
by Mason and Dixon. The first of these was the Graham Survey of 
1849/50, dealing with the relocation of the boundary lines between 
Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania involving the study of the 
northern end of the tangent line, a portion of the Newcastle circle, 
the short due north line, and a portion of the west line whose inter- 
section forms the northeast corner of Maryland. The second resurvey 
was the Sinclair survey of the extension of the Pennsylvania- West 
Virginia line from the north west corner of Maryland to the south 
west corner of Pennsylvania. This involved a study of the western 
work of Mason and Dixon, and the extension of the line made under 
the joint auspices of Pennsylvania and Virginia in 1783/4, as well 
as the remarking of the western boundary of Pennsylvania. The 
third undertaking was the survey and marking of the jN'ewcastle 
circle, separating Delaware and Pennsylvania. This involved the 
determination of a new line forming a compound curve including the 
few recognizable points of the original Taylor-Pierson Survey of 
1701, and the portion of the arc near the tangent point determined 
by Mason and Dixon, 



besubvey of mason-dixon line 197 

The Graham Resukvey of 1849/50. 

Action was taken on the part of Maryland (February 11, 1846), 
Pennsylvania (April 10, 1849), and Delaware (Febrnary 10, 1847), 
leading towards the survey and determination of the point of inter- 
section of the three States, the fixing of a stable mark, or monument, 
to indicate the point, and authorizing the appointment of commis- 
sioners representing the respective commonwealths. These commis- 
sioners met in Wilmington in October, 1849, to organize and examine 
the problems involved in the carrying out of their commission. It 
was found wise at the time, on account of the intricacy of the work 
involved, to apply to the general government for assistance. This was 
furnished by the Secretary of War by the detail of Lieut. Col. James 
D. Graham with a corps of topographical engineers. On the 12 
N^ovember the commissioners communicated directly with Colonel 
Graham, indicating their purpose to remark the following points, viz : 

1st. The beginning of the curve, or north end of the tangent 
line. 

2nd. The meridian of the curve between Delaware and Mary- 
land. 

3rd. The point, or place, of intersection of the due north line 
and said curve, being the point of intersection of the 
three States; and 

4th. The north end of the aforesaid due north line, or inter- 
section of said line, with the east and west line of Mason 
and Dixon, being "a parallel of latitude fifteen English 
statute miles south of the most southern part of the city 
of Philadelphia," and the boundary of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland on the north. 

Three days later Colonel Graham replied outlining the proposed 
method of making the resurvey suggesting a preliminary, or experi- 
mental, survey to locate all of the then existing boundary marks, or 
monuments. From this it would be possible to find out what, if any, 
monuments were missing and the points which they should occupy. 
With this informatioii at hand the final survey could be ^ndertaken 



198 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE 

readily. On the same day, I^ovember 15, the commissioners accepted 
the method of work proposed by Colonel Graham and authorized 
him to undertake the survey. 

The final report on this work was made by Colonel Graham on 
February 27, 1850. From this report it is learned that Colonel 
Graham commenced his work on October 30, 1849, by a conference 
with the Governor of Maryland and an examination of the documents 
then placed at his disposal. From these many extracts were made 
showing the methods in which the original lines were run, and the 
interpretation of the various local terms involved in the location. 
From ISTovember 9 to 12 the time was spent in the preparation of 
instruments and in a conference with the commissioners at Wilming- 
ton. The latter on the 13th and 14th of the same month accompanied 
the surveyor in making the proposed reconnaissance of the line and 
landmarks within the limits of the portion of the boundary in ques- 
tion. They visited at this time the northeast corner of Maryland, 
examined the line on either side for two or three miles, and thence 
proceeded to the intersection point and tangent point. From the 
latter their examination was extended southward as far as the 79th 
stone from the Middle Point of the transpeninsula line marking the 
tangent line. 

Actual surveying began at the 79 th mile stone and proceeded to 
the tangent point and thence due north to the northeast corner of 
Maryland. Then it was found that the line did not deviate two 
inches from the center of a stake which was found at the supposed 
intersection of the meridian and the east and west line. On 21 
November work began at the second mile post west of the northeast 
corner and extended eastward until it intersected with the newly run 
north line. Having located the required point, an excavation was 
made in which, at a depth of about three feet below the surface, an 
unmarked cut stone, similar to those found on the arc of the circle 
southward, was found. This was the stone placed by the commis- 
3ioners on the 18 June, 1765, thii-ty years prior to the marking of 
the point with a stone bearing the arms of the proprietors. The 
unmarked stone had probably been buried at the place when the one 
bearing the armg was placed in position, 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE. 



PLATE LXXXI. 




Fig. 1. — ORIGINAL MASON AND DiXON MONUMENT (NO. 22) MILESTONE, WEST OF 
CONOWINGO GREEK, REPAIRED AND RESET. 




Fig. 2.— new monument (no. 158) of 1902, milestone set in old mound of 
mason and dixon (1766) on tussey mountain, northwest of flintstone. 

VIEWS OF MONUMENTS ALONG MASON AND DIXON LINE. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 199 

During the subsequent work discrepancies were found in the meas- 
urements of Mason and Dixon, particularly regarding the length of 
the l^ewcastle radius and the curvature of the small arc between the 
tangent point and the point of intersection. These were found after- 
wards to be due to inaccuracies in chaining and to errors in some of 
the elements involved in the original computations. Another error 
arose from the acceptance by Mason and Dixon of the radius line run 
by the local surveyors previous to the inception of their work. This 
radius, according to Colonel Graham's work should be revolved about 
the center of its circle by an arc of 8.341/^ seconds to the south, and 
then produced 2 ft. 4 in. westward and the tangent line which was 
run by Mason and Dixon, if revolved around the Middle Point an 
angle of 1.2 seconds would allow the two lines to intersect at right 
angles 157.6 feet south of the present tangent stone. As Colonel 
Graham remarked, "the slight variation thus required in the azmuth 
of the tangent line proves the surprising accuracy of its direction as 
determined by Messrs. Mason and Dixon." The error in the curve 
detected by the resurvey is not one of moment, as it abstracts from 
Delaware and gives to Maryland only about 1.8Y of an acre. It is, 
however, of interest as being almost the only instance where the errors 
in the original surveys favored Maryland. By the error in locating 
the northern boundary of Maryland, putting it five chains too far 
south, Maryland lost a strip of that width along the whole of its 
northern boundary, about 196 miles. The area thus included amounts 
to nearly 8,000 acres. The error in making the radius from the ITew- 
castle circle which placed the tangent point 108 feet too far from the 
center took a strip of that width from the eastern border of Mary- 
land as far south as the tangent point, while south of that point it 
removed a gradually narrowing wedge 841/2 miles long and 108 feet 
wide at its base. The area involved and lost to Maryland by the 
error is approximately 615 acres. 

The field work of this survey was completed on 6 February, 1850, 
and the final report transmitted by the commissioners to their respect- 
ive Governors on 1 March, following. 



200 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDAKY DISPUTE 



SlNCLAIK EeSUKVEY OF THE WeSTEKN EXTENSION^, 1685. 

The States of Pennsylvania and West Virginia having provided, 
by appropriate legislation, for the appointment of a joint commission 
to examine as to the true location of the monuments which marked 
the boundary line between them, and to replace any monuments 
dilapidated or missing, the commissioners appointed met in Pitts- 
burg, April 10, 1883. It was there decided to secure, if possible, 
from the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey the detail of two of its 
officers to do the actual surveying, under the supervision of the com- 
missioners. For this work the Federal Bureau detailed Mr. C. H. 
Sinclair with Mr. C. H. Van Orden, as his assistant. The plan of 
the survey involved the re-running and location of a true meridian as 
the western boundary of Pennsylvania and a subsequent running 
and remarking of the parallel of the Mason and Dixon line. The first 
part of this resurvey was done between the first of May and June 30, 
1883, the surveyors reporting at a meeting of the joint commissioners 
held at Pittsburg on July 3, following. At this meeting Mr. Sinclair 
was authorized to make the necessary latitude observations for trac- 
ing out the line from the southwest corner of Pennsylvania to the 
northwest corner of Maryland, a distance of about fifty-five miles, 
and to undertake the tracing of the line according to the funds avail- 
able. The entire distance was divided into four sections, by the loca- 
tion of five latitude stations, at each of which there were no less than 
fifty observations taken. Observations at the southwest corner were 
made between the 15th and 19th of August, including 73 observa- 
tions, and the determination of chronometer error by the observations 
of time stars each night. The observations were then made on Lantz's 
Hill near Jallytown, on Mount Morris, at Harvey, and finally, at 
the Maryland corner where the observations were completed on Sep- 
tember 6. Sixteen out of the twenty-two nights between the begin- 
ning and determination of the observations were clear, or 'suitable 
for work, enabling the determinations to be made with considerable 
rapidity. A few days later it was decided finally to range out the 
parallel boundary as far as the funds would permit. Work at this 
end was begun accor4ingly on the 26 September. As the work pro- 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 201 

gressed eastward a few of the old marks of the extension survey were 
found, and east of Brown's Hill the mounds erected by Mason and 
Dixon were in frequent evidence. By the aid of these it was possible 
to recognize errors in the original survey. From the southwest corner 
to Lantz's Hill the old line is not the astronomical parallel derived 
from the latitude observations, nor does it coincide with the theoret- 
ical curve passing through the southwest corner of Pennsylvania. 
From Lantz's Hill to Brown's Hill the line coincides with the 
theoretical curve passing through the original station at the former 
place. East of the latter point the line bends to the southward in 
an almost straight line. This southerly deviation continues to the 
first mound west of the Monongahela, from which point the line 
bends northerly approximately parallel to the theoretical curve. 
Before the work was completed thirty-five and one-eighth miles were 
surveyed, of which twenty-one miles were marked permanently. That 
part of the line which was originally run by Mason and Dixon, begin- 
ning 21% miles east of the southwest corner of Pennsylvania, was 
not marked by the Sinclair survey at this time on account of tlio Inck 
of funds and increased cost due to the southerly deviation from a 
theoretical curve which was found in it. The old line, however, 
could be traced without serious difficulty by the mounds which Mason 
and Dixon so conscientiously placed at a time when they were har- 
assed by the Indians and by the frequent desertion of their laborers. 
During the Fall of 1885 Mr. Sinclair, without the assistance of Mr. 
Van Orden, completed the resurvey of the extension to the Maryland 
corner. It was found that the old line bent north quite rapidly until 
at the northwest limit of Maryland it is only about fifty feet south of 
the theoretical course passing through the southwest corner of Penn- 
sylvania. This being the case, no corrections were made in the orig- 
inal line, but monuments were set in the old mounds. The final report 
of the commissioners was filed with the Department of Internal 
Affairs at Harrisburg, July 10, 1886. The report of the engineer is 
dated January 16, 1886. 

The publication of this report on the western extension served as 
the nucleus of the admirable report on the boundaries of Pennsyl- 
vania published in 188Y, while J. Simpson Africa was secretary of 
Internal Affairs. This volume with its atlas of maps and its copious 



202 HISTORY OF THE BOUNDAKY DISPUTE 

extracts from original documents is a fund of information for any 
student investigating the history of the various boundary surveys. 
In it is published a transcription of the original field notes and 
astronomical observations of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon 
made by them during their surveys of the boundary lines between the 
various provinces from 1Y63 to 1768. The three copies of notes of 
these original surveyors now known differ somewhat, the publication 
following the copy in the library of the Pennsylvania Historical 
Society. 

HoDGKiNs Survey of the Circular Boundary^ 1892. 

The circular boundary forming a limit between Delaware and 
Pennsylvania although often confused with the Mason and Dixon 
lines did not form a part of them except along a small portion of the 
curve between the tangent point and the point of intersection on the 
western boundary of Delaware. The line Avas originally fore-shad- 
owed in the deed of feoffment from James, Duke of York, to William 
Penn and the charter of Pennsylvania from Charles II. Although 
the inhabitants of Pennsylvania and the Three Lower Counties were 
all under William Penn as proprietor, the feeling between them 
became strained. Those who lived within the Pennsylvania grant 
were English Quakers and Germans, who came over under the leader- 
ship of William Penn, while those living along the Delaware from 
Wilmington southward were Dutch, Swedish, and Finnish settlers, 
or their descendants, who had held the land prior to the advent of 
William Penn. The diverse interests led to disorders which served 
as an excuse for taking the government away from William Penn. 
When this was restored the inhabitants were able to enforce the estab- 
lishment of two distinct assemblies. The line marking the limits of 
their respective jurisdictions was the circular boundary. This was 
first run out in 1701 by Isaac Tailer of Chester County and Thomas 
Pierson of Newcastle County. At the time the line was run, it was 
marked in a temporary fashion by blazed trees and other local objects, 
which as time went on became lost. The original circular boundary 
was supposed to be twelve miles distant from ISTewcastle, but the 
resurvey by Captain Hodgkins has shown that in reality it was nearly 



EESIJBVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 203 

thirteen miles in radius and that its western limit was within the 
present territory of Maryland. Mason and Dixon, in the process of 
their work, made an error in adopting the radius line of the surveyors 
of 1Y63, which was slightly longer than the twelve miles required. 
The arc which they drew was accordingly of sharper curvature than 
that of the original circle made more than sixty years earlier. The 
resurvey by Graham of a small portion of the circular boundary in 
1849/50, through the signing of the reports and maps by the Dela- 
ware commission pushed back the circular boundary from its actual 
intersection with the Mason and Dixon line to the theoretically 
twelve miles circle ; the original circular boundary crossing the 
east-west line of Mason and Dixon only some 2,000 feet east of the 
northeast corner of Maryland. When Captain Hodgkins came to 
review the work of his predecessors these differences were found. 
It became necessary therefore to establish a compound curved line 
which should pass through points on the Mason and Dixon boundary 
and the old circular boundary of Tailer and Pierson. In this way 
the present line was established which, although the radius of curv- 
ature of the western part is less than twelve miles, does not lie within 
the twelve miles circle which was originally planned. 

The work of Captain Hodgkins' resurvey was, perhaps, the most 
intricate of all the resurveys undertaken upon these ancient boundary 
lines. Moreover, it changed the allegiance of a number of inhab- 
itants on either side of the line and occasioned considerable ill feel- 
ing, which found expression in the columns of the local newspapers 
and occasionally in attempts to thwart the surveyors in their work. 
The field work of running the circular boundary and marking it with 
suitable monuments occurred in the seasons of 1892 and 1893. 
Members of Captain Hodgkins' party entered the field near ISTewark, 
Delaware, on 15 April. His own work was commenced on 11 May, 
following, at the same place. There appears to have been some diffi- 
culty, or misunderstanding, among the State and Federal authorities 
as the work progressed, which delayed somewhat the progress, so 
that the line was not completed until the following Spring. The 
boundary was marked by many permanent stones and the final report 
was submitted for publication on December 1, 1893. 



PAKT IV 

MANUSCEIPTS AND PUBLICATIOlNrS KELATING TO THE 

MASOl^ AND DIXON LINE AND OTHEE LINES 

IN PENNSYLVANIA, MAKYLAND, AND 

THE VIEGINIAS INVOLVING THE 

CHAETEE EIGHTS OF THE 

BALTIMOEES AND THE 

PENNS. 

BY 

EDWAED L. BUECHAED AND EDWAED B. MATHEWS 



MANUSCKIPTS AND PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO THE 

MASON AND DIXON LINE AND OTHER LINES 

IN PENNSYLVANIA, MARYLAND, AND 

THE VIRGINIAS INVOLVING THE 

CHARTER RIGHTS OF THE 

BALTIMORES AND THE 

PENNS. 

By 

Edwaed L. Buechakd and Edwaed B. Mathews. 



There are in existence no complete or exhaustive bibliographies of 
the surveys relating to the boundaries of Maryland, Pennsylvania, 
and the Virginias although many papers have been written descrip- 
tive of the boundaries and the boundary disputes which show the 
existence of a large mass of documents and printed literature availa- 
ble for study. Various publications, such as lists of certified evi- 
dence called for from America in the suit between the Penns and 
Baltimore, have been issued and a partially complete list of papers 
in chronological order could be made up from the Breviate as re- 
printed in the Pennsylvania archives. 

Fortunately very complete cartographies of the States connected 
with the Mason and Dixon Line have already appeared in print 
which contain descriptions of the early maps of the American colo- 
nies and provinces now comprised in the Middle Atlantic States. 

Several comprehensive reviews of the boundary line and the border 
disputes also have appeared, but no published work gives a complete 
list of all the lines or of all the documents and papers pertaining to 
any one line although it has evidently been the intention of some 
persons to summarize all of the material bearing on certain ques- 
tions. The following bibliography includes practically everything 
either in manuscript or printed form which has been accessible to 
the authors who have had unusual facilities for gaining access to the 
material. 



208 manuscripts and publications of 

The Dates Employed in the Calendab, 

The Julian or Old Style Calendar, whicii went into effect in the 
year 45 B. C, began the Roman year in March and the months from 
that date were in their present order. In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII 
abolished the Julian calendar, substituting the Gregorian or present 
calendar, making at the time certain adjustments in days to bring 
the vernal equinox to March 21. At the same time, January became 
the first month of the year. This new style was promptly adopted by 
Roman Catholic countries and even in certain Protestant cities. 
Thus the old style in Holland ended Friday, December 21, 1582, and 
the next day, Saturday, became January 1, 1683, new style. Here 
was an adjustment of eight days. England, however, adhered to the 
old or Julian calendar until the first of January, 1752. To correct 
the accrued error of eleven days the third of September became the 
fourteenth. Many errors in dating have arisen in transposing old 
dates to the modern calendar from the assumption that the difference 
between the two calendars was always eleven days without regard 
to the century involved. There was a change of one day's correction 
when a leap year Old Style was a common year 'New Style, as hap- 
pened Friday, February 29, 1699-lYOO. Another error in date has 
often arisen from overlooking the fact that the year began at different 
dates in different places prior to the standardizing of the calendar. 
Thus in England the first month was March, but the year began on 
March 25, subsequent to the fourteenth century. This was the legal 
year. In Holland, prior to 1582, the year began in some cities on 
Christmas, in others on March 25, in others on Good Friday and in 
still others at Easter. This has affected the transcription of all dates 
written the 1st, 2d, etc. month, since the historical date has involved 
not only the month but the correction in days. There was a not 
entirely universal custom of writing the dates in figures giving the 
day, then the month, then the year. To avoid adding possible errors 
the rule adopted in the following bibliography has been to give the 
date as found in the original document, transcription or publication, 
except that where the date has been added, thus 23d, 11 mo., 1721, 
has been written 23d January, 1721/2. In the case of Dutch records 
it will be necessary tb use corrections appropriate to the time and 
origin of the document. 



resurvey of mason-dixon line 209 

List of Manuscripts and Publications. 

The following entries are grouped under three main divisions: 
Source Material^ Maps, and Secondary Material. 

The entries under Source Material are arranged chronologically 
according to the dates on the manuscripts or the time of original pub- 
lication. While an attempt has been made to list every item that 
might throw light on the progress of events and the motives which 
actuated the participants in the controversy, no effort has been made 
to present an exhaustive list of republications of the documents, like 
the charters of Maryland and Pennsylvania, or the extracts from the 
accounts of the various conferences and surveys. Many of these may 
be gleaned from the annotations of the Secondary Material. 

The annotations vary widely in their fullness with respect to the 
length of the document or publication discussed. Where the ma- 
terial has been published and is readily accessible the notes have been 
made as concise as possible; when unpublished or more or less inac- 
cessible in published form, more extensive quotations have been made, 
sometimes the entire document being given in so far as it pertains to 
the boundary controversy. An attempt has been made to give im- 
partial abstracts, showing the animus, generous or otherwise, of the 
various participants. Concerning the honesty or chicanery of the 
dealings of William Penn, controversy has arisen and many extrava- 
gant statements of praise and blame have been made. A perusal of 
all accessible records of his dealings in this, his most momentous 
controversy, shows that the true estimate should be between the ful- 
some praise of his admirers and the calumnies of his detractors. 
The notes dealing with the documents bearing on the question indi- 
cate the character of his acts in the light of the then existing knowl- 
edge. 

Under the caption Maps are included such cartographic publica- 
tions, original or reprints, as may prove serviceable or supplemental 
to the numerous maps listed in the Source Material, 

The entries of the Secondary Material are arranged alphabetically 
and include all of the more extensive discussions of the Baltimore- 
Penn controversy subsequent to its settlement. These will serve to 
show the local influence which marks most of the writers on this 
ancient question. 



210 SOURCE MATERIAL 

SOURCE MATERIAL. 

The Maryland Charter. 
1606. 

April 10. Grant of Virginia by James I to Thomas Gates et al. 

Ms. 4 Jac. I, 1606, April 10. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 218 (Abstract). 
1609. 
May 23. Enlargement of Letters Patent to Virginia. 
Ms. 7 Jac. I, 1609, May 23. 

1612. Map. Virginia. Grauen by William Hole. 12x16 in. 

Pub. In Capt. John Smith's True relation of Virginia, with a description 
of the country. Oxford, 1612. 

For critical discussion of reprints of this map see Mathews : Maps 
and Mapmakers of Md. Md. Geol. Survey, vol. 2, 1898, p. 359. 

Note. Charles I, as stated by Lord Mansfield in the Penn-Baltimore suit, 
"had the map of Captain John Smith before them when the boundaries of 
the Colony were agreed on." "Smith's map was the only delineation 
then extant of that region." Bd. of Arbitrators, Va.-Md. Bdy. Opinion, 
1877, Va. House docs. v. 6, p. 5. 

See full discussions of the relation of Smith's map to the boundary con- 
troversy in the Breviate. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 91-92, 220-223, 
510-511. 
1614. 
Oct. 11. Resolution of the States General on the report of the discovery of 
New Netherlands. 

Ms. Orig. Reg. States Gen., Roy. Arch. Hague. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1. p. 10. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 7-8. 
1616. 
Aug. 18. Report of Capt. Cornelius Hendrickson on his discoveries in New 
Netherlands. 

Ms. Orig. Roy. Arch., Hague, Loopenda. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, pp. 13-14. 
Abst. Discovers a bay and three rivers between 88 and 40 degrees. 
1617. 
July 29. Resolution of the States of Holland and Westfriesland forbidding 
publication of journals, maps and charts of voyage. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, p. 15. 

Aug. 2. Resolution of the States of Holland and Westfriesland interdicting 
correction of existing maps. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, p. 16. 
Note. Removed Aug. 10, 1618. 
1620. 
Nov. 3. Grant. King James I to Plymouth Company. 

Ms. 18 Jac. I, 1620, Nov. 3. 
Note. Surrendered in 1635. 
1620/1. 

Feb. 12. Petition of the Directors of the New Netherland Company to the 
Prince of Orange. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist, N. Y., y. 1, pp. 22-23. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 13. 
Abst. Proposal to establish Leyden Pilgrims in New Netherlands. 



EESTTKVET OF MASOlSr-DIXON LINE 211 

1621. Map. Jacobsson, A. Americae Septenbrioualis pars. From the 
"West Indies Paskaert [etc.]. 

Ms. Oeig. on velhim, E. B. O'Callaghan, Coll. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, frontispiece. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 16. 
Note. Compiled from Smith's map and some other, probably Dutch map. 

Virginia does not include peninsula and 40° runs %° north of Falls 

[Octoraro Creek]. 

Dec. 15. Order of Council against the Dutch trading to New England. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., Council Reg. Jac. I, R. 1620-1623, v. 209. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, p. 6. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 17. 
Abst. English ambassador in Holland ordered to represent English claim 
to States General. 

Dec. 15. Letter. Privy Council to Sir Dudley Carlton [Ambassador to 
Holland]. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Holland, 1621. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 6-7. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 18. 

Abst. Rjeciting terms of above order. 
1621/2. i 

Feb. 5. Letter. Sir Dudley Carlton to Lords of Council. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., B. T., v. 6, p. 19. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 7-8. 

Abst. "I could not f3'nd eyther by such merchants ... or by the 
Prince of Orange and some of the states of whome I made enquirie any 
more in the matter, but that . . . two particular companies . . . 
began a trade into these parts . . . but I cannot lame of anie 
Colonie eyther already planted there by these people, or as much as 
intended." 

Feb. 9. Memorial. Sir Dudley Carlton to the States General [Translated 
from the French]. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Holland, 1622. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, p. 8. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 20. 
Abst. Claims English rights by original occupation and requests that 
sihip'S bound thither be stopped by the States General. 
1622. 
April 21. Resolutions of the States of Holland and Westfriesland on a 
proposed plan of emigration. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, p. 28. 

Abst. Discusses advisability of promoting emigration of families to West 
Indies. 
1623. 
April 7. Charter of Avalon. James I to George, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Oeig. British Museum. Sloane Ms. No. 170. 
Pub. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, pp. 34-40. 

Abst. Interesting as foreshadowing the form of the Maryland Charter, 
so far as circumstances permit. The phraseology being the same in both 
documents. 
1624. 
Dec. 21. Warrent for William Ussling to establish a Company trading to 
America, etc., given by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, 1-2. 
1627. 
Sept. 5. Order giving the Dutch West India Company the benefit of the 
Treaty of Southampton. 

Ms. Oeig. Privy Council Register, C. R. I., v. 3, p. 127. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 12-13. 

Abst. Gives rights to trade but not to malje settlements. 



212 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1629. 
.lune \9. Extract from tie Register of Resolutions agreed to at Assembly 
of the Lords Directors of Old West Indian Company at the 
Chamber of Amsterdam. 19 June, 1621). 

Tub. OOallashiui. Hist. New Neth.. 2ci ed. 1S55. v. 1. app. S, p. 47i>. 
Abst. Saml. GodjTi gives notice of Intention of selling a colony in Bay 

of South Riwr. 

In a seoond extract Fatroons deed of Delaware Settlement [Swaenen- 

died] to Comp. In li>S4 which they had r^-ceivtNi by two patents of 15 

July 1(>S0 and 3 .lune liu"l brought before Council on account of a letter 

of convey.ance from the Indians. 

Aug. 19. Petition of Lord Baltimore to Privj- Council for changes in loca- 
tion of patent grant, 

Ms. Orio. r. R. O.. Colonial l^ipers. v. 5. No. 27. 
ri-B. Sch.irf. ilist. Md.. v. 1. p. 4S>. 
Md. Arch.. V. S pp. J5-l«. 
ra. Arch., ser. 2. v. 16, pp. S7-00. 
16S0. 
July 11. Patent from Director and Council of New Netiierland to Samuel 
Godyn for a tract of land on Delaware River. 

Ms. Copt. N. Y. Secy. State. Bk. G. G. 

Pub. 1K>c. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 1. pp. 4-3; v. 12. pp. 16-17. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7. pp. 469-460. 
Note. See next entvy. 

July 15. Confirmation of Indian Grant. Director and Council of New 
Netherlands to Samuel Godj-n. 

Ms. Okig. X. Y. Secy. State. Dutch records No. 2. Fol. 3. 
Pi'B. Pa. Arch., ser. 2. v. 16 pp. 223-224. 

Abst. Lsind on South river "stretching in length from Cape Hlnloop to 
the mouth of the said South river, about S large miles and Inland half 
a mile in width, reachins: to a certain low pl.^ce or valley." an area 
32 1-S miles long and 2 miles wide on south or west shore of Delaware. 
Sw note in Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 12, p. 17. 
1630/31. 
March S. Commission. Sir John Harvey to Wm. Claiborne. 

Ms. Okicj. p. R, O., Virginia Papers. Bundle 75, p. ISO. 
Pi'B. Chalmer's Polit. Annals pp. 22S-229. 

Schsi-rf. Hist. Md.. v. 1. p. 101. 
Abst. Granting rights to trade with Dutch and English. 
1632. 
April 2. Letter. Captain John Mason to [Mr. Secretary Coke?]. 

Ms. Ouio. P. R. O. B. T.. V. 10. p. 1. 

Pl*B. Doc. rel. Coloni.il Hist. N. Y.. v. S. pp. 16-17. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5. pp. 26-2S, 

Abst. Narrates history of grants and settlements and disclaimers of 
States General when Lorii Baltimore was Secretarv of State. Also 
recounts further coloniration by Dutch after being warned by English. 

April 7. Order. States General to their Ambassadors in England. 

Ms. Grig. Roy. Arch.. Hague West Indie, 
PrK. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist, N. Y., v. 1, pp. 46-47. 

Absx. Grders them to effect release of vessels held at Plvmouth. Answered 
with full acc\>\mt Apr. 10. 1632 (n. s.). Cf. pp. 47-50. 

May f». Letter. West India Company to States General. 

Ms. Oriq, Roy. Arch.. Ha sue. West Indie. 

Pcb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y. v. 1, pp. 50-52. 

I*a. Arch., ser. 2. v. 3. pp. 35-37. 
Abst. Complains of arrest of their vessel at Plymouth and srives hlstorx 
of what has h«n done for its release as well as Dutch view of relative 
rights in -Vmerlca. 

Other papers doallns with this controversy are published In Doc rel 
Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 1. - 



BKSURVffiY OK MASON-DIXON LINE 



213 



1632. 
May 2S. 



Answer by Charles I. to Remonstrance of Dutch Ambassadors. 



Ms. Onu;. Koy. Arch., lliii.nuo, I'^iinlimd, Uil'L!, 

rill!. Doc. ihM. Colonial 111h(. N. V., v, 1, pp- f'" r'"-'- 

Ai(ST. MiicIoNcd 111 rcpoi"! ol' AmlmsHiulorH |l(;;!;!|. Says Dutch hiivo 
usurped purls of norllicrii VliKliilii vvlilch ICiiKHfh hold by rlKht o( 
discovery. An Iniportnut docauu-nt. having a illivct bcarlup on Intor- 
protatloi'i of "luculta" clauHci in Maryland charter. 

June 20, Considerations upon the Patent grautod to Lord lUilllnioro viz: 
as to the matter of I^aw. Inconvonionco, and matter of Equity 
for the particular persons of the old Company. 15 folios. 

M.S. Copy. P. U. O., Colonial Papers, v. (!, No. 58. 
I'liit. Md. Arch., V. !{, pp. 17-11). 

June 20. Charter of Maryland. Charles I to Cecil, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Ouui. Talent Koll S, Cliarlos 1, pt. a. No. lir.J14. 
Ms. Corv. 1'. U. ()., Colonial l'ai)crs, v. fi. No. 27. 

Md. lllst. Hoc. Calvcil TaiierH, Nos. KSli, ISIt, ISI. 

J'. 11. ()., 15. 'V. proiicrllr.^, v. I ;{, S. Uli, (iS I'ol. 

I'a Hist. Soc, IViiii MSS. (ICnKlltth text). 

Of. Nos. i:{, 17J), Allen, Cal. I'eivn I'apers, 1870. 
Pnn. Md. Arch., t. 1, p. » ; r. a, pp. 3 ('2; pp. 819-820 (extract) 

Pn„ Arch., oer. 2, v. Hi, pp. SS-IH), 221 22(J. 

SchnrI', lllHt. Md., v. 1 ])]). G.'! (10. 

UelaMoii ol' Md. jctc.l Saltlno Kepr. -Ito., sor. No. 2. 

Nelll, Sir (Icortjc Calvert, p|>. 22-2:i. 

Charters and ConstMullons ol' V. H.. p. 811 (Latin text). 

llay.ard, lllst. Coll., I7i»2, t. I, pp. n27 .'iiU! (Latin lexl). 

Maciv<nuild, Select (Miarters, No. 12, pp. f>;t-5!) (lOnnUsh text). 

Preslon, Docs. llluH. Ain(>r. lllst., pp. (!2 77 (Latin text). 

(Charter ol' Md.. etc. Itra.ll'ord, I'hllii., 172.''. (Sahln No. -If. 10(1). 

Racon's Laws Va., 17(>r( (IOiikIIsIi and Latin lexis). 

Rei)t. Va. Commlss. on Md.-Va. Bdy., 1878, p. 7 (Latin and ICnRlIsh 
texts). 

Windsor Narr. Crlt. Hist. Amor., v. 8, pp. 517-5(12 7 

KUtT. Laws of Md. 

Doc. n>l. Colonial lllst. N. Y., v. 2, pp. K5 8(5 (extract taken hv 11. 
ft W. tor.!)). 

Cf. Sabln, Nos. 45104, 45105. 121C3. 

For discussions of the terms of the Charter see: 

Md. Arch., y. 1, pp. 10-44. 
Pa. Arch., sor. 2, v. 1(5, pp. 

niorr) ; also pp. 225 22S. 
Scharf, lllsl. Md., v. I, iii>. 2 ;■!. 
Loe, Southern boundary of Md., Anuup., 1800. 
Md. Commlss. Itej)t. on Md.-Va. Itdy. 
Bd. of Arbitrators on Md.-Va. Itdy. Opinion, 1877 Va. House doc, 

V. «. 
Doylo, ICiigllsh Colonies, v. 1, p. 281. 
Bancroft, United States, cent, ed., v. 1, p. 181. 
lllldroth. United Stales, v. 1, p. 200. 
Nelll, lOiiKllMh Colonization, p. 18. 
Brownr, (leori;lus and Oclllus Calvert. 
McMahcvn, lllsi. Md., v. 1 pp. 2-;>. 

llept. Va. Commlss. on Md.-Va. Bdy., 1873, pp. 70, 84, 04-119. 
Houston, lllst. Soc. Del., No. 2, i)p. 15-18. 
Johnson, lllst. i'ecll Co., pp. 1-11. 

U. S. House Uep., Misc. Doc. 28th Con. Ist Seas. No. 457, pp. 4-70. 
See also aunotatloua of Secondary Material. 

Order in Council on Petition of Virginia Planlei-H. 

Ms. DiiHi. P. It. ().. (^)uiu'll Ueglster. 

Ms. Coi'Y. Md. HlBt. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 182-184. 

Pmi. I'a. Arch., sor. 2, v. 10, p. 227. 

Abst. Hearing appointed for "Wednoaday n((.\t." 



(I'or I'eiui) ; i)p. 87-02 ( fol,- Baltl- 



1633. 
June 28. 



> 



214 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1633. 
July 3. Resolution of Privy Council upon petition of Virginia planters 
against Lord Baltimore's grant. 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 6, No. 76. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Chalmer's Polit. Annals, v. 1, pp. 231-2o2. 

Md. Arch., V. 3, pp. 21-22. 

Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 104. 

Votes of the Rep. of Pa. 

.Tefferson's Notes on Va., Rich., 1853, p. 198. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p 228. 
Abst. Baltimore to have grant and petitioners to try law. 

July 12. Address of King Charles the First to the Governor and Planters 
of Virginia. 5 fol. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 6, No. 76. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., t. 3, pp. 22-23. 

Abst. Requires them to sell cattle to Baltimore. 

Map. Laet. (Jean de). Novus orbis, sen descriptionis Indiae 
occidentalis, Lib. 18. Lngd. Bat. Elnerie, 1633. 

Cf. Breviate, Pa. Arch., v. 16, p. 656. 

"Engraved title and 14 maps, fine copy, calf," with the armorial bookplate 
of William Penn, Proprietor of Pennsylvania, 1703 and the following ms. 
inscription on the map of America : "This book was shown to Paul Vail- 
lant and Charles Davis, at the respective times of their examinations taken 
in chancery on behalf of Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esqes., and 
others complainants against Charles Calvert, Esq., Lord Baltimore, in the 
Kingdom of Ireland and other defendants. (Signed) Edward Northey." 

No. 515 in Puttrick and Simpson pauction"] catalogue of . . . the 
libraries of Wm. Penn. London 1872. 
Note. Old Leyden map marked D. V. T. Bought by Thos. Graeme in 1712 

at Leyd at auction. "Old Dutch Map." See 1685, Visscher. 

Nov. Petition of Sir John Wolstenholme and other Planters with 

Captain William Claiborne in Virginia to the Lords of His 
Majesty's Privy Council. 3 fol. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 6, No. 87. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 24-25. 

Abst. Concerns settlement on Isle of Kent and requests that Baltimore 
settle elsewhere. 
1633/4. 

Mar. 14. Order of Governor and Council of the Colony of Virginia [con- 
cerning Claiborne's right to Kent Island]. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 8, No. 4. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, p. 32. 
1634. 
Sept. 15. Letter. Cecil, Lord Baltimore to Secretary Windebank. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O.. Colonial Papers, v. 8, No. 25. 
Pub. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 107. 

Abst. Refers to good offices of Gov. Harvey and malicious behavior of 
Claiborne. 

Sept. 18. Letter. Secretary Windebank to Governor Harvey. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 8, No. 26. 
Pub. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, pp. 107-8. 

Md. Arch., v. 3, p. 20. 
Abst. Requests Gov. Harvey to assist Lord Baltimore "against the mali- 
cious practices of Clayborne." 

Sept. 29. Letter. King Charles I to Governor Harvey. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 8, No. 27. 
Pub. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 108. 

Md. Arch:, v. 8. p. 26. 
Abst. Orders Governor to assist Maryland Colonists and to give freedom 
of trade with Virginia. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 215 

1634. 

Oct. Petition of William Clobey and others of Island of Kent to be 

protected. 7 fol. 

Ms. Geig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 8, No. 32. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 27-28. 

Oct. 8. Letter. King Charles I to Governor and Council of "Virginia. 
5 fol. 

Ms. Okig. p. R, O., Am. and W. I. Va. 

Abst. Prohibits Lord Baltimore from disturbing Claiborne at Kent 
Island. 

Oct. 24. Letter from The Assembly of the XIX to the States General. 

Ms. Orig. Roy. Arch., Hague, West Indie. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, pp. 93-95. 

Abst. Describes steps taken to settle in America and to keep out the 
English. 

Oct. 25. Resolution of the States General on the difficulties with the 
English in New Netherlands. 

Ms. Oeig. Reg. Resol. States Gen., Roy. Arch., Hague. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1., p. 95. 

Abst. Resolve "that this State cannot hy any means interfere therein 
. . but . . . permit the Directors [of the West India Company] 

to speak and confer . . . with . . . the Resident of His Majesty 
the King of Great Britain." 

1634. [Baltimore, comp.']. A relation of the successful beginnings of 
the Lord Baltemore's plantation in Mary-Land; being an ex- 
tract of certaine letters written from thence by some of the 
adventurers to their friends in England. [Lond.] 1634. 

Copy in British Museum, Cf. Sabin, No. 45316. 
Repr. Shea. Early Southern Tracts, No. 1. 
1635. 
Sept. 8. [Baltimore]. A Relation of Maryland; Together With a Map of ^ 

the Countrey, The Conditions of Plantation, His Majesties \ 

Charter to the Lord Baltimore, translated into English. Lon- ' 

don, 1635. 

Pub. Sabin's Repr., 4to., ser. No. 2, N. Y., 1865, pp. 1-65, with appendix 
pp. 67-73. Cf. Sabin, Diet., No. 45314. 
Shea. Early Southern Tracts, No. 1. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 230-231, 512-516. 

Description of Sir Bans Sloane's copy by his librarian Dr. Stack given in 
Penn-Baltimoae suit, 1740. 

Map. Nova terrae Mariae tabula. T. Cecill, sc. ISxlli/^ in. V 

Pub. In Baltimore's "Relation," 1635 ed. 

Copies, Library Congress, Lenox, Md. Hist. Soc. 

Repr. Sabin, Reprints, 1865. 

Jones, Colonization of Middle States, p. 181. 

Mathews, Maps and Mapmakers of Md. (reduced). 

Cf. Winsor, Narr and Crit. Hist., v. 3, p. 553, footnote. 
Note. Based on Smith's "Virginia." Frequently cited In Penn-Baltlmore 
suit. See figures 3 and 5 in present volume. 

April Breviate of Captain Claiborne's Petition to his Majesty. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 8, No. 64, I. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 8. p. 32. 

Abst. Prays that Isle of Kent be not included in Maryland. 



216 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1635. 

April 25. A Declaration of the Council of New England for the Resignation 
of the Great Charter. 

Ms. Copt. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 8, No. 69. 
POB. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16. p. 229. 

Abst. Cite troubles under old charter and wish a new one. 
1637. 
May Petition of Cecil, Lord Baltimore to the King. 

Ms. Okiq. p. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 9, No. 54. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 43-44. 

Abst. Prays that the proposed grant to Virginia may not infringe upon 
his rights. 

May Order of King to Commissioners for Foreign Plantations. 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers, v 9, No. 55. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 55-57. 

Abst. King orders that no patents be prepared infringing on Baltimore's 
rights and promises never to permit quo warranto proceedings. 
1637/8. 

Feb. 26. Petition of Captain Wm. Claiborne on behalf of himself ana 
partners to the King. 

Ms. Copt. Annapolis (Imperfect). 

T*roc. Council, 1636-1637, Lib. F, pp. 1-5. 
Pub. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, pp. 115-116. 

Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 65-67. 
Abst. Gives history of his rights and settlement and asks for confirma- 
tion of former commission. Referred to Privy Council same date. 

Mar. Petition of Cecill, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Ohig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 9. No. 87. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 68-70. 

Abst. Asks that he may be left to his rights and Claiborne to the land. 
Against Claiborne. 
1638. 
April 4. Report of the Commissioners for foreign Plantations upon a 
petition of Wm. Clayborne. 

Ms. Oeig. (See discussions, pp. 170, 173, also under dates of 1743). 
Ms. Copt. P. R. O., B. T., Md., v. 1. B. C. p. 34 (o. s.) 

Md. Council Prooeedings, Liber A, pp. 194-195. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230 (with annotations) 
Pub. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, pp. 116-117. 

Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 71-72. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 232-233. cf. also pp. 70, 80 110. 

Chalmer's Polit. Annals, v. 1. pp. 233-234. 

Hazard, Hist. Coll., v. 1, p. 130. 

Bozman, Hist. Md., v. 2, p. 584, note xl. 

April 30. Report on the Condition of the Colony of New Netherland. 

Ms. Orig. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I. C. No. 6. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, pp. 106-107. 

Abst. In answer to the question of the limits of possession states "we 
occupy Mauritus or the North Rivert, etc." No mention of any holdings 
on the Delaware at that time since these had been temporarily abandoned. 

May 6. Protest of Sir. William Kieft to Peter Minuit. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 234. 

May 8. Letter. Jerome Hawley to Secretary Windebanke. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2. v. 5, pp. 56-57. 

Abst. Tells of arrival of Swedes and their proposed settlement on Dela- 
ware Bay within English territory and asks what shall be done. Men- 
tions Dutch on North River but not on South [or Delaware]. 



KESIJKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 217 

1638. 

July 14. Letter. King Charles I to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copt. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 9, No. 120. 
Pdb. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 118. 

Chalmer's Polit. Annals, v. 1, pp. 232-233. 
Abst. Commanding that Claiborne et al be allowed to enjoy their pos- 
sessions in safety until the case is decided. 

Oct. 4. Proclamation. Governor and Captain General of Virginia. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber A, pp. 324-325. 
Pdb. Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 119. 
Md. Arch., v. 3. pp. 79-80. 
Va. Commiss., Richmond, 1873, pp. 14-15. 
Abst. Declares decision of Commissioners of Plantation on petition of 
Wm. Claiborne that the right and title to the Isle of Kent belong to 
Baltimore. (Contemporary evidence of the order of 4 April. 1638.) 
1639/40. 
Jan. 24. Queen Christinia. Grant and privilege for the establishment of 
a New Colony in New Sweden. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 759-763. 

Note. "This privilege was first prepared for Lt. Horst, but afterwards 
given to Henry Hochhammer." 
1640. 
May Deposition of John Butler. 

Ms. Grig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers. 
Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 212-220. 

Abst. That Palmer Island lies in 41 degrees 30" north latitude on the 
authority of Mr. Hayes, a mariner. 

See also deposition of John Ford. Md. Arch., v. 5. p. 232. 
1642. 
May 15. Resolution. Dutch West India Company. To expell certain Eng- 
lishmen who have commenced a settlement on the Schuylkill. 

Ms. Oeig. N. Y. Sec'y. State, Dutch Records, No. 2, fol. 6. 
PCB. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 23. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 462; cf. ser. 2. v. 16, p. 235. 
.Abst. Refers to the attempted settlement from New Haven, Conn., author- 
ized Aug. 30, 1641, similar action taken by the Dutch, Sept. 25, 1642. 

May 22. Order, according to which Jan Jansen Ilpendam, Commissary in 
the Southrlver of New Netherland for the West India Company, 
will have to regulate himself. 

Ms. Grig. N. Y. Sec'y State, Dutch Records, No. 2, fol. 6. 
P0B. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 23-24. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 462. 
Abst. Ordered to demand authority of English and if none is shown to 
order them to depart. 

Aug. 15. Instructions for John Printz, Governor of New Sweden. 

Ms. Grig. Palmskold Mss. Bibliothek Akad. Upsala. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 28, in part. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 3. v. 5, pp. 766-774. 
Pa. Mag. Hist, and Biog., v. 7, pp. 395-419. 

Abst. Sec. V gives the frontiers as "from the borders of the sea to Cape 
Henlopen, in returning southwest towards Godyn's Bay and then towards 
the great South river as far as Manquaas kill, where is constructed fort 
Christina [Wilmington] and from thence again towards South river, and 
the whole to a place which the savages call Sankekan [Trenton?] which 
is at the same time the place where are the last limits of New Sweden." 

1643. Letter. Giles Brent to Governor of the New Netherlands. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber P. R., p. 99. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 134-5. 

Abst. During Governor Calvert's absence in asking for return of fugitives 
the writer uses this clause : "the two governments so nearly bordering 
which are shortly like to be nearer neighbors in Delaware Bay." 



218 



SOURCE MATERIAl, 



1647. 

June 25. Letter. Director Stuyvesant to Governor Winthrop. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 39-40. 

Abst. Asks for a conference regarding English claims on Delaware. 

Answered 17 Aug., 1647. See also Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, 

pp. 50-51, 52. 

1649. Declaration. Showing the Illegality and unlawful proceedings of 
the Patent of Maryland. 

Ms. Oeiq. p. R. O., Virginia, v. 2, p. 133. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 3-27. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 118-123. 

Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 175-181. 

July 28. Remonstrance of the Deputies of New Netherlands. 

Ms. Copy. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I. C, No. 30. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, pp. 271-318, cf. pp. 289-293. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 124-170, cf. pp. 138-142. 
Abst. Gives an account of settlements on Delaware showing the insignifi- 
cance of the Dutch settlement and control at the time. 



■4v 



1650. 



1650/1. 
Feb. 22. 



1651/2. 
Mar. 15. 



1652. 
Aug. 



1653. 
Nov. 6. 



Map. South, North, East, and Fresh rivers wth map, p. 233. 
Described in Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 143. 
News from New England. 

Ms. Copy. Roy. Arcli., Hague. W. I. C, No. 36. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, pp. 460-461. 

Abst. "The English lay claim to the South river against which the Dutch 
Governor warmly protested, but the English have answered that they 
would persist in, and retain possession of what they claim." 

Observations on the Boundary and Colonization of New Nether- 
lands. 

Ms. Orig. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I. C, No. 30. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist N. Y., v. 1, pp. 359-362, cf. 543, 544, 545. 

Note. The statement is made that "no difference has arisen between the 

Dutch and the English of Virginia on the sub.iect of boundary, because 

they have not owned what we . . . possess." 

[Council of State on proposed Dutch-English boundaries in 
America.] 

Ms. Copy. Roy. Arch., Hague, Verbael van de Ambassade naae Engelaoidt, 
1652. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, pp. 486-487. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 204-205. 

Ext. "Wee say that the English were the First Planters . . . and have 
plantations there from the southermost part of Virginia in thirtie seven 
degrees of North latitude, to Newfoundland in Piftie two degrees ; and 
not knowing of any plantation of the Netherlandei's there, save a small 
number up in Hudson's River, Wee thinke it not necessary at present to 
settle the limits." 

Lord Baltimore's paper containing reasons why Maryland should 
be separate from Virginia. 5 fol. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 11, No. 65. 
Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 280-281. 

Letter. West India Company to the States General, including 
Description of the Boundaries of New Netherlands. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 206-207. 

Note. Claims the Dutch should have from Cape Henlopen (30 leagues 
south of Sand.v^Hook ) . 



EBSURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 219 

1653. Virginia and Maryland. Or the Lord Baltimore printed case, un- 
cased and answered, ec. Q. London, 1655. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O. State papers colonial, v. 5, No. 27. 
Pub. London, 1653. 

Force Tracts, rel. to Colonies of N. A., v. 2, No. 9, 1837. 
Cf. Allen, Oatl. Penn Papers, No. 180. 
1653/4. 
Mar. 18. License. Lt. Governor Wm. Stone to Captain Thomas Adams. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Procpedings, Liber B, pp. 538-559. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 300-301. 

Abst. Grants authority to trade "with those of the Swedish Nation in 

Delaware Bay or in any part of this Province." 
1654. 
May 30. Extract from Propositions made by Director Stuyvesant to his 

Council in view of a threatened attack of the English. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 75-76. 
Abst. Questions advisahility of giving up Fort Casimir. Council decided 

June 2 not to give up the fort. 

Nov.17/27. Letter. Ambassadors Beverumgk and Nieupoort to Secretary 
Ruysch. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 5, v. 5, pp. 216-217. 

Ab.st. Referring to Dutch claims, they say they have not been furnished 
with satisfactory reasons and arguments though they cannot satisfy 
themselves "of the unsoundness of the position of those on this side." 

1655/6. Map. Visscher, N. J. Novi Belgii Novaeque Angliae Nic Non 
Partis Virginias. Tabula multis in loci emendata a Nicolao 
Joannes Visschero. [Amsterdam, about 1655.] 22"xl9". 

Cf. Dodd. Mead & Co.. Cat. .Americana. Apr., 1908, p. 41, and text under 
heading of 1685 for account of copy bearing the endorsement on the back. 
"The map by which the Privy Council, 1685. settled the bounds between 
Lord Baltimore & I, and Maryland & Pennsylvania & Territories. 
or annexed Counties." W. P. .Among the "emendations" referred to is 
the incorrect location of Cape Hlnlopen. 

The reproduction in Plate LXXV of the text is from the 1659 edition in 
the Library of Congress. See footnote, p. 165. 

Repr. Asher., List of maps of New Netherlands, 1855, at end. 

Note. The location of Cape Henlopen emphasized by Penns, Cf. Brevlate, 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2. v. 16. Later editions (.Actus Minor, 1690) show line 
up peninsula from Henlopen to head of Chesapeake. This is copied In 
Du Val, 1684 ; Lea, 1698 (in Thomas, Pa.) ; Moll, 1715 ; Nicholls, 1722. 

C.oleman. Penn Papers, 480. "Sold in Ellis sale London. Nov. 1885 as 
No. 232." (Winsor, v. 5, p. 272. Note 5). Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, 
pp. 243-244. 

Report concerning the hostile and treacherous invasion of the 
Swedish colony in Nova Svecia by the Dutch. (Official report 
of Governor Rising.) 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2. v. 5. pp. 224-229. 

Cf. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 88-89. 

Abst. An account of the capture of Blfsborg, Fort Casimir and Fort 
Christ iaia. 

Oct. 10. Letter. Richard Bennet and Samuel Matthews to Secretary 
Thurlow. 

Pub. Thurloe, State Papers, v. 5, p. 482. 
Hazard, Hist. Coll., v. 1, p. 620. 

Abst. By Baltimore is re-established in his government people there 
should he more secure. 

Oct. 10. Objections against Lord Baltimore's patent and reasons why the 
government of Maryland should not be put in his hands. By 
R. Bennet and S. Matthews. 

Pub. Thurloe's State Papers, v. 5, p. 482. 
Hazard, Hist. Coll., v. 1, pp. 621-623. 
Abst. Baltimore was to have only uncultivated land whereas the Isle of 
Kent was settled long before his charter. 



220 



SOUKCE MATEKIAL 



1656. 



1656/7. 
Jan. 28. 



1657. 
April 12. 



May 27. 



1658. 
June 7. 



1659. 
May 23. 



A paper relating to Maryland. 

PoB. Thurloe's State Papers, v. 5, p. 483. 
Hazard, Hist. Coll., v. 1, pp. 623-628. 

Abst. Answering Baltimore that his grant was surreptitious and exorbi- 
tant. Refers to Baltimore's presence with King Charles at Oxford and 
Bristol. 

Deduction or clear and precise Account of the Condition of the 
South River situated in New Netherland, and of the unseemly 
proceedings of the Swedes there; presented to the High and 
Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands. 
Received 28th January, 1656 (with 10 appendices of documents). 

Ms. Okiq. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I. C, No. 9. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 1, pp. 587-592. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 235-263. See also pp. 390-398. 
Abst. Records purchased from the Indians by the Dutch northward from 
Menquaas kill to Bombay Hook. 

Deed from Stuyvesant to the Burgomasters of Amsterdam of Fort 
Casimir and the lands thereunto belonging. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 166. 

Abst. Conveys land from west side of Christina Cneek to mouth of Dela- 
ware River, called Boomptyes Hoeck, and so far to the landward as the 
boundaries of the Minquas' country. 

Extract from the Register of secret resolutions, taken by the 
Lords-Directors of the West India Company, Department" 
Amsterdam. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 215. 

Abst. Stuyvesant to be directed to get rid of all Englishmen on South 
river and under no circumstances to receive again any one of the English 
nation. Bill of sale dated June 7, 1659. Cf. loc. cit., p. 243. 

Letter. Directors of West India Company to P. Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 215-216. 
Pa. Anch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 535-536. 

Abst. Request thajt "the land from Cape Henlopen to Bomticus Hoeck 
should be purchased by our orders and then conveyed to their director 
fAlrlchsl there." "No time is to be lost herein, but speed is necessary 
in order to anticipate thereby other nations, especially our English 
neighbors." 

Letter. Jacob Alrichs to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 12, pp. 242-243. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 566-567. 

Abst. Notifies Stuyvesant of rumors that English pretend that this river 
and land belong to them and that they are about to send persons to take 
possessions. Asks for soldiers or the presence of Stuyvesant. Only 10 
soldiers then at New Amstel. 



June 23. [Letter. Vice Director Alrichs to Governor Fendall.] 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 2. p. 64. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 314-315. 

Note. The firet direct communication between the Dutch and Maryland. 

June 26. Letter. Jacob Alrichs to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 245. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 569. 

Abst. Asks of advisability of sending embassy to Virginia to inquire into 
the truth of rumors. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 221 

1659. 

July 8. Instructions to Col. Utie. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber H. H. p. 43. 
Pub. N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., v. 3, p. 368. 

Md. Arch., v. 3, p. 365. 
Abst. Ordered to go to Delaware Bay settlers to say they are in his 

Lordship's Province without notice and to require their Governor to 

depart the province. 

July 8. Letter. Governor Fendal to [Jacob Alrichs] Commander of the 
People in Delaware Bay. 

Ms. Orig. Amsterdam. Stad. Huys.. V. S., No. 38. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber H. H., p. 43. 
Pub. O'Callaghan's Hist, of New Neth., v. 2, p. 378. 

Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, p. 67. 

Md. Arch., v. 3, p. 365. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2. v. 5, p. 318. 
Abst. Denies rights of Dutch and lays claim to Delaware for Lord 
Baltimore. 

July 29. Letter. J. Alrichs to Peter Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 247-248 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 572. 

Abst. Confirms belief in rumors and tells of leitter sent to Governor of 
Maryland, via Col. Jud fUtie]. Utie had already informed the Dutch 
of his commission to visit them. 

Aug 16. Letter. J. Alrichs to Burgomaster de Graaff. 

Ms. Orig. AmsteTdam. Stad. Huys, V. S., No. 55. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 68-71. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 319-323. 

Abst. Refers to claim of Lord Balthus Moor Fsicl that the territory is 
in his province which is causing much uneasiness. Also refers to estab- 
lishment of a settlement at the Whorekill. "The colony is in length 
along the Bay, about nine leagues, and on the river seven; Inland, it is 
tolerably deep, the iiecxt place being about a day's journey off." 

Aug. 18. Letter. Jacob Alrichs to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 248-249. 

Abst. Reports that "Mr. Fendal, who is now on behalf of Lord Balthus 
Moor (residing in Old England) Governor of Maryland, has strict orders 
to make a close inquiry and investigation concerning the limits and juris- 
diction in his district in these latitudes and in case they are in some- 
body's possession, to notify the same of it, summon to surrender it and 
do his further duties according to his power and the circumstances of the 
case." This becoming public caused such fright as to stop all work. 

Sept. 4. Letter. Director Stuyvesant to Directors of "West India Company. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 249-250. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7 p. 574. 
Abst. Fears that attack may be made on South river by the Swedes 

backed by the English. Knows that Baltimore has sent instructions to 

his Governor concerning boundaries. 

Sept. 9. Protest of the Vice-Director Alrichs and Council of New Amstel 
against Colonel Utie. 

Ms. Copy. Amsterdam. Stad. Huys., V. S., No. 42. (Holland Documents 

xvi., 117). 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 73-75. 

Abst. Object to his claims and manner of action and demand proof of his 
statements. 

Sept. 9. Letter. Jacob Alrichs to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 12, pp. 250-1. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 575-576. 
Abst. Tells of arrival of Colonel Utie and party and says that unless 
Stuyvesant sends reenforcements or comes himself they cannot hold out. 



222 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1659. 

Sept. 12. Letter. William Beekman to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 252-253. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 577-578. 
Abst. Representing the W. I. Co. he reports the demands and sayings 
of Col. Utie. 

Sept. 17. Letter. Governor Stuyvesant to Directors of West India Company. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 254. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 579. 
Abst. Describes deplorable condition of New Amstel, hardly thirty 

families remaining and only eight to ten soldiers, with perhaps as many 

more at the Horekil. 

Sept. 18. Letter. Governor Stuyvesant to Director of West India Company. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 254-255. 

Pa. Arch., s«r. 2, v. 7, p. 580. 
Abst. Encloses letters from South river and asks for men and ammunition. 

Sept. 20. Letter. Vice-Director J. Alrichs to Commissioners of the Colony 
on the Delaware. 

Ms. Orig. Amsterdam. Stad. Huys., V. S., No. 54. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 75-76. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 328-329. 
Abst. Notifies them of Maryland claims. 

Sept. 20. Letter. William Beekman to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 255-256. 

Abst. Hears that 500 Marylanders are ready to act on notice but doubts 
it. Has sent out spy and asks for reenforceipents. 

Sept. 21. Letter. Jacob Alrichs to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 12, p. 257. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v 7, p. 583. 
Abst. Has engaged yacht to convey letter as he has tried twice before 

to get word of English demands but has not heard of their receipt by 

Stuyvesant. 

Sept. 21. Letter. William Beekman to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 258. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7. p. 584. 
Abst. Says Alrich and d'Hinojossa are much disturbed about English 
while he thinks little will bei attempted. 

Sept. 23. Letter. Director Stuyvesant to Messrs. Alrichs and Beekman. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y,. v. 12. p. 259. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7. p. 585. 
Abst. Rebukes the representatives of the Amsterdam Colon ey (New 

Amstel) aind the W^est India Co. for their frivolous treatmenit of Col. 

Utie. 

Sept. 23. Commission of Cornelius Van Ruyven and Martin Creiger to regu- 
late affairs at the Delaware. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12. pp. 260-261. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7. p. 586. 

Note. Commissioners with sixty men arrived at New Amstel September 
26. 1659. 

Sept. 23. Letter. Governor Peter Stuyvesant to Governor of Maryland. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceedings Liber H. H., pp. 44-45. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 366-367. 

Abst. Complains of Col. Utie's actions and accredit Herman and Waldron. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 223 

1659. 

Sept. 23. Credentials. Governor Peter Stuyvesant to Augustine Heermans 
and Resolveed Waldron. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceed in gs, Dibier H. H. pp. 46-47. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 261-262. 

Md. AToh.. V. 3, pp. 367-369. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 586-588. 
Abst. Authorizes them to ask for the return of fugitives and the punish- 
ment of Col. Utie and to treat with the Governor of Maryland. 

Sept. 30. Letter. William Beekman to Director Stuyvesant. 

P0B. Doc. rel. ColoniaJ Hist. N. Y. v. 12, p. 264. 

Ba. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 590. 
Abst. Tells of the refusal of Swedes to aid in resisting English and 
justifies his action in not arresting Col. Utie. 

Oct. 6. Declaration and Manifestation delivered to Governor of Maryland 
on behalf of Governor of New Netherlands by Augustine 
Herman and Resolved Waldron. 

Ms. Orig. Roy. Arch., Hague, L. No. 49. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber H. H., pp. 48-55. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 369-375. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 332-337 (another translation). 
N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., v. 3, p. 373 (incorrect tiianslation). . 
Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 80-84. 
Abst. Claims Dutch have prior rights through Spanish and that England 
recognized this by lieeplng New England and Virginia 100 leagues apart. 
Demands that Dutch and Swedish runaways be returned. Proposes that 
Commissioners be appointed to settle the hounds between the Dutch and 
English. 

Oct. 7. Letter. Governor and Council of Maryland to Governor and 
Council of New Netherlands. 

Ms. Copy. Amsterdam. Stad. Huys., v. 3, No. 49. 

Md. Council Proceedings, Liber H. H., pp. 55-57. 
Pub. Md. Aroh., v. 3, pp. 375-377. 

N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., V. 3 pp. 384-385. 

Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, pp. 250-251. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 340-341. 
Abst. Reply to Dutch demands denying Dutch claims and asserting States 
General had denied sanction of Delawai'e siettlements. 

Oct. 7. Answer. Herman and Waldron to Governor and Council of 
Maryland. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber H. H., p. 58. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3. pp. 377-378. 

N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., v. 3, p. 384. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 339-340. 

Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 83-86. 
Abst. First time "inculta" claim is argued against Baltimore's title to 
Delaware. 

Oct. 6-9. Minutes. Maryland Council. Concerning Mission of Dutch 
Embassy. 

Ms. Grig. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber H. H., pp. 44-59. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 366-378. 

Abst. Contains an account of various interviews and copies of above- 
mentioned papers. 

Oct. 16. Letter. Director Alrichs and Council to Messrs. Van Ruyven and 
Creiger. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12 pp. 272-279. 
Abst. Recites former attempts of English to show that act of Mary- 
landers was not caused by deserters but was result of deliberation (278). 



224 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1659. 
Oct. 21. Journal of Augustyn Herman's journey to Annapolis. Sept. 30, 

1659-Oct. 20, 1659. 

Pub. Albany Records, v. 18, pp. 337-364. 

Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 88-89. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 340-357. 
Hazard's Annals of Pennsylvania (abstract). 
Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, pp. 244-248 (abstract). 

Note. 18 Oct. Herman reads Maryland charter and notes bearing of the 
phrase "hactenus inculta" for the first time. 

Oct. 21. Report of Messrs. Heermans and Waldron to Director Stuyvesant. 

Ms. Copt. Am'sterdam. Stad. Huys., V. S., No. 48. 
Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 99-100. 

Dec. 12. Letter. J. Alrichs to the Commissioners of the Colonie on the 
Delaware River. 

Ms. Orig. Amsterdam. Stad. Huys., V. S., No. 56. 
Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 112-114. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 371-374. 

Abst. Gives account of Dutch Embassy to Maryland. 

Dec. 24. Letter. Skipper Huys to the Commissioners of the Colonie on 
the Delaware River. 

Ms. Orig. Amsterdam. Stad. Huys., V. S., No. 51. 

POB. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 114-116. 

Abst. "The cause and pretence which the English of Maryland set up, 
proceed only from one Baltmo; and from some of our own people who 
went thither from here and afterwards persuaded the English that they 
could take the place without m'uch difficulty." 

Dec. 26. Letter. Director Stuyvesant to Directors of West India Company. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 288-289. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7. pp. 617-619. 
Abst. Refers to Herman and Waldron embassy and encloses full account. 
1659/60. 
Mar. 9. Letter. Directors Dutch West India Company to Governor 
Stuyvesant. 

Quoted : Scharf, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 251. 

Abst. "Our claims and rights on the lands upon South river are in- 
disputable not so much (which, however, is the case) as first occupants 
but by real purchase from the natives." 

Mar. 15. Letter. Wm. Beekman to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 298-300. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 626-628. 
Abst. Refers to rumor that Lord Baltimore is in Marylsjnd about to 
attack with 500 men and asks for instructions. 
1660. 
April 20. Commission. Lord Baltimore to Captain James Neale. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 378. 

Abst. Orders Captain Neal© to protest to Dutch W. I. Co. and to demand 

whether or not they acknowledge the cultivation of the colony at New 

Amstel and if so to demand their submission. 

May 25. Letter. William Beecqman to Director Stuyvesant. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 312-313. 

Abst. Refers to a letter from Augustine Herrman dated 16-26 Apr. stating 
that "they ate busy over the separation of the boundaries, to be thus 
relieved of further quarrels with those of Deluwaer bay." 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 225 

1660. 
July 3. Letter. Charles II to Governor of Virginia. 

Ms. Copy. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I., Comp. No. 48. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 380. 

Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, p. 118. 

Abst. Asks Grovemor to assist in establishing jurisdiction of Lord Balti- 
more, "as the same existed last January [i. e. before Fendal's revolt] 
according to his patent or. charter of said PTOvinces." 

July 20. Instructions. Lord Baltimore to Captain James Neale. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceedings, Liber H. H. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, pp. 427-428. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 380-381. 
Abst. Ordered to train men willing to ajttack enemies upon the shore 

within the limits of our Province. 

July 24. Instructions. Lord Baltimore to Capt. James Neale. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 381. 

Abst. Renews instructions to ask of Dutch West India Company whether 
or not they claim Delaware territory. 

July 24. Commission. Lord Baltimore to Captain James Neale. 

Ms. Oeig. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I.. Comp. No. 48. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 380-381. 

Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, p. 119. 
Abst. Same commission and order. 

Aug. 17. Extracts from minutes of the Deputies of the General Incor- 
porated West India Company, representing the Assembly of 19, 
at Amsterdam, relating to boundary controversy. 

Ms. Oeiq. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I. C, No. 48. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 116-123. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 377-385. 
Contains. Minutes of Meeting 17 Aug. — 25 Sept. 1660. 

Protest of Capt. James Neale on behalf of Lord BaLtimore. 

Conflrmiation of Baltimore's rights by Charles II. 

Second commission to James Neale. 

Answer of Deputies to Baltimore's claim. 

Aug. 17. Proceedings. West India Company. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 377-399. 

Abst. Protest of Lord Baltimore through Captain James Neale laid by 
latter before West India Company at Amsterdam, 17 Aug. 1660, demand- 
ing surrender of plantation of New Amstel district on south side of De 
la Ware Bay within limits of his patent. Company ask King to 
negotiate boundary of South river and North river [N. Y.] settlements. 

Sept. 20. Letter. Directors Dutch West India Company to Director Stuy- 
vesant. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 326-327. 

Abst. Encloses papers bearing on Baltimore's protest and pretended rigihts 
to the City's colony fNew Amstel] and orders that colony be protected 
until this affair shall have been discussed and settled between the 
Honble Bhivoys of this State and the King of England. 

Nov. Letter. Josiah Cole to George Fox. 

Pub. Bowden, Hist, of Friends in America, v. 1, p. 38. 

Quoted in Fisher, Pa., p. 2 ; Jenkins, Pa., v. 1. p. 193. 
Abst. Susquehanna Indians tell him there is no land habitable or fit for 

situation beyond Baltimore's liberty till Susquehanna fort. 
Note. Cole was commissioned to treat for Fox with the Indians. It Is 

believed that this first suggested to Penn, then a student at Oxford, the 

thought of founding a Quaker colony. Cf. Jenkins, Pa., v. 1, p. 193. 
The description favors the location of Susquehanna fort as given by 

Herrman's map and claimed by Baltimore rather than at Octoraro Creek 

as claimed by Penns. 



226 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1660. 

Nov. 5. Remonstrance of the West India Company to the States General. 

Ms. Orig. Roy. Arch., Hague, W. I. C, No. 49. 

Pub. Doc. re\. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 131-132. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 387-389. 

Abst. Objects to English encroachments, including that of Maryland, 
and requests that Dutch ambassadors in England see that Lord Balti- 
more desist or at least, allow matters to remain in statu until commis- 
sioners can agree upon a boundary. 

Nov. 5. Deduction, or brief and clear account of the situation of New 
Netherlands; who have been its first discoverers and possessors, 
together with the unseemly and hostile usurpation committed 
by the English neighbors on the lands lying there within the 
limits of the Incorporated West India Company. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 133-139. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 390-398. 
Abst. Gives history of setttement and discusses character of Baltimore's 
claims, from the Dutch viewpoint. 

Dec. 14. Letter. Lord Baltimore to Captain Neale. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proceedings, 1657-1660, Liber H. H. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 4, pp. 426-430. 

Abst. "I hope when he comes you a^nd he and my other friends will think 
upon some speedy and effectual way© for Reducing the Dutch in Delaware 
Baye. The New England men will be assisting in itt and Secretary 
Ludwell of Virginia assured me before -he went from- h'ence that the 
Virgineans will be soe too But it were well to be done with all Celerity 
convenient because the New England men falling upon them at Manhatas 
may take it In the head to fall upon them at Delaware too and by that 
meancs pretend some title to the place." 
1661. 
July 1. Minutes on consideration of Captain Neale's Instructions. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Council Proceedings, 1660-1661, Liber H. H. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 4, pp. 426-430. 

Abst. "Resolved that all attempts be foreborne against the said town of 
New Amstell till such tyme as letters from- his lop may again be had." 
Position taken on account of doubts as to true latitude and the resolute 
position of the Dutch. 

July 21. Letter. Director Stuyvesant to Directors of Dutch West India 
Company. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12. pp. 347-349. 

Abst. Refers to Maryland's claim of the south bank of the Delaware and 
the fact that Governor Calvert had been ordered to prosecute his claim 
by all possible means since Lord Baltimore's charter had been confirmed 
by the King. 
1661/2. 

Jan. 27. Letter. Directors in Holland to Director General and Council. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 359 (extract). 
Note. Refers to offer by Govemier of Maryland to make a provisional 
boundary, which apparently was declined without reference to them, 
cf. 15 July, 1662. 
1662. 

July 15. Letter. Director Stuyvesant to Directors of Dutch . West India 
Company. 

Pub. Doc. pel. Colonia.1 Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 389-391. 

Abst. Says that offer of a provisional settlement of the boundary question 
had been proposed and made to Director d'Hinoyossa and that this had 
not been referi-ed to Commissary Beeckman nor himself. 

Nov. 24. Letter. William Beeckman to Director Stuyvesant. 
Pub. Doc. rel. ^Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 417-418. 

Abst. Refers to conference between Governor of Maryland amd d'Hinoyoesa 
at Bohemia Manor and the new patents received by Lord Baltimore 
which include the Delaware region. ' 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



227 



1663. 

Aug. 15. 



Letter. "William Beekman to Director Stuyvesant and Council. 

Fob. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 437-438. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 704-705. 

Abst. Cliarles, Lord Baltimore, visits New Amsteil and Alfena with retinue. 
Attempts on the part of van Sweeringer to settle a boundary are referred 
to "Old [Cecil] Lord Baltimore" in England. 

Sept. 11. Letter. Directors of the "West India Company to the Director 
General and Council of New Netherlands. 

Fob. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y. v. 12, pp. 440-442. 
Fa. Ardi., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 707-709. 

Abst. Announces cession of all South river to the City of Amsterdam and 
orders evacuation of Fort Christina with removal of Company property 
and surrender of all that concerns the Colony. A similar letter under 
date of Sept. 13, 1663, was sent to Vice-Director Beeckman. 



Dec. 22. 



Deed, transferring to the Burgomaster of Amsterdam, Holland, 
all the country on the Delaware. 



Fob. 



449. 



1663/4. 
Mar. 12. 



Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 
Fa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 715. 

Abst. Conveys "the said Soutli river from the sea upwards to as far as 
the river reaches, on the east side inland three leagues [12 miles] from 
the bank of the river on the west side as far as the territory reaches to 
the BngMsh Colony, with all streams, kils, creeks, pors, bays, and out- 
lines belonging thereto." 

Grant of New Netherlands, etc. Charles II to the Duke of York. 

Ms. Oeig. N. Y. Book of Fatents, v. 1, p. 169. 
Ms. Copx. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Fapers, No. 211. 
FuB. Doc. nel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2. pp. 295-298. 

Fa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 8-9 (extract) ; pp. 96, 97, 245, 700. 

Del. Registrar, pp. 88-89. 

Annals of Del., ch. 3. 

Abst. Grants territory eastward from east side of Delaware Bay. 

Cf. also grant of 1674 (June 29). ! 

1664. 
Apr. 2-26. Inspeximus of New York Records. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Fapers, No. 147. 

Abst. Contains copies of Duke of York's grant ; commission of Nicholls. 
Made Oct., 1735, under Great Seal of N. Y. [Parchment]. 

Another copy made Oct. 20, 1735. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Fapers, No. 150. 

June 24. Copy of part of a Deed from his Royal Highness James, Duke of 
York, etc., to the Lord Berkley, Baron of Stratton and Sir 
Geo. Carteret, Knight and Baronet taken from the publick 
Registry kept in Secy's office at Burlington, N. J. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 212. 
Abst. This is part of the deed for Bast and West Jersey. 

Sept. 2. Letter. Gov. Stuyvesant to Rich. Nicolls. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. xil-xv. 

Abst. Stuyvesant acknowledges letters of 20/30 August, 1664. States his 
commission of 26 July, 1646, based on grant of States General to Dutch 
West India Company in 1621 as strong as any granted by English. 
Denies undisputed possession by English. [Tlhe dates appear to conflict 
on account of differences in Dutch and English calendars.] 
Cf. Pa. Awb., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 248. 



228 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1664. 

Sept. 3. Commission to Sir Robert Carr to subdue the Dutch settled in 
Delaware Bay. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., B. T., v. 16, p. 32. 
Pub. Smith, Hist. N. J., 1765, p. 47. 

Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, p. 70 ; v. 12, p. 458. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 536. 

Sept. 3. Instructions to Sir Robert Carr for the reducing of Delaware Bay 
and settling the people there under his Majesties Obedience. 

Ms. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. xvi-xvll, 457-458. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 536-537 ; v. 7, pp. 719-720 ; v. 16, pp. 250- 
251. 

Abst. "You have commands to keep possession therof for his Maties own 
behalf and right . . . and if my Lord Baltimore doth pretend right 
thereto by his Patent (which is a doubtful case) you are to say that you 
only keep possession till his Maties is informed and satisfled otherwisie." 

s"^ e"^' \ ^^^ic^^^ between Dutch and English. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2 p. 250. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 25-27. 
Abst. This terminated the Dutch power in America. Preliminaries began 

Aug. (19) 29 and were concluded by this agreement. Correspondence. 

Pub. Doc. irel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12. 

Oct. 1. Articles of Agreement between Sir Robert Carr and the Dutch 
and Swedes inhabiting in Delaware Bay and rivers. 5 fol. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., B. T., N. Y., v. 1, p. 169. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3. p. 71. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 544, 545, 547 ; v. 16, p. 251. 

Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, p. 123. 

Oct. Letter. Colonel Richard Nicolls to Sir H. Bennett, Secretary of 

State. 5 pp. fol. 

Ms. Okig. p. R. O., Am. & W. T. (o. s.). 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2. v. 5, pp. 541-543. 

Abst. Thinks Baltimore will be more solicitous to secure from> His Majesty 
than from the powerful Amsterdam, "and that his Lordpp will make a 
faire pretence to It by his pattent : But I hope that His Maty will either 
looke upon his pattent for Governour as forfeited by act of Parliament 
foir trading Tvith the Dutch, or, at least, so much of his pattent as has 
been reduced at His Majesty's charge." 

July 22 ) Inspeximus of New York Records: Letter from Governor Win- 

Oct. 1. i throp. Commissions to Governor Nicholls and other documents 

relating to Dutch on the Delaware. [Parchment]. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 151. Made October 20, 
1735. 

Oct. 24. Commissioners warrant to Colonel Richard Nicholls to go to 
Delaware Bay. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 551. 
1665/e. 
Feb. 16. Instructions. Cecil Lord Baltimore to Charles Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 213. 
1666. 
April 9. Letter. Colonel R. Nicolls to Lord Arlington. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 569-571. 

Abst. Still hold west side without patent. "Lord Baltimore can never 
make good his pretences within twenty miles of any part of the River. 
"All that tract of land to the West side and East side of Delaware River 
which was recovered to His Maties dominions from -the hands of the 
Burgomasters of Amsterdam, which was twenty miles distance from east 
, Bide of the River." 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 229 

1667. Map. Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova. 19%xl5 in. 

In Blaau, Le grand atlas, Amsterdam, 1667, v. 12, p. 17. 
Note. Shows Cape Henlopen at its present position, not at the "false 
cape" as in Visscher, 1659, etc. 
1668. 
June 16. Exemplification of a grant on west side Delaware Bay to Isaac 
Halme and others. [Parchment]. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 146. Made Aug. 18, 1735. 
Note. One of many grants by Agents of Duke of York showing practice of 
the time. 
1669. 
July 28. Instructions. Cecil, Lord Baltimore to Charles Calvert. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 54, 55. 

Abst. Settlement upon "Seaboard side of Eastern Shoar and on Delaware 
Bay within the Degree forty Notherly Latitude and particularly the 
Whorekill [Lewes] to be encouraged, and manors for the proprietor to 
be laid out at the Whorekill and on the Eastern Shore." 

Oct. 22. Order of Survey. Maryland Council to Jerome White, Surveyor 
General. 

Ms. Okig. Md. Council Proc, Liber A. M., pp. 14, 24, 25. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 57, 58. 

Abst. Sui-veyor General ordered to make out "Northly bounds of this 
province as near as possible as the degree forty and return his observa- 
tions to the Deputy Lieuts. in Council." 

Ordered that the Surveyor General [Jerome White] be accommodated 
by Wm. Brookes, Governor's steward, with provisions and men and the 
Governor's sloop to go up the Bay by the 29th of Oct. 

Nov. 26. Letter. Jerome White, Surveyor-General of Maryland, to Colonel 
Francis Lovelace, Governor of New York. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proc, Liber A. M., pp. 23, 24. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 216. 
Minutes of Md. Council, Oct. 22, 1669. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 58. 

Abst. In obedience to orders of Maryland proprietor to survey all of the 
land mentioned in his patent on the sea-board side of the Delaware to the 
degree 40, by observation taken this day at New Castle, finds it to lie in 
39 degrees and 80 minutes north latitude, which is 30 minutes south of 
the north bounds of the patent. Understanding that New Oastle, since 
the conquest from the Dutch by his Ma.iesty's forces is claimed for the 
Duke, he is constrained to acquaint him with the claim he makes for the 
Maryland proprietor, i. e., to the New Castle and adjacent territories 
from the bounds of Virginia to degree 40. 

Dec. 31. Letter. Matthias Nicolls of New York to Colonel Nicolls of 
London. 5 fol. 

Ms. Oetg. p. R. O., B. T., N. Y., v. 1, B. A., p. 40. 
Pdb. Pa. Ardh., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 852-853. 

Abst. "Mr. White, Surveyor General of Maryland, made claims to the 
■west side of Delaware river on behalf of Lord Baltimore, but did not 
succeed in establishing obedience." 
1670. 
Dec. 23. Commission from William Talbott to William Stervens and 
James Weedon. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Council Proc, Liber A. M., pp. 43-44. 
Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 63-64, 79-80. 

Abst. Appoints them deputy surveyors for the seaboard side on Delaware 
Bay within 40th degree, and particularly at Whorekill. 

Dec. 23. Proclamation by William Talbot, Secretary of Maryland. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Council Proc, Liber A. M., pp. 47-48. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 63-64, 78-79. 

Abst. According to instructions gives conditions of plantation on Eastern 
Shore or Delaware Bay. 



X 



230 * SOURCE MATERIAL 

1670. 

Dec. 24. Commission from Lieutenant General and chief Governor, Charles 
Calvert, appointing James Weedon to be Deputy Surveyor, 24, 
Dec. 1670. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proc, Liber A. M., pp. 45, 46. 

Pub. Md. Arcli., v. 5, pp. 80, 81. 

Abst. Jerome Wlaite, the Surveyor-Gemeral, being absent from the province 
and on account of the necessity for a Deputy Governor on the Seaboard 
side to speedily settle those parts and the Governor "reposing Especial 
trust and Confidence in your ability Skill and Circumspection in the Art 
of Surveying in the laying out of Lands and Running out of Lines" he ia 
<>mpowered to act as Deputy Surveyor. 

Note. On account of his recognized merit as a surveyor Weedon may have 
been the "artist" with Charles, Lord Baltimore, in his observations at 
New Castle, 1681, and later. No surveyor's name is mentioned in reports 
of proceedings at these later timies. In other commissions from Wm. 
Talbot, secretary, printed in connection with the above Weedon is to 
act jointly with Wm. Stevens to grant warrants for the settling of the 
Seaboard side of the Eastern Sliore showing that he was employed In the 
region of the boundary dispute. 
1670/1. 

Mar. 21. Order. Cecil Baltimore enlarges on his instructions of July 
28, 1669, making them retroactive as to settlement of Eastern 
Shore, [etc.] 

Cf. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 63, 64. 

May 1. Copy of confirmation made by Colonel Lovelace, Governor of New 
York, of land on west side of Delaware Bay. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 220, 221. 
May 18. Minutes. New York Council. Regarding Whorekill affairs. 

Pub. Doc. Pel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 479. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, p. 734. 
Abst. Letter sent to Governor of Maryland asking opinion of a certain 

disaster whether it occurs in Maryland or his R. H. dominions. This 

happened near Cape Henlopen. 

1671. Ogilby, (John) America. An accurate description of the new 
world and its inhabitants, also the remarkable voyages thither, 
the conquest of Mexico, Peru, [etc.]. London, 1671. 

• "Numerous curious plates. Maps, portraits, etc. Calf gift bound by Clarke 
and Bedford, royal foiio. The armorial bookplate of "William Penn, Esq., 
founder of Pennsylvania. 1705. Inserted." No. 534 in Puttick & Simp- 
son : [auction] catalogue of . . . the libraries of William Penn and 
his descendants. London, 1872. 
See deposition of John Paris. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 512-516. 
Note. The map often referred to from this volume is probably a modifica- 
tion of Visscher's. 1656. See later, under 1685. 

1671. Contains Map. Novi Belgii quod nunc Novi Jorck vocatur. 
-1^ 13y2xliy2 in. at p. 168. 

Map. Nova terrae-Mariae tabula (a revision of the Lord Baltimore map of 

1635), at p. 183. 
Note. The latter map shows Md. extending to 40th degree, including site 
of Phila., as claimed hy Baltimore. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 272. 
1672. 
April 27. Certificate of William Tom and others relative to the presence of 
Mr. Jenkins, a Maryland surveyor, at the Horekil. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 496. 

Abst. Simply gives information of incident land asks for Instructions. 

May 17. New York Coupcil Minute of Meeting. 

Pub. Doc. i-el. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12 pp. 496-497. 

Abst. Approve resistance of magistrates to Maryland surveyors. 



^ 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



231 



1672. 

June 19. That part of Maryland beginning at southermost part of Rehobeth 
Bay and thence northward along the seaboard side up Delaware 
Bay to degree 40 is erected into a county called Worcester by 
Cecil Calvert and proclaimed as such by the Governor his son. 
19-20 June, 1672. 

Cf. Md. Aroh., v. 5, pp. 108-110. Liber A. M., 99-100. 

July 11. Order. Charles Calvert to Captain Marsh to proceed against any 
enemies shown him by Captain Jones commander of the forces 
in Worcester County. 

Cf. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 111. 

Aug. 12. Letter. Governor Lovelace to Governor Philip Calvert of Mary- 
land. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 500. 
Pa. Arch. ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 749-750. 
Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, p. 632. 

Abst. Remonstrates against behavior of Captain Jones at Whorekill and 
dem'ands his punishment. 

Sept. 27. Letter. John Carr to Governor Lovelace. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 503. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 753. 
Abst. Says Marylanders are levying troops to reduce west side of Dela- 
ware as high as degree forty. 

Oct. 7. Letter. Governor Lovelace to Captain Carr on plunder [etc.] of 
Whorekill by Marylanders. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist, N.' Y., v. 12. p. 504. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, pp. 624-627. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 753-754. 

Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 132-133. 
Abst. Orders ipihabltants to put themselves In readness for defense. 

Dec. 10. Letter. Captain Cantwell to Governor Lovelace. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y.. v. 12, p. 505. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2 v. 7, p. 755. 
Abst. Sent to remonstrate in Maryland he says that he saw the Governor 
confirm Captain Jones' commission. 



1671/3. 



1673. 
Aug. 12. 



1673/4. 
Jan. 2. 



Extract from the Registry Books kept by James Weedon and 
Francis Jenkins, surveyors of land on seaside and Delaware 
Bay. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 218, 219. 
Grants of land on or near Delaware. Copy m^ade about 1750. For con- 
tents see Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Publications, No. 28, p. 94. 

Commission to Gov. Colve. 

Pub. Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 134-135. 

Abst. Colve's control to 15 m. south of Cape Henlopen. 

Map of Virginia and Maryland as' it is planted and inhabited this 
present Year 1670 Surveyed and Exactly Drawn by the Only 
Labour & Endeavor of Augustin Herrman, Bohemiensis. Copy- 
righted Jan. 2, 1674. 

Cf. Mathews, Maps and Map Mabers of Maryland, 1898, pp. 368-386. 

This is the best map of the Maryland-Delaware region at the time of Penn's 

grants and deeds of feoffment. It locates the Susquehanna Fort directly 

on the 40th degree, cf. Letter, 1680, June 23. 



232 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1673/4. 
Jan. 14. Proclamation by Governor Colve sent to the Delaware on an 
invasion of the District by Maryland people. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 511. 
Pa. Arch. ser. 2, v. 5, p. 852 ; v. 7, p. 761. 

Abst. All refugees to be cared for and all inhabitants to be under orders 
of Commander Alrigs fAlrichsl. 

Feb. Treaty between Dutch and English. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 9. 

Note. This restores New Netherlands to the English. 
1674. 
June 29. Grant. Charles II to James, Duke of York. 

Ms. Orig. 26 Car. II., 1674, cf. p. 10. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 283 (extract). 

Abst. Confirms grant of 1664 lest title should be affected by temporary 

Dutch occupancy. Same limits to territory as in original grant. No 

reference to western shore of Delaware. 
Cf. also, grants of 1682 (Mar. 22) and 1683 (May). The Latter stopped 

by Baltimore's petition. 

Letter. John Werden to Governor Andres. 

Ms. Copt. P. R. O., N. Y. Entries CLI, 24. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 246-247. 

Abst. "I should be glad [if the title to Delaware] were confirmed in the 
Dulse's poss(^ssion by a better title, yn this, wch, indeed, to an ordinary 
person would not be very secure." 

Oct. 31. Dutch New York City surrender to Governor Andros. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 48. 

Nov. 3. Letter. Gov. Andros to Governor of Maryland. 

Ms. Copy. N. Y. Secy. State. Records, No. 1, fol. 7. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 513-514. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 284-285. 

Abst. Informs them of the retaking of New York and the Deliawai^e fi'om 
the Dutch. 

Nov. 26. Commission to Captain Cantwell and Mr. William Toun to receive 
Newcastle in Delaware and any other part of the country 
. . . . particularly at the Whorekill. 

Pub. Doc. neil. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, p. 515. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 763. 

1675. Inspeximus of New York Records; Boundaries of neighboring 
Colonies, Nicholl's Commission; Duke of York's Grant; and 
other documents relating to settlements on Delaware. [Parch- 
ment] . 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Pajpers. No. 152. Made July 29, 1740. 

Sept. 23. Copy of Paper setting out the payments agreed upon for pur> 
chasing land on Delaware River of the Indians. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 225. 

Abst. "Note. York government purchased of the Indians such lands only ; 
upon west side of ye Delaware as lay to ye northward of the line of 40 — ■ 
for as to the few settlements below, and New Castle Town, they clearly 
expected orders, as I observed in my former, to surrender them up to 
Maryland [tke Lord Proprietor] 61 years ago." 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 233 

1676. 

April 10. "A draft of Generall Enquirys to be Sent to the Governors of his 
Matys Plantations." 

Ms. Oeig. Unsigned. Spneiad upon minutes of meeting of Committee of 

Trade and Plantations. Whitetiall, April 10. 
Ms. Copy. Colonial Entry Book, No. 104. P. K. O., Liber A. M., 99-100. 
Pub. Md. Arcli., v. 5, p. 125-128. 
[Query]. 12. What are the boundaries, longitude, latitude and contents 

of the land within your Government, what number of acres, patented, 

settled or unsettled? 

April 10. Privy Council Committee of Trade and Foreign Plantations 
Circular letter to Ld. Baltimore transmitting heads of enquiry 

Ms. Orig. Spread upon the Minutes of meeting for April 10, 1676. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. 0., Colonial Entry book, v. 52. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 128-130. 

PQueryl. 10. What are the Boundaries, Longitude, Latitude and Contents 

of Land within your Province? . 
Abst. "The Council of Trade and Forreign Plantation having been lately 

superseded by the above new Committee of the Privy Council it is found 

that His Majesty cannot be advised about the colonies for lack of 

information." 

May 11. Letter. Captain Cantwell to Governor Andras. 

Pdb. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 545-546. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 779-780. 
Abst. Asks order to lay out bounds of the Whorekill, saying old Indians 
can show how far the Dutch formerly claimed. 

Aug. 31. Letter. Sir John Werden to Gov. Andras. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. C, N. Y., 155, p. 22. 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 238-240. 

Abst. Duke advised not to pass a patent singly for the Delaware Planta- 
tion but to wait for the occasion of altering that of New York. Similar 
statements made in a letter dated May 7, 1677. 
i 1677. 
* June 11. Letter. Hermanns Wiltbank to Governor Andras. 

\ Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 576-577. 

\ Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 788-789. 

Abst. Says Marylanders have recently surveyed several thousand acres 
;' within Delaware territory. He can produce a written instrument 

; between the Christians and Indians showing that the former bought 

"southward of the Whorekill Creeks about the Distance of 18 or 20 miles, 
, But to the northward of the supposed Cape Henlopen [?].... 

j Being called Assawoma Inlett." 

I See also letter of 18, Sept. 1677, Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 791. 

Sept. 18. Letter. Helmer Wiltbank to Governor Andras. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12, pp. 582-583. 
' Abst. Refers to surveys north of Cape Henlopen and Assawoman Creek. 

1678. 
Mar. 26. Charles, Lord Baltimore. My answer to the Enquiryes sent unto 
me by order of the Lords of the Comitte of Trade and Planta- 
tions. 22 fol. 

, Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, BB, p. 14. 

i Pub. Md. Arch.,, v. 5, pp. 264-269. 

': Abst. 10. Boundaries and positions are well described "in a Late Mapp 

or Chart of this Provynce lately made and prepared by one Augustine 
Herman an inhabitant of the said Provynce and Printed and Publiquely 
sold in London by his Ma.iestyes Licence" to which he refers for greater 
certainty and in order not to give "a Tedious description here." 

"26 March 1678. Answer of the Lord Baltirn'ore to the Queryieis about 
Maryland Reed on the 1st of April, 1678." Signed. 



234 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1678. 

Note. This shows that a good map of Maryland and the Delaware terri- 
tory was known to the Privy Council before the Charter for Pennsylvania 
was granted. Through the influence of Penn it seems to have been 
thrown out during the hearings of 1683-1685 on the ground that it was 
an ex parte map, the Visscher or Dutch map which was less correct 
being used instead. The present location of Cape Henlopen is given on 
Herrman's map, the incorrect location on Visscher's. 
1680. 

June 1. Petition of William Penn to King Charles II asking for grant of 
Letters Patents for a tract of land in America, lying north of 
Maryland, [etc.] 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2 v. 16, p. 346; cf. p. 11. 

Hazard, Annals of Pa., p. 474. 
Note. Original in Board of Trade records, much worn and only partly 
legible, cf. Rept. of Committee, 1681, Feb. 24. 

THE PENN GRANT. 
1680. 
June 14. Minute of Meeting. Committee of Trade and Plantations. [Con- 
sideration of patent of Mr. Penn "Referred by order from the 
Earl of Sunderland"]. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., Col. Entry Book No. 106, p. 173. Unsigned. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 271. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 346-347. 

Penn petitions for Grant of Letters Patents "for a tract of land in America 
lying north of Maryland, on the East bounded with De la Ware River on 
the West limited as Maryland and northward to extend as far as 
plantable." 

Penn satisfied to have northern boundary three degrees to the northwards 
accepts this grant or will wait the King's convenience in repaying 
indebtedness. Copies of this petition ordered to Sir John Werden in 
behalf of his Royal Highness and to Agents of Lord Baltimore that 
"they may report how far the pretensions of Mr. Penn may consist with 
the Boundaries of Maryland or the Duke's Propriety of New Yo:k." 

June 14. Letter. Secretary Blaithwayte to Sir John Werden. 

Ms. (Rough Draft). P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, 4 fol. 
Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 2. Botra No. 7, 
certified 22 Apr. 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., s'er. 2, v. 16, p. 347. 

Abst. Transmits copy of William Penn's petition for charter and asks for 
report if it intrenches upon the Patent of His Royal Highness, the Duke 
of York. 

June 23. Letter. Barnaby Dunch and Richard Burk [Agents of Lord 
Baltimore] to Secretary Blaithwayte. 

Ms. Okig. p. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, 3 fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 3, Botra No. 9, 
certified 22 Apr. 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Houston, Address to Commissioners of Del. Hist. Soc, Del., No. 8, 
1879, p. 68. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2. v. 16, pp. 348-349. 
Hazard, Annals Pa., p. 476. 
Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1. 

Abst. Reporting in behalf of Lord Baltimore on the effect on his interests 
of Mr. Penn's petition for a grant, desiring that it shall lie north of 
"Sasquahanna" Fort and of all Lands in a direct line between the said 
Fort and Delaware River and of a line westward therefrom as far as ye 
Boundary of Maryland. 

June 23. Letter. Sir John Werden to Secretary Blaithwayte. 

Ms. Okig. P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, p. 5. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, I'enn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 2. Botra No. 6, 
certified 22 Apr. 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 235 

1680. 

Pub. Chalmer's Political Annals, v. 1, 2P. 655-656. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 12, v. 16, pp. 347-318. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 475-476. 

Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1. 
Abst. The boun diaries of Mr. Penn's patent seem to agree with the Duke 
of York's colony held as an appendix and part of the government of New 
York by the name of Delaware or Newcastle colony. If this be the case 
presumes committee will not endorse it ; if another parcel of land thinks 
it may be recommended. Argues duke's interest in Delaware "though 
it should not prove to' be strictly within the limits of the duke's patent." 

June 25. Committees of Trade and Plantation. Minutes of Meeting. Con- 
sideration of Petition from William Penn and letters from Lord 
Baltimore's agent and from Sir John Warden. 

Ms. P. R. O.. Colonial Entry Book, No. 106, p. 178. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 272. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 349. 

Abst. From Sir John Werden's letter Penn is told that a part of the 
territory desired by him is already possessed by the Duke of York and 
that he must therefore apply to His Royal Ilighniess to ad.iust their 
respective pretensions. Mr. Penn agrees that Susquehanna Fort shall 
be the bounds of Lord Baltimore's province. 

Oct. 16. Letter. Sir John Werden to Secretary Blaithwayte. 

Ms. Grig. P. R. O., B. T.. Penna.. v. 1. 3 fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 3. Botra No. 10, 
certified 22 Apr. 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 349-350. 
Hazard. Annals Pa., p. 480. 
Pa. Votes of Assembly, 1. 1. 
Abst. Mr. Penn has seen the Duke and His Highness is now willing that 
Mr. Penn may have a grant of land to lie north of Newcastle Colony 
west of the Delaware, beginning about latitude 40° and extending north- 
ward as far as his Majesty pleaseth and under such regulations as their 
lordships think fit. 

Nov. 1. Committee of Trade and Plantation. Minute of Meeting. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Pa. Anch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 349-350. 

Abst. Penn petitions that day be appointed for preparing his grant. 

Nov. 4. Committee of Trade and Plantation. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, No. 106, p. 228. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 272. 

Abst. Ordered that "Mr. attorney General and my Lord Baltimore's 
Agents" have sight of draft of a patent now presented by Mr. Penn. 

Nov. 8. Letter. Secretary Blaithwayte to Attorney-General. 

Ms. Copt. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 5. Botra No. 11, 
eertifled 22 Apr. 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 350. 

Abst. Transmits draft of grant to Penn and requests him to report any 
objection to the powers granted. 

Nov. 8. Letter. Secretary Blaithwayte to Sir John Werden. 

Ms. (Rough Draft). P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1. 3 fol. 

Abst. Encloses draft of grant presented by Penn and asks opinion on It 



Nov. 11. Committee of Trade and Plantation. Minute of Meeting. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 350. 

Abst. Attorney General presents opinion on Penn's grant. 



I 



)36 



SOUKCE MATERIAL 



1680. 

Nov. 18. Letter. Secretary Blaithwayte to Sir John Warden [Duke's 
secretary]. 

Ms. (Rough Draft). P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, 2 fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundarfes," p. 5. Botna No. 12. 
certified 22 April 1743. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 350-351. 

Abst. Formerly sent the petition of Penn for a tract of land adjoining 
New York and presented his answer to the committee of plantations. 
Now sends by their order an extract of so much of patent as concerns 
boundaries in order that he may malse objections in behalf of His Royal 
Higihness if he sees cause. The committee will meet for this business on 
Tuesday next at 4 P. M. 

Nov. 18. Letter. Secretary Blaithwayte to the agents of the Lord Balti- 
more [Barnaby Dunch and Richard Burk]. 

Ms. (Rough Draft). P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, 3 fol. 
Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 4. Botra No. 3 
4 pp. text, 1 p. P., certified 22 April 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 351. 

Abst. Recalls correspondence and gives notice of meeting. 
Nov. 20. Letter. Jo. Werden to Wm. Blaithwayte. 

Ms. Ohio. P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, 4 fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 4. Botra No. 

14, also p. 17, certified 22 April 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 351-352. 

Abst. The Duke's intention being that Mr. Penn's grant be bounded on the 
east by the Delaware river and his south limit 20 or 30 miles beyond 
Newcastle, which is distinct from Maryland, that being under the juris- 
diction of Lord Baltimore and may reach northward he guesses, as far 
as the beginning of the 40th degree of latitude. If Mr. Penn's patent 
is so worded as to lead 20 or 30 miles beyond Newcastle and bounded 
on the east by the Delaware rivei', that is all the caution necessary as 
to the Duke, who will not concern himself how far north or west Mr. 
Penn's patent takes in. 

Nov 23. Letter. Sir John Werden to Secretary Blaithwayte. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, 2 fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 6. Botra No 

15, certified 22 April 1742. 

Md. Hist.. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 352. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 482-483. 
Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1, pp. 269-273. 
Abst. Mr. Penn "having fallen into discourse with him " objects to settling 
his south limit at 20 or 30 miles north of Newcastle, but is willing that 
12 English miles north be his boundary and believes that will fall under 
40° latitude. The Duke of York's only desire Is to keep some convenient 
distance north of Newcastle. 

Dec. 16. Lord Chief Justice North. [Rough draft of statement of Mr. 
Penn's boundaries]. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 7. Botra No. 17. 
certified 22 April, 1742. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Hazard Reg., v. 1, p. 274. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 353. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., p. 486. 

Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1. 
Note. An interlined copy showing changes towards final form. 

Dec. 16. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O., Colonial EntiT Book, No. 106, p. 243. Unsigned. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Arch., V, 5, p. 272. 

Pa. Arch., s*. 2, v. 16, pp. 352-353. 

Abst. After conference with Penn and upon reading Sir John Werden's 
letter it is decided best for a settlement that the latter and Lord Balti- 
more's agent be asked to attend the Saturday following. 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 237 

1680. 

Dec. 16. Attorney-General's report to the committee for trade and foreign 
plantation on Mr. Penn's charter. 

Ms. (Rough Draft). P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1, 5 fol. 
Ms. Copt. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundarleis," p. 7. Botra No. 8, 
4, p. text 2 p. F. Page of copy No. 35, certified 22 April, 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 354. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 483-484, 
Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1. 
Abst. Mr. Penn's petition for a grant does not intrench upon Lord Balti- 
more's province which is bounded . . . northward, by that part of 
Dielaware river that lyeth in the 40th degree of latitude, and so by 
a direct line westward through the continent. Several Dutch and 
Swedish plantations are, perhaps, within the bounds of Penn's patent, 
which have acknowledged the protection of His Royal Highness [the 
Dube of York] who took them from the Dutch upon the conquest of 
New York, or of the Lord Baltimore, near whose borders they are settled. 

Dec. 16. Letter. Secretary Blaithwayte to Lord Baltimore's agent [Mr. 
Burk]. 

Ms. (Rough Draft). P. R. O., B. T., v. 1, 3 fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 6. Botra No. 16. 
certified 22 April, 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, p. 243. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 353. 

Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 272. 
Abst. Summons to appear before the committee on the 18th inst. to hear 
the exceptions of the Lord Baltimore against the draft of Mr. Penn's 
patent, at which time the lordships will proceed to discuss with him 
[Mr. Burk] about Penn's patent; desires him to attend on Saturday, the 
18th inst., at 4 P. M. 

Dec. 16? Letter. [William Penn?] to Mr, Lewen, New York. 

Ms. Oeig. Brit. Mus., Egerton MSS., 2395, ff. 593, 594. 

Cf. Andrews, Colonial self-government, p. 172. 
Abst. Sir John Werden and Baltimore's agent attended Lord Chief Justice 
North and acquiesced in the bounds "as they stand now described." 
1680/1. 
Jan. 15. Committee of Trade and Plantation. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Grig. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, No. 106, p. 248. Unsigned. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 272. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 354-355. 

Abst. "The boundaries of Mr. Penn's patent settled by my Lord Chief 
Justice North with the Alterations of Sir John Werden are read and 
approved." Wednesday next appointed "to review the whole patent." 

Jan. 22. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, No. 106, p. 249. Unsigned. 
Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 272. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 355. 
Hazard, Annals Pa., p. 486. 
Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1. 
Abst. Chief Justice North asked to take Penn's patent into consideration 
and to provide fit clauses for all acts of sovereignty. A request of Lord 
Bishop of London who would oblige Mr. Penn to admit a chapIin of his 
lordships appointment. Also referred to Chief Justice North. 

Feb. 24. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Okig. p. R. O., B. T., Penna., N. J. & Carolina Papers, v. 1, "at ye 

beginning of ye Book." 
Ms. Copt. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 7. Botra No. 19, 
certified 22 April, 1742. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, p. 189. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 355. 
Hazard, Annals of Pa., pp. 487-488. 
Abst. Report draft of Penn's charter leaving name to be suggested by 
King. 



238 



SOURCE MATERIAL 



1680/1. Map. A Mapp of ye improved part of Pensilvania, Surveyed by 
Tho. Holme. Lond., Geo. Welldey [1681?]. 21x19 in. 

Cf. Phillips, Maps of America. 

Note. Shows Newcastle Co. on Delaware but no separation from Pa. 

Mar. 4. Charter. Charles II to William Penn. 

Ms. Orig. 4 sheets parchment, 28 by 22 in., Sec'y of State office, Harrls- 

burg. 
Ms. Copy. P. R. O., B. T., Penna., v. 1. 
Pdb. Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1, p. 18. 

Duke of York's Book of I^aws. 

Charters of Pa., E^ranklin. 1740 ed., Brinley, Nos. 3010, 3011. 

Charters of Pa., Franklin, 1742 ed., "Thos. Penn's own copy with his 
autograph," cf. Alien, Amer. Curwan, p. 39, Brinley, 3012, 3013. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, apx. ; v. 16, pp. 11, 12, 356-358 ; ser. 4, v. 1, 
pp. 3-18. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 488-499. 

Hazard, Reg., v. 1, p. 293. 

Charters and Const. U. S., pp. 1509-1510. 

Charters of Pa., cf. Sabin, Nos. 59, 969. 

Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, v. 2, pp. 370-386. 

Jenkins, Pa., v. 1, pp. 124, 223-234 

Macdonald, Select Charters, pp. 183-190. 

Jefferson, Notes Va., Richmond, 1853, p. 205. 

Preston, Docs, illus. Amer. Hist., pp. 130-145. 

Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 171-187. 

Pastorius, Pa. (German text), repr. Crufeld, 1884, pp. 7-12. 

Amer. Hist, leaflets. No. 16, pp. 17-18. 
Discussions. 

Clayton, Substance of Argument, Pea Patch Case, Phila., 1848. 

Chambers, Pa., p. 635. 

Bancroft, United States, cent, ed., v. 2, p. 107. 

Bryant and Gay, United States, v. 2, p. 487. 

Hildreth, United States, v. 2, p. 63. 

Shepard, Hist. Propr. Gov't. 

See also annotations of Secondary Material. 

Mar. 5. Letter. William Penn to Robert Turner. 

, Pub. Hazards, Annals Pa., p. 500. 

Pa. Hist. Mem., v. 1, pp. 208-209. 

Abst. Announces passing of grant and tells of the origin of its name. 
1681. 
April 2. Letter. Charles II to the Lord Baltimore about Mr. Penn. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, No. 52, p. 83. 
Pub. Allen, Cat. of Penn Papers, No. 13, p. 111. 

Pa. Mag. Biog. & Hist., v. 6, pp. 414, 415, footnote 2. 

Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 273, 274. 

Hazard, Annals, p. 505, cf. Chalmer's Annals, p. 657. 

McMahon, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 27. 

Smith, Hist. Del. Co., p. 129. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 426. 

Abst. Announces granting of Penn's Charter giving terms of boundary 
and asks Baltimore to assist in establishing boundaries. 

Note. This very important letter Penn secured apparently to his own 
interest, but upon finding the true location of degree 40 tried to retire 
it while Baltimore was then as eager to carry out its provisions. It is 
constantly brought forward by the latter in correspondence with Penn, 
which see. 

April 2. Broadside. Declaration of Charles II regarding Pennsylvania 
Grant. London. Printed by the assigns of John Bill, etc., 1681 
Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS. No. 14544. 

Pub. Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, p. 189. 
Hazard, Annals Pa., p. 502. 
Pa. Votes of Assembly, v. 1, p. 24. 



EESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



239 



1681. 
April 10. 



Commission. William Penn to William Markham. 

Ms. Mass. Sec'y State Off., Colonial Papers, v. 2, p. 473. 
Pub. Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 503-504. 

Abst. Appointing Markham Deputy-Governor with power to settle bounds 
with his neighbors. 



April 10. Letter. Wm. Penn to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. P. R. O., B. T., Md., V. 1, 4 fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1069. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, p. 471. 

Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, pp. 463, 464. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub.. No. 28, pp. 322, 323. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., p. 505. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 426. 
Abst. Introducing his cousin and deputy William Markham, asks that all 
the despatch possible be used in determining the "just limits" of the 
boundary. 



May 1. Letter. Sir John Werden to Governor Andros. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., New York, v. 151, p. 35, 
Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 286-287. 

Abst. Refers to questions arising from Penn's patent, urges actions ba 
according to original grants. 

May 12. Letter. Sir John Werden to Governor Andros. 

Ms. P. R. O.. N. Y., V. 151, p. 35. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 386-387. 

Abst. Ordering notice to officers of Penn's grant and thinks those in 
actual possession should not be disturbed 

June 21. Letter. Governor Brockholls, New York, to Magistrates within 
limits of new grant. 

Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc, Mem., v. 7, p. 195. 
Armour, Lives of Governors, p. 66. 
Abst. Advises that the King's patent to Penn shown him by Markham had 
been entered on the official records. 

June 30. Letter. Wm. Penn to Sir John Werden. 
Cf. following. 

July 16. Letter. Sir John Werden to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. p. R O., "N. Y. Ent., 355, 356." (Chalmers.) 

Cf. Clialmer's Polit. Annals, v. 1, p. 660. 
Abst. Says Duke is not disposed to grant lands about Newcastle. 



July 26. Letter. James Claypole to ? 



Sept. 9. 



Ms. Claypole letterbook. Library, J. Parker Foulke. 

Pub. Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 520-521. 

Abst. Would wait before buying land of Penn to see that "he was not 
interrupted by Baltimore in taking possession, for this Baltimore is a 
great governor in Maryland that borders on Pensilvania." 

Letter. Governor Brockholls, New York, to Mr. Justice Whitwell 
and John Hilyard at Jones'. 

Ms. Copt. Pa. Land Off., Harrisburg. Exp. from N. Y. records. 

Pub. Hazard, Annals Pa., p. 524. 

Abst. On proposed invasion by Lord Baltimore. 



240 SODECE MATERIAL 

1681. 

Sept. 16. Letter. Wm. Penn to James Frisby et ah 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, B. T., D. 44. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. lf)70. 

Pa. Land Off., Harrisburg. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, p. 285. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. .38-.3n. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub., No. 28, pp. 323-325. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., p. 525. 

Abst. Addresses them as men of reputation in their part of the province 
which he thinlcs falls within his patent and promises easy and just 
government, hut cautions them to pay no more taxes or "assessments by 
any order or Law of Maryland" and promises them next spring some 
testimony of his endeavors to contribute to their happiness. 

Subscribed "Your Reall friend." Postcript : "Pray salute me to aU 
your Neighbors." 

Note. This is the letter, of. Bait. Narr. of the Wbole Proceedings, the 
sending of which Lord Baltimore objected to as being discourteous. 

Sept. 25. Letter. Wm. Markham to Lord Baltimore. 

Cf. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 427, also 11 July, 1682. 
Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co., p. 15. 

Abst. Asks ten days' postponement of next meeting. 

Note. On Markham who was a relative of Penn, cf. Proud, Hist. Pa., v 1. 
p. 236. 
Hist, of Markham family, Lond., 1854, Keith, Provin. Councilors 
Pa., D. 1. 

Sept. 30. Letter. Wm. Markham to Commissioners. 
Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc, Memoirs, v. 2, p. 213. 

Oct. 5. Letter. Wm. Markiiam to Lord Baltimore. 

Pub. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 427. 

Abst. Says that he cannot meet Commissioners at the time appointed. 

Not received before Commissioners started. 
See also 12 June, 1682, and 11 July, 1682. 

Oct. 10. Letter. Lord Baltimore to Wm. Markham. 
Cf. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 427. 

Oct. \0. Letter. Wm. Penn to Wm. Markham. 

Cf. Westcott's Phila., ch. 22. (T'a. Hist. Soc.) 

Dec. 27. Letter. Ephraim Herman, Newcastle, to Capt. Brockholls. 
Ms. Oeig. N. Y. Sec'y State Office, Eng. MSS., v. 21, p. 145. 
Abst Notes arrival of Gov. Markham and immigrants for Pennsylvania. 
Makes application to lay out the 12 miles above Newcastle. Reports 
that Delaware has been granted to Penn. 
1681/2. 

Feb. 5. Letter. Governor Brockholls, New York, to E. Herman. 
Pub. Hazard, Annals of Pa., p. 538 (extract). 

Abst. Not for Magistrates to lay out 12 mile circle but if desirable he 
will "appoint as may be most proper." 

Feb. 5. Letter. William Penn to Lord Hyde [later Earl of Rochester]. 

PUB. Pa. Hist. Soc, Mem., v. 1, p. 173. 

Abst. Duke of York has proposed "a natural boundary for the tract of 
land he so often pleased to promise a patent for." Urges quickening Sir 
J. Werden who can hardly understand the Duke's commands A draft of 
the bounds is in his agent's hands. Has laid out manors for the Duke 
and will send furs for hats and muffs for King, Duke and Lord Hyde 



KESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 241 

1681/2. 

Mar. 11. Letter. Charles Lord Baltimore to Wm. Blaithwait. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers, B. T., Md. v. B. B., p. 43. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 348-3.51. 

Abst. Complains of Penn's letter to Marylanders. Says he has been ready 
to run line but could not on account of Markham's illness. 

Mar. 17. Letter. Wm. Markham to Charles Lord Baltimore. 

PCB. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 427. 
1682. 
Mar. 26. Letter. Charles Lord Baltimore to Secretary Blaithwait. 

Ms. P. R. O., Colonial Papers. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 351. 

Abst. Says Penn had been misinformed as to the limits of Maryland. 

May 14. Letter. Charles Lord Baltimore to Wm. Markham. 

Cf. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 428. 

Abst. Announces closing of Assembly and plan to meet Markham. 

May 20. Commissions by Charles, Lord Baltimore to John Darnall et al. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Proc, Lib. R, p. 325. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp.' 104, 105. 

Abst. Appoints John Darnall, Clement Hill Alexander Dennett and Robert 
Jones to join with those empowered by Penn to take the true distance 
and to mark it when found with "such sufficient dirable marks" as to 
prevent future disputes and to certify to the Council at St. Maries by the 
last day of June next ensuing. Unsigned. 

May 20. Instructions to John Darnall et al. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Proc. Liber B, pp. 325-327. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 105-107. 

Abst. 1. To set sail at first opportunity to Mr. Augustin Herman's house 
in Bohemia river to meet Captain Markham or other commissioners 
for Pennsylvania. If they are not there notice of arrival to be sent to 
Penns.vlvanla. 

2. Exchange of credentials. 

3. Pennsylvania commissioners expected, are themselves to lay out 
and mark the line with their instruments and "with such of your own 
as you shall take with you from hence." 

4. To pacify Baltemore and Cecil counties. Government of Penn- 
sylvania is to be urged to "come and lay out the line." 

5. Sheriffs of Cecil and Baltemore counties to be requisitioned for 
transportation and other necessaries. 

6. Agreement reached to be certified and entered upon record within 
this Province. 

7. First observation to be made on the "Easternmost side of Susque- 
hannah River at the Northennost part of Palmer's Island." 

8. If duplicates of Pennsylvania credentials are lacking, copy of them 
to be made, sealed and recorded. 

Signed by ordr of the Rt honble the Lord Propry. Philip Calvert. 

IJay 26. Letter. Wm. Markham to Lord Baltimore. 

Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 428. (Mentioned only.) 
Note. It was on this date that Markham obtained use of Col. Lewis Mor- 
ris' instruments. 

June 1. Requisition on Sheriff of Cecil Co. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Proc, Lib. R, p. 328. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 107, 108. 

Abst. Recites Commission under great seal dated 23 May last, appointing 
Messrs. Darnall, Hill, Dennett and Jones to lay out the boundary line 
with Pennsylvania, and orders their requests for transportation, pro- 
visions and other necessaries speedily granted, at charge of Proprietor. 

"Idem verbatim issued the same day to the Sheriff of Baltemore 
county or his Deputy." Unsigned. 



242 



SOUKCE MATERIAL 



1682. 
June 1. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Wm. Markham. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proc, Lib. R, p. 328. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, p. 108. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 6, p. 29. 
Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 428. 
Abst. Unable to be present personally at the meeting at the head of the 
Bay, but not to delay ascertaining the line, has appointed Messs. 
Damall, Hill, Dennett and Jones to dispatch the business. Public affairs 
prevented him being present as a spectator according to appointment. 
Subscribed "Sr your affectionate Servtt." 

June 5. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Governor Markham. 

Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1071. 

Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub., No. 28, pp. 330, 331. 

Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 471-472. 
Abst. Has received his of 26 ult. Urges haste in settling bounds. Has 
already dispatched gentlem'en to meet at time appointed and is unwilling 
to postpone ascertaining the bounds with Mr. Penn because the King 
and Mr. Penn greatly desire it and because he is himself much dis- 
pleased that Mr. Penn has hinted to Augustiu Herman and others in 
Maryland that they would come within Penn's government. Requests 
him to sand at once qualified persons to meet his commissioners already 
on their way. 

Endorsed. "His Lordsps letter to Mai-kham of the 5 June, 1682." 
Markham refers to this as 1 June. 

June 10. Letter. Commissioners of Maryland to Wm. Markham. 

Pub. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 429. 
Cf. Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co., p. 16. 

June 17. Report. Commissioners of Maryland to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Extract. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 2. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 369, 370. 

Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 419, footnote. 
Abst. In three observations have not differed two minutes. Find Augustln 

Herman's house li(*s at 39° 45". The 15" remaining will go not far 

short of Upland. 
Note. Ashmead in his Hist. Del. Co., p. 16, states the commissioners met 

at Herman's plantation and that while waiting for Markham made the 

above observations. 

Commissions to Wm. Curpin, Wm. Haige, et al. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. State Papers. Harrisburg. 
Pub. Hazard's Ann. Pa., p. 637. 

Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 417. 

July 7. Letter. Gov. Markham to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 
Cf. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 428. 
Abst. Excusing failure to meet Commissioners. 

July 11. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Gov. Wm. Markham 

Cf. Markham. To answer my Lord Baltimore's letter to me of the 11 Julv 
16^2. "" 

Aug. 14. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Gov. Markham. 
Pub. Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 429. 
Abst. Says Commissioners are to come up and that he will come himself. 

Aug. 19. Letter. King Charles II to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O.. Colonial Entry Book, v. 52, pp. 84, 88-89. 

Pub. Md Arch., v. 5, pp. 371, 372. 

Abst. Requires that with all possible speed Lord Baltimore on receipt of 
this determine the Northern bounds by an admeasurement of two degrees 
"according to the usual! computation of sixty English miles to a degree 
beginning from the South bounds of Maryland." 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 243 

1682. 

Note. The King's commands of this date and 2 April, 1681, were the basis 
of the conference at Colonei Tailler's house 13 Dec, 1682, between Penn 
and Baltimore. They were sometimes urged by Penn and sometimes 
waived. 

Aug. 21. Indenture of release between James, Duke of York and Williaro 
Penn for Pennsylvania. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Owned by Mr. Rogers, of Newcastle, Del. 

Newcastle Roll. OfC., Liber — , p. 408, 409, 16 Mar., 1724. 

Pa. Phil. Rolls Off., patent & Book A, v. 11, pp. 118-120, 28 : 8, 170L 
Pub.* Jeff., Va., Richmond, 1853, p. 206. 

Hazard, Reg. 11, 27 (July, 1828), p. 586. 

Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 586-587. 

Pa. House Rep. & Votes Proc, 1754, f. v. 3, p. 590. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 52-54. See footnote. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 363-364. 

Proud, Hist. Pa., y. 1, pp. 200-201. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 12-13. 

Aug. 24. Deed. James, Duke of York, to William Penn of Newcastle and 12 
miles circle. 

Ms. Copy. N. Y. Rec. 

P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 5, fol. 72, 14 fol.t 

Pa. Roll Off., Phila. Pat. Book A, No. II, pp. 118-120. Made 28 
Mar., 1701. 

Newcastle Rec. Off. Made 16 Mar., 1724. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 148. Made 17 Oct., 1735. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 149. Made 20 Oct., 1735. 
Pub.* Laws Newcastle, Kent & Sussex, 1752. p. 3. 

Laws Delaware, 1700-1797, v. 1, app. 1. 

Hazard's Beg., v. 1, p. 375 : v. 2, p. 27. 

Hazard's Annals, pp. 588-590. 

Jeff., Va., Richmond, 1853, p. 206. 

Poore Fed. & States Const. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 52-53 ; ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 13-14 ; 364-365. 

Del. Register, v. 1, ch. 5, pp. 245-247. 

Aug. 24. Deed. James, Duke of York, to William Penn, 12 miles south of 
Newcastle to Cape Henlopen. 

Ms. Copy. N. Y. Rec Secy. State, Liber E, fol. 38. Made 21 Nov., 1682. 

P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 5, fol. 71, 15 fol.f 

Newcastle, Recorder of Deeds Off. Made 16 March, 1724. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 148. Made 17 Oct., 1735. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 149. Made 20 Oct., 1735. 
Pub.* Laws Newcastle, Kent & Sussex, 1752, p. 5. 

Laws Delaware, 1700-1797, v. 1, app. 4. 

Pa. Votes & Proc, Repr. XXX, f. v. 3, p. 590. 

Hazard, Reg., v. 1, pp. 429-430. 

Hazard, Annals, pp. 590-593. 

Jeff., Va., 1853, p. 206. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 14, pp. 366-367. 

Del. Reg., v. 1, pp. 247-249. 
Note. The title conveyed by these deeds is the crux of the entire con- 
troversy regarding the Ma -yland-Delaware line. The Baltimores claimed 
that James had no title to convey beyond that received from his grant 
to the east side of the Delaware. The Penns claimed he conveyed title 
arising from his capture of the Dutch who had settled on territory 
claimed by Baltimore. See Pea Patch Id. Case, Sen. Exec. Doc, 30th 
Cong., 1st sess., No. 21. 

Sept. 8. Letter. Governor Wm. Markham to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 377. 
Sept. 19. Letter. Lord Baltimore to [Markham?]. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 377. 



*No attempt has been made to make these entries complete, 
t "Presented to the Board of Trade by Mr. Edw. Randolph with his 
memorial, 19th Feb., 1700/1." 



244 souiKno matekjal 

1682. 

Sept. 25. Letter. William Markham to Charles, Lord Baltimore. [Endorsed] 
Mr. Markliam's reasons for not laying out the bounds of Pen- 
silvania with the Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Coi'Y. [Attested.] P. R. O., Colonial Papers, B. T., Md. v. 1, B. C. 
p. 29. 

I'un. Md. AieJi., v. 5, pp. 372, 375; Pa. Mag. Hist. & Blog., v. 0, p. 432. 
llct. In Bwlt. Nan-., 8 Feb., 1US3, Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 378. 

AnsT. Docs not concur in laying out bounds because he received by the 
IVnn patent "all that part of the river Delaware beginning twelve miles 
above New Castle Towne and soe upwards from the Government of New 
York" and Is so accountable only to Ills Majesty or Ills Royal Highness 
for any part of Pennsylvania laying on Delaware River. But Is willing 
to wait on Baltimore for laying out the bounds "towards Chesapeake Bay 
and the rivers on that side." Dated 29 Sept. In Maikhnra's answer. 
Pa. Mag. Hist. & Blog., v. 6, p. 432. 

Sept. 26. Notes on conference between Charles, Lord Baltimore and Dept. 
Governor Wm. Markham held at Upland, 25-26, Sept. 1682. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., B. T.. Maryland, v. 1, B. C, p. 28 
Pub. Pa. Mng. Hist. & Blog., v. 6, pp. 429-434. 

Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 430-433. 
Also under date March 17, 1684/5. 

Sept. 29. Letter. William Markham to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., Colonial Papers. Attested 17 Mar., 1GS4/5. 
PCB. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 435. 

Pa. Mag. Hist. & Blog., v. 6, p. 432. 
Akst. Ready to attend says he cannot come on account of the Impression 

left by the remarks of Lord Baltimore and puts the blame on Lord 

Baltlmoiie. 

Sept. 29. Letter. Governor Markham to Lord Baltimore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 39. 

Note. Either a second letter sent the same day or the original of the one 
attested March 17, 1GS4/5. The texts are quite different. 

Sept. 30. Commission. James Duke of York to Col. Thomas Dongan. 

Ms. P. R. O., N. Y., 151, p. 39. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 328-329. 

Abst. Territory described Is to the East side of Delawaw Bay. 

Oct. 10. Letter. Governor Thomas Dongan, New York, to William Penn. 

Pub. I'a. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 76. 

Abst. Has iH>celved his enclosed paiper of news and has perused the King's 
letter, as also Colonel Talbot's convmlsslon. In the patent In his posses- 
sion there Is no nnontion made of the east side of the Delaware river and 
bay. Possession sliould be retained of the Duke's Interest until the 
Duke can be acquainted with the matter. 

Oct. 27-28. Record of ceremony taking possession of Delaware by William 
Penn. 

Ms. Newcastle Records, No. 11, foi. 92-93. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 368. 
Hazard, Annals Pa., pp. 596-598. 

Nov. 7. Certificate of witnesses to delivery of possession. 

Ms. Coi'v. llarrlsburg, Newcastle Records, Patent-book A, No. 2, pp. 120- 

121. 
Fob. Hazard, Annals, pp. 602-603. 

Abst. Evidence that Moll and Herman, representatives of New York, had 
delivered Delaware to William Penn. 

Nov. 21. Report of John^Moll on delivery of Delaware to William Penn. 

Ms. Copy. Newcastle, Recorder's Office, Rec. B, pp. 407-412 
Pub. Hazard, Annals, pp. 606-607. 



BIfiSUBVIflY OF MAHOIN-DIXOIN MINI!) 345 

1682. 
Nov. 21. ixir-l.triiUofi. (lovanior BrockhollB to ]ua)1c«a of Thrfi« T.iOwer 
Counties, 

Ms, Copx, Hn.rrlB)ju)'g, NewfHHtlu Ueeorde, rfidni i.ooi' a, ijo •.', i(i». IIV- 

118, 
Pub, Hazard, Annals, pp, flOfi flOfl (In parij 
Abbt, Reelles t'enn's deeds and appolntMicjil; of Moll aiifl ."lei-raaii «8 

attorneys to dellvei- poswesslon and dfrecis olM'dlence to I'enn, 

Nov. 21. Order of Coniinaiide)' MrocUliollH and Conncii, ackiiowledBiiig the 
grant of Uelawii/te to William I'eiin, and aiitliorl/iiig .Joljii Moll 
and rflybralm Hermans to siwj'eiidei' l,)ii', terrltoiy to liim oi- iiia 
agents. 
Pub, Hoc. reJ, CoIohImI I list, N, Y„ v, U, p, 600. 

Nov. 28. liCtter, William I'enn to Governor Markham, 

I'ljB, Weatc'ott, JIlBl:. J'a, N'lillii, Kmidiiy UlHpateli, I'a, U)«t. Hoe,) 
Abst, Claims i-lver Delaware as bis own, 

Dec. 6, An Act of Union for .annexing and uniting of the counties of New- 
castle, .lone,4 juid WhorclilllH, ;i,lii<,H Newd.'iJe, to the jnovJnce of 
Pennsylvania, ajid of /lutuiali/atlon of all foceignej'a i/i iIki said 
province and conntles annexed, 

Pi;ii, J,(iws of Del., 1700-1 707, V, J, app. « 
Voles & Itint. P(i„ V. I, 

i'/i/o(i, I list, Ptt„ V, 1, p, 208, 
Jlazard'B Annals, pp, Qll-tilSi. 
Del, lU'H, V, I, pp, 2ii)-Ur,l, 

Grants of Land on or near Delaware, 

Ms, Cop^, Md, Hist, 8oe,, Calvert Papers, No, liUi, Uudn alKmt 1750, 
ABS'i?, For contents see Md, Hist, Hoc, l/'urwj Pub,, No, 28, p. 0S. 

Dec. 12. Letter, WiHiani Penn to Charles, Ivord Baltimore, 

Of. Clarkson, Mem. WHlliun Penn, pp. UH, 1.40, W/, 

Dec, 1.3, Conference held between the right Honortt(>l« the Lord Baltimore 
Proprietor of Maryland and William Pen Ks'jre, Proprietary of 

Pen.silviuiia uA, the hoii,sc of Colonel Tho/nas Titiller *ni the ridge 
in An Arnindell County W'idnesdiiy the llith of i)<"")n\ii^i- l<iH2. 
40 fol. 

Ms. Oui'i. P. a. O., Coionlxl J'n.pcjK, «, T, Md„ V. I, li, <J., ii. .s. 
Ms, Copy. ,Md. Hist. «<*'■., Owlvert Papers, No, 2',i^. 
Pi/H, Md. A IT')),, V. 5, pp. ;i^^ ,'iOO, 
•fanney, lAfu i,t I'' no, p. 'J,\'l, 
(It. H;ill, l.ojds J5iiJlloKjr<', p, 116, 
Abst. a h/u/rUu/'iifl iic<oo()l. whfcli was endorsed )/y die Matyldod Coimcll, 
Penn p/odiji-'eti LJje /<l)ig's leUecs of Apr. i! i!;; 10 and JJaltJoiore replies, 
An aecounl. of (lie ijiyiu/jijil, of l*otli sides ae<;epted )jy JJalllojore and fo. 
IJre niost puil l^y J'<-o;j. Hee I'/, Mar. KW^ /',i. 

Dec, 16, Letter. Willi.-juj Penn to P, Ford. 

Pub, Pa, Mug. Hist, &, IMog,, v. 6, p, 1«0, 

Abst, Gives an u'rcooot of J'enn's rnovements before and afler the 
'•onferen<;e. 

Dec. '.',1. Commission, WllD.-x/n Penn to Wlll);i,/u Crl;ii>in, '//;// SI llalge, 
John Bozer and Nathaniel Atten, 

Ma, 0b(«. Pa. Rtate Hepf, Parehnient very nuK-li woo/ 
Pub, Hazard's Annais Pa., p. fl.'JO. 

J'a, Mag. Hist, tiiifi tiUiH; v. 6, p. 417. 
Abst. Hbows that Penn exercised Jiirlsdlotl<y>i over (he lands In dispute. 



246 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1682/3. 
Jan. 24. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to William Perm. 

Ct. 22 Mar. 1682/3. Letter of William Penn to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 
Note. Transmits copy of narrative of their conference of Dec. 13? 

Feb. 8. [Memo, concerniug Maryland.] 

Ms. P. R. O., Colonial Papers. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 344. * 

Abst. Short ex parte resume of history of grants. 

Feb. 8. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Lord Marquis of Halifax. 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers. B. T., Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 6. 
, Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 391-392. 

Abst. Sends report of a late Conference with Mr. Wm. Penn about the 
boundaries and begs for protection of rights "granted by his Charter. 
His colony pays fifty thousand pounds annually in tobacco with no 
lexppnse to home government. His colony one of the most remunerative 
of any of his Maties. Endorsed. Read at the Comtee 17, Apr. '83. 

Feb. 9. Letter. William Penn to Marquis of Halifax. 

Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., vi, pp. 446-449. 

Abst. Discussions with Baltimore about bounds. Latter's superabund- 
ance of water. Penn has led the greatest colony into America. Balti- 
more should remember his province was cut out of Virginia and not for 
repayment of a debt but for mere grace. 

Mar. 2. Report of observation at Palmer's Island by James Conoway, 
Alexa. Dennett, Robert Jones. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, B. T. Md., v. 1, B. B., p. 7. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 394. 

Abst. Find latitude of Palmer's Island [later Watson's, now Garrett 
Island] "Situate in the mouth of Susquehanoe River" observed 28 Feb. 
last with "Sextant of about tenn foote Semi-diamiter and (to the best 
of our Art and skill) to lie at 39° 44". Signed by all. "True copy C. 
Baltimore. R. 11, May '83." 

Note. On Penn's requieist this record was produced at the second confer- 
ence with Baltimore at Newcastle 29, May 1683. See "Sume and Sub- 
stance" report of Conference by Baltimore sent to Blathwaite Clerk of 
Privy Council Com. of Trade and Foreign Plantations, 11 June, 1683. 
Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 399. 

Mar. 12. Letter. William Penn to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1072. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, p. 472-473. 

Md. Hist. Soc. Fund Pub. No. 28, pp. 325-326. 
Abst. Gaye no credence to report that Lord Baltimore was with Captain 
Comray at Captain Wards taking an observation, also up the Susque- 
hanagh River, thinking that word of bis near approach would have been 
sent him. Hopes that by €nd of month he may attend Lord Baltimore. 
Is desirous of yielding to him "in all points not essentially distructivt; 
to my right, land the great and costly merits of my Cause." [Post- 
script.] "The Narrative inclosed to me had its defects wch our 2d 
interview may help." 

Subscribed "Thy very Loving Neighbor & True Frd. Wm. Penn." 
Indorsed: 12 Mar. 1682 [-3] Ite to me from Mr. Penn being in 
[answer] to the Ld Baltemores of the 24 of Jan. 1682 [-3]. 

Mar. 19. Commission. Charles, Lord Baltimore, to George Talbot. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Proc, Liber R. R. R., pp. 75-76. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 235-236. 

Abst. Is ordered to repare to the Governor of Pen-Sylvania to demand 
the delivery of all the Land upon the West side of Delaware River and 
Bay, and the Seaboard side to the Southward of the ffourtieth Degree 
of Northerly Datitude. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 247 

1682/3. 

Mar. 19. Several commissions and instructions granted by Lord Baltimore 
to Colonel George Talbott, all bearing date 19 Mar. 1683. 

1. To lay out 200 iacres in two manors in Cecil County, each called 
Baltemore Manner lying between Elk River and North East (als Shermor) 
River and to open the rest for settlement. 

2. To dispose of lands in New Ireland and parts adjoining, to the River 
and Bay of Delaware on the west side thereof, and southwards of the 40th 
degree. 

3. To huild "a small but strong house close by Christine bridge in New 
Castle County" with a palisade fort around it and to hire three soldiers 
at double pay for six months to defend it. 

4. Making him Commissioner for Lands in the counties of Baltemore 
and Cecil as by other commission of this date he is Commisioner for New 
Ireland, Delaware and the Whore Kills. 

Ms. Md. Council Proc, Liber RRR., pp. 60-63. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 230-234. 

Mar. 22. Grant of Delaware territory. King Charles II to James, Duke of 
York and Albany. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers. 

N. Y. State Rec. 
Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Charters & Frame of Govt. 1683- 

1696., 8 pp. Ms. signed by R. Sawyers 13 Apr. 1683. Attest. 

7 A»ro. 1717. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 378-379, cf. p. 17. 

Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 426-427. 

Abst. Granted by Charles II seven months after deeds of release had 
passed from James to Wm. Penn. Thie various extracts seem to vary 
somewhat. 
Note. Two distinct abstracts are given. The first is distinguished by the 
phrase "and backwards into the Woods three Indian day's loumies or 30 
dutch miles being formerly the possession purchase or right of the Dutch 
or purchased by them of the natives." The second has the clause "all 
that Tract of land and water lying from between the Boundaries afore- 
said or Westward thereof which was formenly the Claimie or Possession 
of the States Generall of the United Provinces or any of their Subjects." 
This extract is followed in Md. Arch, by a memorandum, apparently, from 
Secretary Blathwayt in which he states that "the annexed is the 
Boundaryes of His Royal Highness Patent" and that the Counsel who 
"drew it for the Duke is without attending to your Lops pleasure." 
1683. 
April 13. Report from Sir R. Sawyer to the King regarding grant of New- 
castle & River of Delaware to Duke of York on surrender of 
his former grant. 

Ws. Oeig. P. R. O., B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 48. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 392-393. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 390-391. 

Abst. Upon surrender of letters patents of Mar. 22, 1682/3 His Majesty 
is to grant Newcastle, town and fort ; the river Delaware with all soil 
and islands, "and all that tract of Land upon the West side of the River 
and Bay of Delaware which lyeth from Skookill Creek upon the said 
River unto Bombays Hook and backward into the woods so far as the 
Menquai Country," "and from Bombey's Hook on the said River and Bay 
unto Cape Honlopon now called Cape James being the South point of 
Asia Warmer [Assawomett] Inlet and backwards into the woods three 
Indians days Journey." 

April 17. Committee Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting, Tuesday. 

Ms. Oeig.? P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, p. 138. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Caivert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 393-394. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 392-393. 

Abst. Baltimore's letter of 8 Feb. 1682/3 with enclosure of "Conference" 
and "Narrative" together with Allegations in regard to Penn's letter 16 
Sept. 1681 to James Frisby considered ; whereupon the Lord Keeper is 
directed to "have a view of the several Boundarys of the Patents 
granted to the Lord Baltemore and Mr. Penn, as also his Royal Highness 
of Newcastle" upon which his Lordship is ordered to report at the nexi 
committee meeting when agents of B^altimore and Penn are to Attend. 
His Royal Highness is asked not to make further conveyance to Mr. Penn 
until the bounds with Baltimore are settled. 



248 



SOURCE MATERIAL, 



1683. 
April 23. Letter. William Penn to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Referred to In Baltimore's "Sume and Substance," 31 May, 1683. 

Abst. Asks for a meeting at some place In the near part of Maryland. 

April 27. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Tub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 304. 

Pa. Arch., seir. 2, v. 16, p. 393. 

Abst. Baltimore's agent [attending without] directed to present any 
complaint by petition. 

May 15. Proclamation of Charles, Lord Baltimore for letting out lands. 

Ms. p. R. o.. Colonial Papers. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. .5, pp. 304-395. 

Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 265-266. 
Note. The issuance of this proclamation is regarded as a breach of faith 

by Wm. Penn. Lord Bnltimore's vindication is found in P. R. O., B. T. 

Maryland, v. 1, B. C, p. 9. 

May 23. Letter. Lord Baltimore to William Penn. 23 May, 1683. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, p. 3. 

Cf. Allen, Catalogue of Penn Papers, 1870, No. 10b. 
Abst. Expects to be at head of Elk River agreeably to his letter of 28 ult. 

Sends this by John Darnal as a personal visit was not desired by Penn 

until "we have a privat conference." 

May 30. Petition. Richard Burk to King. Cf. report of meeting. 

Note. This territory had already been granted to the Duke on the 
22 Mar. preceding but this petition stopped "a further and more bene- 
ficial grant." Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 18. 

May 30. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting, 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, p. 154. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 390. 

l>a. Arch., ser. 2, v. 10, pp. 393-394. 

Abst. Richard Burk as Baltimore's representative petitions that new grant 
to His Royal Highness of parts adjacent to Delaware river may not 
pass the great seal until His Majesty shall be satisfied as to the extent 
of lands granted Baltemore. The question is as to whether the Dutch 
and Swedes, Christians, inhabited the territory before Baltimore's 
grant. 

May 30. Letter. Wm. Penn to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Cory. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papiers, No. 1073. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 473-474. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 28, p. 327. 

Abst. Determined to go to England by the first "Conveniency" if his 
former proposals are not accepted, or if any of the Lower Countys are 
claimed. 

May 31. The Sume and Sub,stance of what was agreed and spoken by 
Charles, Lord Baltimore and William Penn Esqr. at theire 
Private Conference at New Castle on Delaware River, Tuesday 
the 29th of May 1683. Signed by Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers. B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 21. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 237. 
Pub. Md. Arch., t. 5, pp. 397-400. 

Va. BGunda^ Coram.. App. C, pp. 91-93. 

See also under Mar. 17, 1684/5. 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



249 



1683. 
May 31. Order. King in Council. "At the Court of Hampton Court." 

Ms. Oeig. I'. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, v. 52, p. 105. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 396. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 394. 

Abst. Petition of Richard Burlt that grant of Delaware to Dulce of York 
may not pass the Great Seal was ordered to "the Lords Committee of this 
Board for Trade and Forrclgn Plantations" for report. 

June 6. Letter. William Penn to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. OiUG. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Paper®, No. 1074. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Puh. No. 28, p. 329. 

Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 474-475. 
Abst. Thinks he has done his share In endeavoring to settle line. Be- 
• lieves the presence of a Pennsylvania port at the head of Bay is 
advantageous to Baltimore and necessary to him. Answered 24 June. 

June 9. Letter. William Penn to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Cf. answier 24 June 1683. 

Note. Apparently an answer to letter of 23 Miay saying he will take an 
observation and withdraws the proposition for admeasurement at 60 
miles per degree. Penn belleives it would be an affront to the King and 
Duke to give up Delaware. 

June 11. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to "My honored Friend" 
[Blathwayte]. 

Ms. OiUQ. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, v. 43, No. 119. 
Ms. Copir. De Jannette Papers. Richmond, Va. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 397. 

Va. Boundary Com. Rept., 1874, App. C, p. 93. 

Abst. Encloses "Sum and Substance" and asks that he may be heard in 
person if Mr. Penn makes any further move. 

June 12. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore, to Sir Lionell Jenkins. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, Am. & W. Ind. Md. 

PUB. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 400-401. 

Abst. Should Penn, bound for England, move for any further order in 

relation to the boundaries, asks that nothing be granted until he himself 

can be heard in May or June next. 

June 12. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore, to Lord Halifax. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 10. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 401. 

Abst. Sent him formerly a "Narrative" of all that passed between Penn's 
deputy, Penn and himself; also the Sume and Substance of a Conference 
had with him December last. Since then has had a private conference, 
I'enn not wishing him, to "discourse our allaires in Publick." Sends the 
last by this conveyance to Mr. Blaithwate. Asks that Mr. I'enn be 
granted nothing until he can be heard. Will embark for England in 
May or June next. 

June 12. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, No. 52, p. 171. 

Ms. Coi'Y. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 401-402. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. IG, pp. 394-395. 

Abst. After hearing agents and counsel in behalf of Baltimore and Penn, 
the question between them is stated whether in 1632 the Dutch possessed 
land claimed by Penn. This Penn's agent will prove in a short tim^e 
when committee will hear it further. 

June 12. Letter. Robt. Wade and J. Sanderlane to Governor Markham. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 48. 

Abst. Announces receipt of letter from Lord Baltimore and the presence 
of commissioners at Augustine Herman's. "We li.ave given you ye trouble 
of the.se I/ynes-. yt when ye understand ye case, you may doe as ye Con- 
ceme requires." 



250 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1683. 

Indian Deeds to Wm. Penn of lands between Delaware and Sus- 
quehanna below Falls of Susquehanna [Bald Friars, Md.?]. 

ra. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 67. 

Note. This looks like attempts to gain Indian title to territory known by 
Penn to be in Maryland. 

June 20. Letter. Wm. Penn to Governor and Council of West Jersey. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 61-62. 

Abst. Objects to Thomas Mathews referring to acts of Lord Baltimore's 
soldiers committed at Lewis als Whorekills "so long ago and out of 
date and of his reference to 'Lord Baltimore's Claim upon Delaware.' " 

June 24. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to "My most Hon'd friend" 
[Wm. Penn]. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727. 
Cf. No. 11, Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, 1870. 

Abst. Answers Penn's letters of June 6 & 9 explaining delays. Criticises 
statements in them. Asks Penn if he will agree not to oppose Balti- 
more's title to Delaware on the ground of possession. Hopes they may 
make observation on Bay and apologises for harsh speech complained of. 
An important letter especially since that of June 9 appears to be lost. 

July 24. Letter. William Penn to Lord North. 

Pdb. Mem. H. S. Pa., v. 1, p. 411, ed. 2, p. 439-441. 

Abst. Thanks him for dispatch iij the passing of his patent. 

July 28. Letter. William Penn to Earl of Sunderland. 

Note. Penns were promoted at Court by friendly aid of Lord Hyde, 
Justice North, Earl of Halifax and Earl of Sunderland, cf. Dixon, Wil- 
liam Penn. p. 179, also 

Cf . Mem. Hist. Soc, Pa., v. 2, pt. 1, p. 243. 



July 29. 



Letter. Wm. Penn to John Tucker. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 72. 

Abst. Says his delays are continued by "ye Backwardness of ye Ld Balti- 



more to comply wth ye kings Letter. 
Proffit." 



My Friend Braithwait was a true 



July 31. Letter. William Penn to Thomas Taylor. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 70-72. 

Abst. Denies Baltimore's story that he allowed Duke's claim to Delaware 
was invalid. He refused to buy as Baltimore claimed. "Finding this 
place necessary to my Province, and that the presence of the Lord 
Baltimore was against Law civil and common, I endeavored to gett it, 
and have it, and will keep it if I can." 



1683. Petition of Wm. Markham to Duke of York. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 78-79. 

Abst. Apparently presented by Markham in the fall of 1683. There is a 

questionable statement of facts to warrant his request for an immediate 

hearing. 

Aug. 9. Report of Conference with Charles Calvert at Col. Taylor's. Wil- 
liam Penn to Committee of Trade. 

Ms. Okig. p. R. O., B. T., Pa., v. 1, 23 fol. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 74. 

Abst. Claims Calvert said Patent was not to begin by Degrees (etc.). 

Evidently a reference to the earlier charter proposed by George Lord 

Baltimore led to a misundei-standing. 



EESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 251 

1683. 

Aug. 14. Letter. William Penn to Committee of Trade and Plantation. 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O., B. T. Md., v. 4. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Boundaries, p. 8, 12 fol. 

Pub. Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 267-274. 

Chalmer's Political Annals, v. 1, pp. 661-666. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. .39.5-39U. 
Hist. U. S. of N. A., Lend., 1839, pp. 810-812. 
Abst. Gives his side of his conferences with Baltimore. Statements are 
often directly at variance with other accounts and sometimes contrary 
to what he knew to be the facts, judging from his statements elsewhere, 
and also to the facts as now accepted, e. g. claims 40° N. latitude is as 
low as 39° 17" or 34 miles S. of Upland and 18 miles S. of Newcastle 
whose latitude had been approximately determined to be 20 miles south 
of 40° N. lat. 

A.ug. 16. Letter. William Penn in America to the Committee of the Free 
Society of Traders residing in London. 

Pub. Caspanore's letters, Bath, Eng.. 1777. 
Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 246-264. 

Abst. Refers to settlement of Dutch and Swedes in meeting places of 
Newcastle, Christinia, Tennecum, Wicoco. The province is divided into 
six counties, containing about 4,000 souls. About 80 houses in Phila- 
delphia. 

Sept. 17. Commission, Lord Baltimore to Col. George Talbot. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 239. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, attested by Levin Gale, 20 Oct., 1740. 
Cf. No. 10a, Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, 1870. 
Pub. Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 274-275. 

Hist. U. S. of N. A., Lond., 1839, p. 81. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16 pp. 381-382. 
Abst. Ordered to repair to "Skoolkill at Delaware and demand of W|m. 
Penn all land lying west of Delaware and south of 40° of northerly 
latitude from two observations, the one taken 10 June, 1682, the other 
2 Sept., 1682, according to His Majesty's command in his letter of 2 
April, 1681. 

Sept. 24. Letter. George Talbot to Nicholas Moore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 239. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, attested by Levin Gale, 20 Oct., 1740. 
Pub. Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, p. 275. 

Md. Arch., v. 17, p. 145. 
Abst. Demiands all the land lying on the west side of Delaware river 
southward of the fortieth degree of northerly latitude, according to a 
line run east from two observations, the one taken 10 June, 1682, and 
the other on the 2 Sept., 1682, in obedience to his majesty's commands, 
expressed in a letter 2 April, 1681. 

Oct. 10. Letter. Gov. Thomas Dongan to Duke of Albany, New York, 
10 Oct. 1683. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1. v. 1, pp. 76-77. 

Abst. Has advised with the Council and decided to put a stop to Penn's 
affairs with the Indians until his bounds and limits be adjusted, at tlie 
determining of which he himself will either be present in person or will 
send some one. The business will therefore not proceed until positive 
orders are received. Mr. Haige, Penn's agent, is to be acquainted with 
the contents of the letter. Endorsed : "A copy of Col. Dongan's letter 
to Albany." 

Oct. 18. Proclamation of William Penn to Settlers between Delaware 
River, Chesapeake Bay and Susquehannah River to behave well 
towards the Indians. 2 fol. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O.. Colonial Papers, B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 32, 2 fol. 
Ms. Copy. Lenox Library, Chalmer's MSS. Pa., v. 1, C. 32. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 402. 

Abst. Announces purchase from Indians of all land between Delaware 
River, Chesapeake Bay and Susquehanna River. 



252 



SOURCE MATERIAL 



1683. 

Sept. 31. Letter. Williani Penn. An answer to a demand made to Nicholas 
Moore, my deputy, by Colonel George Talbot, 24 Sept. 1683, in 
pursuance of a commission from Lord Baltimore, proprietor 
of Maryland and Avalon, dated 17 of same month. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Boundaries, p. 11, auto signed, 

6 p. fol. 
Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Boundaries, p. 14, attested by 
Levin Gale, 20 Oct., 1740. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 239, attested by C. Baltimore. 
Pub. Hist. U. S. of N. A., Lond., 1839, pp. 812-814. 
Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 146-150. 
Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 276-283. 
Abst. a reply to Baltimore's demand with many good points more or 
less obscured by false or crafty argument discreditable to its author. 

Oct. 31. Considerations upon two sheets signed by William Penn, Proprie- 
tary and Governor of Pensilvania. Entitled [An Answer to a 
Demand made to Nicholas Moore as my Deputy by Colonel 
George Talbot 24 Sept. 1683. In pursuance of a commission 
from Baltimore Proprietary of Maryland and Avalon, dated 17 
of same month]. The same being sent under a cover with a 
direction to Lord Baltimore, but not under any Seale; There- 
fore (as is supposed) sent for any man's perusal. 14 pp. fo. 

Ms, Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 23^. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 151-167. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 3S3-3S6. 
Abst. A strongly partisan, sometimes almost puerile, answer to the letter 

of Penn. It does, however, show the disingenuous character of Penn's 

communication. 

Dec. 7. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to William Blathwait, Dec. 7, 
1683. 3 fol. 

Ms. Grig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, Entry Book, B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, 

p. 23, 5 fol. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 402-403. 

Doc rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 3, pp. 339-340. 
Abst. Requests that he continue to move for time until the latter end of 
May roeixt Vhen he can fully satisfy the Privy Council of his right to 
Delaware southward of degree 40. He can then meet Mr. Penn's argu- 
ment as to Dutch possession previous to Maryland patent and showing 
that the Dutch were usurpers and utterly disowned by Holland. 

Dec. 11. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore, to Sir Lyonnell Jenkins. 

Ms. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, Entry Book. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 403-404. 

Abst. Refers to the grant Penn is endeavoring "by his Agnts in England 
to gett past the great Seale of noe less'e than one-third of my Province" 
lying east of Chesapeake Bay, on the Delaware south of forty which he 
pretends the Dutch settled before the Maryland patent was granted. 
Can prove these to have been usunpers disowned by Holland and asks 
for time until May next to appear before the council and defend his 
rights. 

1683 / 4. Extract of Papers transmitted by the Lord Baltimore, Prop, of 
Maryland: relating to the Boundaryes of Maryland, Pensylvania 
& New Castle. 

Ms. Grig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers, B. T. Maryland, v. 1, B. O., p. 51. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 456. 

Abst. Baltimore has shown by observations taken by himself alone or 
with agents of Penn that 40° is about 12 miles north of Upland 
(Chester), and that he and his father had claimed Newcastle justly. 

Letter. Sir Lionel Jenkins to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 
Cf. Bait, ackn., Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 405. 



EESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 253 

1683/4. Eight Surveys, Returns and Plats of Land at Assawarmett and 
South of Indian River for Duke of York, Mr. Penn and others 
in date fr. 14 Sept. 1681-1 Feb. 1684. Extracted fr. Surveyor- \ 
General's office 20 Oct. 1740 for use in Penn v. Bait, signed by ^ 
Levin Gale, B. Young, .James Stirling, Clement Plumsted, Sam'l 
Chew, John Kinsey with 3 original maps attested with Great 
Seal by Governor Thomas. 

Cf. Allen, Catalogue No. 45, Penn Papers, 1870. 

Note. Shows that actual .iurisdiction had been exercised by Duke of York 
and Mr. Penn over territory to Assawoman Bay. 

Letter. William Penn to William Clark. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 6. 

Abst. Objects to remarks regarding the title to Sussex County. 

Letter. William Clark to Governor William Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 7-9. 

Abst. Gives his version of speech against Lord Baltimore in his relation 
to Captain Murlley. Says Baltimore denied sending out proclamation of 
1.5 May, 1682. 
1683/4. 
Jan. 24. Letter. William Penn to Colonel Philson Lloyd. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 3-5. 

Abst. Complains of Baltimore's unneighborliness saying he was ready 
to debate the matter at Newcastle but that Baltimore evaded. [The 
question refused at Newcastle was not on the merits of the case but the 
willingness to sell before knowing the quantity to be sold.] 

Feb. 8. Narrative of the whole Proceedings betwixt the Lord Baltimore 
and Captain William Markham Deputy Governor under William 
Pen Esqre as alsoe betwixt the Lord Baltimore, and the said Pen. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. 0., Colonial Papers, B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 450, signed 
by Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. P. E. O., B. T. Maryland, v. 5, fol. 60. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 374-3>S2. 

Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, pp. 414-427. 
See also under May 31, and Aug. 6, 1683. 

Feb. 12. Memorial. Duke of York asks that hearing be appointed for 
agreement on property of the Three Lower Counties [Delaware]. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. 0., B. T. Md., v. 1, B. C, p. 22. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5., p. 404. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 400. 

Abst. His Royal Highness desires a day for a hearing. 

Feb. 12. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Oeig.? P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, v. 52,? p. 273. 
^ Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

POB. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 404-405. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 400. 

Abst. Upon reading paper from Penn's -agent [Mr. Ford] requesting time 
for hearing Penn-Baltimore argument about tract in America possessed 
by his Royal Highness committee defers the business until April next 
when Lord Baltimore advises that he can be present, or earlier if latter's 
agent can be ready. 

Feb. 18. Letter. Wm. Welch to Wm. Penn. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 82-83. 

Abst. Refiers to Baltimore's attempts through Talbot to acquire control 
of inhabitants on Delaware. 



254 HCHJKOJO MAl'KKIAI. 

1683/4. 

Miiv.^2. Maryland AKSornlily. Minutes. 

Ms. Ouio. Md. Council Proc, Llbor KRR, pp. (JO o:5. 
I'tm. Md. Arch., v. 17, pp. 220-224. 

AiiST. Grant of Dolawaro Hay and parts ud.1aci;nt proposed by Lord Balll- 
iiuuv! to prevent encroachments by I'ennHylviUilaiis. 
1C84. 
April 4. Maryland Assoinhly. Minutes. 

Ms. Oitui. IJi)per House, Jour., p. ."5. 

I'nit. Md. Arch., v. IS, p. 5. 

Ahst. H'altlnior(,> tells llppcjr House he Is resolved to go spec^dlly to lOng- 
land. "My .slay there will be No longer than the rimtters yoii ;ill knowe 
hnve l)eifTi« the Subject of some dlferences belwi-xt Mr. I'eiin nud me. 
These once happily ended, shall soone returne to this place where it is 
my Interest, as also my Inclination and delight to be." 

April 6. Letter. Charlns, Lord Laltimore to Sir Lyonel Jenkins, 6 April 
1684. 

Ms. Onto. I'. It. O., ('olonlal I'lipers, Kntry Book (Amicr. W. Ind., v. T). 

p. aW)). 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 405. 

Abst. Aclcnowlcdges his letter received the day before and says that after 
business Is dcspntched by the Assembly, now sitting, hie will embark for 
lOngland (th(^ latter end of the month) calling In at York river to pay 
his respecls to hoi-ii ii'dward. Asks opportunity to appear at Council 

board to (Icreiid his rl^'bl^. 

Aug. 7. Commission from Wm. Penn to Wm. Welch et al. to raise forces 
to maintain peace against any invasion from Maryland. 

I'un. Pa. Arch., sn'r. 1, v. 1, p. 85. 

Note. Copied froin orighial In I'enn's handwriting. 

April 23. Letter. Thomas Lloyd and "Wm. Welch to Wm. Penn. 

I'lJH. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1. pp. 84-85. 

AusT. Letter from gentleman sent to Governor Dongan of N. Y. to obtain 

his friendly services with Lord BalLimoro. Governor asks that matters 

remain quiet until the Duke's pleasure be learned. 

April 2'S. Letter. Governor Dongan to I^ord Baltimore. 

I'ini. I'a. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. Sd. 

AiJST. Asks tliat Lord Baltimore desist from building fort [at Christina]. 

May Petition. Eph. Herman to the Right Honourable the Lord Pro- 

prietary and his Honourable Council. 

I'UB. Md. Arch., v. 17. pp. 484-485. 

Abst. Humble petition of Ephralm Herman of the Town of Newcastle 
on Delaware Itlver, for confirmation of patent to land about Newcastle 
granted "from his Royal Highnesses Government of New York." Con- 
llrmed upon his jiuying according to "conditions of Plantation now in 
force within this province I Maryland]. Herman was an active adherent 
of Penn's but doubted I'enn's rights enough to wish to make his own 
title sure. 

May 9. Petition. Peter Bayard "of Delaware" to Council at Mattapony 
Sewall. 

I'UB. Md. Arch., v. 17, l)p. 488-489. 

Abst. Asks for conilrmatlon of title to "several Hamocks or small Islands 
in a nuirsh at the iiiouth of Delaware River," "which said Land and 
other parts of said River up to the Degree of forty Nortlnern Latitude 
Your l''etltionf% Is Informed and hath been made Sensible falls within 
the Bounds of this your Lordships I'rovlnce of Maryland, etc." 



1684. 

May 0. l'':t,itjon. .I;iiti<:v, JloijfifJ of Horri<;r;;';t, bounty. 

Mh. M6. r>>uncll, T/lbf!i' ItJlft, p, 10«. 
i'r;j!. Mrt. Arch,, v, 17, W). 2(J7-2<5M, 

Akht. Ankhiti for confJiToatJon of tlU'i t;*-) i>art of 4,000 a';;'<ix wtt, mi6'i try 
WIDIarri /'r-rm for hl» <^Wfi ii»<s, lyln^ brstw^s'jfi WUfrntkUia iitid Kchotj'ilh 

/r.l'rt:. 

May J2. 'Ih'; l?,';I;)fjori of Mr (',u.rr<:U. Van8We@r)rjK';)'i of t.h'; i';it-y of 

;• I ' ' V fii;; knowledge of the Seating of Delaware 

i . / I out hward of tlie 40tb Degree of Northern 

LaU'Mj'J'; t./ i.i.'; I;!j)/-,h and Bw©de» . . . [Attest, 1. Mary- 
lanri :: „ A i.t. ,-, r>,, ,„,;,]) j-,,.j,j at Mattapany Bewail thf; 'I'w-.ift.h 

day of .'/Jay J'i^4 'J h'; a; or':;:'; in;; 'JcipOiiJltlOn then t''J.kf;n hf:ff>r<) 
ij;:. U'-Jiry JjarnaJI, V/rrj I j,;^:','/., : :K;b,ola» Sewall, ./ohn barnali. 

Mk. 0/U'i, /'. U. O., C.iAouSi).] y:u,<'rn, I'. 'V . UA., V. t, B, C„ J>, «r,, 

l'r;B, M']. Afv;ti., v. r,, f/p. 4)1 4)7, 

J>0'r. ;•';!, Col'/nUil iiU'X. S. Y., v. ','., pp. 'M2'''A7. 

Ahht. lU-Jfrra t/) profc';«t« by N'<!al<> HHnUtnt Dnt/Hi and the conmuu'tnt 
fcmovnl i>r tti'i WiiomkiH fAW<mi<^it.. Not vmy tniHiworthy,' Vii.ii 
Hwdifrhmt'M hM bw;r/ acUvfj in the iJutch Afo«''r(V)3,ro 'colony v/^)<t<- )(1« 
act* w<>r« more or [';«» iiwmtUmat)l^,. 

Mh.y '.'.(). I.fjtter. Samuel I-/and to Wnri, Pr^nn, 

i'(;B, Pa, Arch., »er, 1, v, J, p, 87, 

abht. Rftportn team eixomea by CoL Talbof* aggt'tmiiivmefm. 

JwTih'y,. iJitt^r. William Penn to Duke of York. 

i'f/B. ,Iannf;y, JAU; of JVon, pp. 242-243, 
(J. Mtitii. ;/)«(.. Ho';, i'a,, V, 4, p, J.78, 

Aj{H7', ('.(jittplninn ot Talbot invaMion will foDow Baltimore to Knyjuj.'i ':)>. 
tst.nt. i).n I ':».ri." 

Jiiri<;]2. JjepOKltlon of JoKeph iJO'A'le regarOlng b'lha/jor of (',<t\<,ii':\ 'laJ^oM 
t^'JwardK him, 

l'r;/8, i'a. Col, Hec, v. 1, pp. f5l'<52, 

AuHT. Hay» 'J'alboft i.Yyr(ii).iMri<-A to »hvrt<?n Penn'« tartiiory by and by and 
tbat iUfwl*: wuH not In l'ifrin'» pt-(/viu('Ai. 

.iuTi<:]2. Ijepof-Itlon of Griffith. .JoneH regarding speech of Wllllarrj '^Jark 
uttered 5th June against Lord Ualtlmore, 

Pt/B. Pa. Col. Eec., V. 1, p. 61. 

Ab«t. Qtjotftiii Clark a» »ayine Lord Baltiaiore denIM, l»»uing pFOcMm&tUm 
<«K;otiraglng uffttlemdnt at Wlioreklll*. 

.Turi';.'iO. Lrftter. E. ]h:i\,'ut. ^Solicitor to Duk^-. of 7ork| t/. William Hlat.h- 
wayt. 

Mx. Obw. i', li, 0-, Colonial Paper*, B. T. Md., v, 1, B. C« p. 25 

Pt.B, Md, Arr;h„ V. .'J, pp, 417-41^, 

Ais«r, /n tte »^;a<j(»«j b';»,w<^;<flrj p<ffm t?g»<i!ft to hl» Iloyal nighn'-** 8,o<i ha.ri 
roo/': ioiif:hiri}i a f,ra/;t of land Jn th<r W<5«t iri^Ut^ po»tpW(<;d until April 
lajst tl'r^irait on YxibaM. ot il\n lUtynA Hlghn''.m v/iioat; hiU^rtiHtji ar's dl*- 
tarb'rd iljat thitrc, mn:y \,ct no further d«lay, 

July 2. Committ/je of Trade and V)a,ntMion». Minutes of Meeting, 

M;{. 0/j»o. i', II. O., Colonial Pap«r», Kntry Book, No. 1107], p. 820. 
Md. Arch., V. S, p. 418, 
Pa. Arch., ssser. 2, v, J>J, p. 40^), 

AtiH't. T;poo lettisr from Hir /'dward Herbert fe*jtJ«#tili»ig; «peedine of <;a«M« 
b<rf,w'*n P«na and liH-ltUnfirH Vrr land* on TXti^warti ordieTed mat Balt^ 
mor«'» asjent fxi Sflv<m not.^^ t/> att/«d on W<i!dri<*day tli« t^tb. 



i'r.-B. 



25G SOURCE MATERIAL 

1684. 
July IC. Committee of Trude and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

MM. Okiq. p. U. O.. Oolonlal r«pors, Kniry Book No. |I07?|. p. .■?24. 
Ms. Coi'Y. Md. lllst. Soc, Culvert I'apers. No. 2^0. 
I'liH. M(l. Arch., V. 5. p. 4]S 

I'a. Aieh.. sor. 2, v. 16, p. 401. 
AnsT. Agents of BnltUnore «nd Penn attemdlng the Umo for furiUcr 
consideration Is s©t for WednPSday next at 4 P. M. 

July 23. (\)nimittee of Trade and I'lantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

M.S. Ouuj. P. K. O., Colonial Entry Book No. [107?!, p. 3^). 

Ms. Copy. Md. lllst. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. lilU). 

Pub. Md. Areli., v. 5, p. 41S. 

I'a. Areli., ser. U, v. 10, p. 401. 

AUST. Upon the dllTeixMiee touehlnp the boundary of Marylnnd-Pennsyl- 
vanlft Lord Balllinore and Mr. li'md, affwit for Penn. called In. Because 
of absence on hla circuit of Sir lOdward Herbert, solicitor to Ula Royal 
lUiilniess. the Urst Tuesday In Michaelmas Is appointed for tiie hearing. 
I Sept. i:!)]. 

Mr. l''ord asks delay. Lord Baltimore In Ifingland. I'rlor to this his 
agent had been representative. 

Aug. 8. Letter. William Penn to Iflarl of Sunderland. 
Cf. Mom. lllst. Soc. Pa., v. 4, p. ISU. 

Aug. 20. Committee of Traiio and riantationa. Minutes of Moeting. 

Ms. OuiG. P. U. O., Colodilal Papere, Kntry 15ook No. 108. p. 0. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. r>. p. 410. 

AusT. Baltimore granted copies of the niiiintcs of the incclinj;' relating to 
the lands In Delawiirc. 

Sept. 30. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Ouiu. V. U. O., Colonial Papers. Entry Book No. 108, p. 11. 
Ma. Coi'Y. Md. lllst. Soc Calviert I'apers, No. ~'M). 
VVK. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 41!). 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 10. p. 401. 
AusT. On statement of Sir lOdward Herbert, His lioyal llighnioss" solicitor. 
that proofs In rc.i^.'ird to the tract of land about Newcastle depend chleily 
npi>n Mr. I'enn's coming to Kngland ; where he Is expected, !) Doc. next 
Is appointt'd for hearln.i;. 

Penn arrivcii in l';ni;iand 124 Dee. 1084. llearhig of lH>c. postponed. 

Oct. 3. Maryhiiul Couuoll. Prooeedings. 

Ms. Ouiu. Md. Council Proc. Liber BUR. pp. 118 110. 
Pun. Md. Arch., v. 17, p. 270. 

AnsT. Ordered that fort at Christlnla bridge be maintained with four men 
for six months longer. 

Oct. 4. Marylitnd Council. Proceedings. 

Ms. OiiU5. Md. Council Proc. Liber UUK. p. ILN*?. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 17, p. 284. 

AusT. I'ay ordered for soldiers at ChrlsUnia on motion of Talbott. 

1G84. Report of a conlVrence between "Coll. Talbot juui William Penn on 
various matters connected with his Government of Pensilvania 
and Coll. Talbot's interference therein. 

Ms. OiUG. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No.- 240. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Mag., v. 1, lOOS. pp. 21-32. 

Nov. 3. Conin\iltoe of TnnU- :nid IMantalions. Minutes of Mooting. 3. 
Nov. 1684.^ 

Ms. Ori«. p. U. O., Colonial Kntry Book, No. lOS?. p. 19. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 420. 



ItHlHIirtVMY Oic IVIAHOIV-DtXON IJ N Ifi 257 

1684. 

Ai-.ii'r. Keller I'l-oiii Mr. I'eiiii \t, (•(.initill,l<'e diiled I 'I Aiif^. \(W.'. read iind 
copy ordered iierjl. (o I'.nlllinore for lilii Itil'oriiiiillori mid iuiiiwr'i- ill lh(' 
hcarlriK- 

Nov. i. Marylfuid (Joiirioil. ProcofuJInKH. 

Mh. Ohio. Md. (Council I'roo., I/Ihnr llJUl. 
I'lJH. Md. Arch)., v. 17, p. .'504. 

AliH'i'. ('orrHit.l; J'tillcirifui Miirry, liile under Tiilholl., ordered lo innliiliiln 
llic riirlHl 1(111 fori I'or four rnoiillii:. 

Uec. 'J. (;oxriJriil,l,(;(! ol' '\'r:u\<: ;ui(l l'l;i,iil,;i,t,i<)HH. Mliiiil.fiH of M<:cA.\nn. 

Mh. Ohki. I'. It. ()., ColorilJil lOiitry Hook, No. lOS?, p. 54. 

Mh. V.itfv. Md. IIIhI. Hoe,, ('alverl, fjipeni, No. ^I'.O. 

i'Ult. I'u. Arch., H<»r. 2, v. I'!, vp. 40] AO'Z. 

AdH'I'. l)\ff(',ri'ti(:<i Ix.'lwccri Cnlllinore iirid I'eiiii (i|i))')lii led I'or llii!! <liiy 
"wiiH pii(; o(T (111 (iriolher (lime." 
1084/5. 
Feb. 2. \MU:r. KiH.'i KlXf,. Willi;i.rri iViriri l,o IO;i,rl Itor.h | (;iil,»;r?J. 

(,'f. Mem. lllHt. Hoc. I'li., t. I, j). 414, 2(1 «(!., p. 442. 

Feb. 9. l.oU.fsr. Willbirri f'cnii lo IVI;i,r(|MiH fJallfax. 

Cr. Meifi. IIIriL Soe. I'ji., v. I, p. 4 1 H, 2il fl., p. 44f!. 

Mar. 17. Ifjforrnal.lori t.oiichin^ rriy fjord UalUrrioni al. (J()Ian(l. 

Mh. (}\un. P. Jl. ()., Colonial I'nipcrn. AUfntM 17 Mar. If!H4/r). 
rifo. Md. Arch., v. fi, jip, 4.'',0 4:',.i, 

l-a. MuK- I'hd,. A J'.Iok., v. (i, i.[». 420-4.'?4. 
Ai:;;r, Narrfit,e« Ineldent/! uh recorded In noic« Inken ut. Iho Hirw hy Mr. 
llwlge. 

Mar. 17. An AiiHwnr of William M;i.rl<h?i,fri to fiOrd Hall,lrrior(;'n alifiKaLIona, 
10 fol. 

Mh. Ohio. r*. It. O., It. T. Md., t. 1, K, (,'., pp. 2«-27. 
I'lJli. Md. Arch., v. !>, f>]>. i'.'.'.'.A'M't, 

I'a. MftK. Illiit, ^ I'.loK., v.-O, pp. 427-420. 
Ai'.H'r. NarraU'M hlii view ol' Inl.er'vlew and ixpliilnii hlM »,t»!iericen from 
appolntm(;nt,8. 

Mar. 17. Aeeoiml, of ;i. f !onl'»;ron(:<; l)(;l,wfu:n liOnl I'.ailirrior'*; ;ui(| Wrri. Murk 
h;i,ni. I!. f'f>l. 
Mn. <)ni<J. I'. It. ()., I!. T. Md., v. 1, I',. ('.., p. 28, 

Mar. 17. I/iLUif. Wllliafn I'oiin l,o Coinrnil.l.cf! of Trade and I'lanl.al.ioriH. 

Iter. (,o In Mlnnfrvii of < 'o//jin)l I ce. I'. It, (>., Colwilu) ICiitry I'.ook No. lOH, 

p. 110. 
AoHT. Jt(;(jiir;«I.n that an order for quIclhiK Iho pow-CBHlonH of (h<; land in 

IxHaware. ItefiiKcd by I'rlvy (Jouricll. 

Mar. 17. Coirifnitl.'.'O of Tr.'i.flc ;i,tHl l'l;uil,;i,l,iori;i. Mi.-ml,';;! ol" M<:<-A.\i\t^. 

Mh. Ohio. I'. It. O., Colonial lOnl.ry I'.ook, No. JOH, p. IKJ. 
Mh. Coi'v. Md. IllHt. Hoc, Calvert I'ap'OrB, No. 2.'{0. 
I'lji!. Md. Arch., v. !'», p. 4.".."i. 

Pu. Arch., H<;r. 2, v. 10, p. 402. 
Ajsh'J'. n(!cldK; to do nolhlfrK on reipicHl, of William reim for (|iilel.lriK P"'i 
H(!«HloriM on l»elawiu'e (jendlriK i«"tll(!menl; of cajv;. 
1685. 
July 15. Order of Kin^ lo Mr. At.lorncy (J';iio,r;i,l to (inter Writt:; of Quo 
W<i,rr<i,nl,<) !i,KairiKt Proprietors of IOa,i!l. Kr. We;;!, N<;w .ler;:ey and 
of helaware. 

Mh. Wntiiv. I'. It. O., I'lant. Cen., v. :',2, p. 2:i0, 7 fol. 
I'UB. Md. Arch., v. H, pp. 444-44,''.. 

Aiif,'. 18. Petition. William Penn to the LordH of Plantation. 2 pp. fol. 

Mh. Oiuo. r. It. O., (,'olonlal I'aperH, H. T. Md., 15, C, p. .".0. 
I'oe.. Md. Arch., v. .5, p. 4.''.2. 

I'a. Arch., Her. 2, v, 10, p. 402. 

Ai;.'!'r. AnkH Ihiil an early day rrray bO HOl for a hearing. 



258 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1685. 

Aug. 18. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. OniG. P. R. O.. Colonial Papers, p. 179. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 446. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 402. 

Abst. Ordered upon petition of William Penn. who states that the ques- 
tion is about a title of land and not of power, and so not a question or 
quo warranto, that differences concerning boundaries, etc., be heara _b 
Aug. at 4 P. M. 

Aug. 26. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms Oeig p. R. O.. Colonial Entry Book, v. 52, pp. 1S3-187. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 453. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 403. 
Abst. Baltimore and Penn attend and their Lordships appoint business 
for Tuesday 2 Sept. 

1685. The case of William Penn, Esq., as to the Proprietary Govern- 
ment of Pennsylvania which, together with Carolina, New York, 
etc., is intended to be taken away by bill in Parliament. Lon- 
don, 1685, fol. 1 leaf. 
Cf. Sahin's Dictionary No. 59, 686. 
Sept. 2. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Papers Entry Book, v. 52, p. 188. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5. pp. 453-454. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 403. 

Abst. Baltimore and Penn attending, the latter produces proofs to show 
that the Swedes and Dutch inhabited Delawai-e before the date of Balti- 
more's patent. Urdered that Baltimore be given copies of said proof 
and be prepard to make his defense by the 30th inst. 

Oct. 8. Committee of Trade and plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, v. 52, p. 198. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 280. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 454. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 403-404. 

Abst. Baltimore and Penn attending, the former attempts to prove that 
in 1642 one Ployden sailed up the Delaware river and saw no house 
there, as was affirmed by Penn. Presents copy of a report of the Com- 
missioners of Foreign plantations 4 April 1638 showing their opinion as 
to Baltimore's right to the Isle of Kent in his difference with Claybourne. 
Also presents deposition of Vansweeringen. The Committee requests 
Baltimore to present attested copy of the Commissioners' reports by 
Thursday next. 

Oct. 17. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, v. 52, p. 207. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Ai'ch., v. 5, p. 454. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 404. 

Abst. Baltimore and Penn called in. Former reports inability to find 
the original of the report of 4 April 1638 by which the attested copy 
may be made. The committee thereupon reports their opinion that the 
tract of land in dispute does not belong to Baltimore, but another meeting 
will be held to make final decision on the boundaries. 

Oct. 31. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Orig. Colonial Entry Book. v. 52. p. 211. 

M|s. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 230. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 454-455. 

Pa. Arcjj., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 404-405. 

Abrt. Baltimore and Penn attending. It is proposed "that the whole 
Peninsula or' tract of land called Delaware from East to West as far as 
Cape Henlopcn Southward may be divided into two equal parts between 
His Majesty and my Lord Baltimore." Baltimore given one week to 
(>fTer objections. 



BESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 259 

1685. Map. [Maryland and Delaware with part of Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey, Chiefly Chesapeake and Delaware Bay.] 

17 cm X 33 cm 1 In = 38 miles. No date. 

Facsimile of original mss. draft in Auckland mss. at Kings College, Cam- 
bridge. 

Stevens's facsimiles, v. 12, No. 1237. 

Boundary dotted from FenM'ick's Id. to Maryland Point slanting to S. E. 
corner Pennsylvania and West across Susquehanna. No circular bound- 
ary. Must have been after division of Peninsula decision and before the 
circular boundary of 1701. Oeidar Swamp shown. No isands at Chesa- 
peake end of E. and W. line. Compare with Herman's map. Thg map 
of 1732 is based on this. 

Papers transmitted by the Lord Baltemore Propr. of Maryland: 
Relating to the Boundarys of Maryland Pennsylvania & New 
Castle. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., Colonial Papers. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, p. 456. 

Abst. Baltimore 27 June 1682 determined the latitude of Newcastle 
39° 40' obsiea-vation by Baltimore and Penn's agents gave Upland as 
39° 47' 5" whereupon Baltimore claimed rights to go twelve miles up 
Delaware River to where 40th degree cut the river. 

Nov. 7. Committee of Trade and Plantations. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. Okig. p. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, v. 52, p. 225. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist Soc, Calveirt Papers, No. 230. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 5. pp. 455-456. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 405. 

Abst. Baltimore and Penn attending. After hearing Committee resolves 
to report their opinion to the King that the tract of land between the 
Delaware and the Chesapeake be divided into two equal parts "by a line 
from the Latitude of Cape Henlopen to the 40th Degree of Latitude" 
the eastern half adjudged to His Majesty and the other half to Baltimore. 

Nov. 7. Committee of Trade and Plantations [Report on dividing Mary- 
land and Delaware]. 

Ms. Copy. Inclosed in letter from Baltimore, London, 1 Dec. 1685 to 

Deputy Governor of Maryland. P. R. O., Liber B. p. 1. 
Ms. Copy. Spread in the King's order of 7 Nov. 1685, Colonial Entry 

Book, V. 52, p. 107. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 455-456, 458-459. 

Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 1, pp. 293-294. 
Abst. Report read from Committee for trade and plantations. Pursuant 
to King's order of 31 May, 1683, have examined into difference between 
Baltimore and Penn and And that Baltimore's patent was for unculti- 
vated land, that the land in dispute was inhabited by Christians before 
the date of Baltimore's patent, has since been made a colony distinct 
from Maryland. Recommend that the tract of land lying between the 
Delaware and the eastern sea on the one side and Chesapeake bay on the 
other "be divided into two equal! parts by a line from the latitude of 
Cape hinlopen to the 40th degree of Northern latitude" the eastern half 
to be adjudged to the King, the other half to Baltimore. 

A compromise measure which saved the King's reputation, Penn's 
possessions and Baltimore's 40°. 

Nov. 13. Order. Dividing Maryland and Delaware issued by King James II. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., Colonial Entry Book, v. 52. p. 107. 
Ms. COPY. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 242. 

1 Dec, 1685, in letter from Lord Baltimore to the Deputy Governor 
of Maryland, Md. records. Liber B, pp. 1-3. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 456, 458. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 19-20 ; 406. 
Abst. The King approved the report of the Committee for trade and 
plantations of 7 Nov., 1685, and ordered that the land "be forthwith 
divided accordingly" and Baltimore and Penn and all others to take 
notice thereof. 

Cf. Confirmation by Queen Anne, 1709, June 23. 



^ 



260 



ISOUKCE MATEKIAL 



1686. 

Dec. 1. 1-otttM-. Chavles. Lord Baltimoro to Colonel Thomas Tailler 
let al}. 

Ms. Copy. \\ K. O.. l.ibor B. pp. \-2. ci. also V K, O.. U. V.. M,1., v. 1. 

B. C. p. 51. 3 fol. 
Pur. Md. Arch., v. f>. pp. 4r>7-4r>8. 

Abst. Snys ordor was passed unlciunvn to him. (Ct. ;U Oi-t.. which g.ive 
Jiiiu ono wook's iiolioo.) llopos tho Kins: will luako luoiliiioatiou of 
dtvix>o ; In the lueamimo wants to koop Fort Christinia. 
l.ottoi- encloses Kep^H-t of 7 Nov. and Ofdor of 13 Nov. 
16St5. 

April 2S. Cominissiou of Maryland Council to Captain Philius Murry. 
Christina Bridge. 

Ms. OuiG. r. R. O.. I.llwr K, p. 3. 
Pi'B. Md. Arch., v. 5. p. 459. 

Akst. Ordeivd to prevent oncrojichments of foreigners and stranwrs upon 
his Lordship's Province without iieense. 

Note. Similar orders sent to sheriffs of Baltimore. Cecil. Talbot. Dor 
Chester and Somerset Covmties. 

April 30. Memo. Board of Trade to Attorney Gouernl to renew quo warranto 
proceeding's. 

.Ms. KNruv. V. K. O.. H, T.. riant. Gen,, v. ;>•_'. p. -Jal'. 4 fol. 

May 2i>. Maryland Council. Minutes of Meeting. 

Ms. ORia. r. R. O.. Liber B, p. ;u>. 
I'l 15. Md. Arch., v. 5, pp. 4S4-4SR. 

Abst. Ordered that pji^- to soldiers at Christina fort be continued. 
16S7. 
May li>. Trivy Council Order to Mr. Attorney and Mr. Solicitor to prose- 
cute the quo warrantos issued against tlie several! Proprietors 
and Corporations in America. 

Ms. Ouu). r. U. O.. Colonial Kutr.v Book, v. ,->-. p. 110. 
rrn, Md. Arch., v. 5. p. f)4,1i. 

Oct, 2. Letter. William Penu to James Harrison, 
Ms. IVmbertou MSS. 

.\iisr. One hearing before the Ooiumlttee has been had with Baltimore 
who had time to examine "our Holland proofs." Another hearing next 
week, cf, .lanney. Life of Tenn. p. "Ji)."*. 

Oct, 25. Letter. William Penn to James Harrison. 

Ms. remberton MSS. 

.\Bsr. After full hearing before the Lords of the Committee with Balti- 
more "he was cast" and the lauds In dispute are adjmlgi^d not within 
his patciit. 

Pec. 10. Patent. England. Scotland. France and Ireland. King James the 
Second. 10 Ooc. 16SS to William Penn. Not signed. 

l^ndoi-stMuent pasted on back i« Paris" haudwrltlnsr. "Patent in fee simple 

to IVnn. 10. 10.8S. Draft of a BUI Sir William . 

Williams Sollr «.;«il Wm. Pienn. ICeq. of 

Pensnlva Orlgl Bill ^each 4 skins) has Sr Wm 

Wms own hand to It. 31 .Tuly. 17,->2, Paris." 
14 p. ms. written on one side of the leaf only of copv. Pa. Hist Soc 

IVnn MSS, 
.\nother copy ms. not signed. 1^\. Hist. Soc. Penn MSS lt>»^;MO>H> nn 

11-lJ). • n- 

S«« Logiui'a reference to this In 1726. 
% 



RJESSFKYEY OF MASOK-DIXON LINK 261 

1690. M.\r of Yo Ena:lis=h Rmpire in America W. BlnueTOftn. sculp. \^ 

Ix>nd. R. Mordou. 2Sxl9H. 1 in. — *2 mi. In Americas Maps 
V. i. No. 5. Lit. Oon§r. 

Note. North boundarv of Md. plaotxl at pr<vsei\t SO^" hcnw mvioh botow 
head of Ohesap««ko Bay. Appai-«>ntly foUowlns IVnn's ov>x\tin\tlon that 
40" bes»n tht^ie. Wlawaro Is st^parattxl from Vwmsylvania vvi\ this map 
by a dotted arc from l'plaj\d west to N. K. corner of Md. anticipating 
the survey of 1701. 
1691. 
June 10. Letter. W'iliiam Penn to . 



PrB. 



Votes Rep. Ta.. v, 1. 

rroud. Hist. l^a.. v. 1. p. 201^. 



ARsr. "I would also you should ki\o\v I haw a patent of the lower 
cottuties som«> years ^:ico: that when thero is occasion for it. you may 
aUtxls^v so, but not otherwise." 

Oct. 25. Commission. King: AYilliam at\a Queen .\lnry to Benjamin 
Fletchei*. 

Ms. 4' Will, & Mariae. 1001, 

Ms. Corx. r. R. O.. B. 1\. Pa., v. 2, p. 26. 

PiB. I'a. Arch,, ser, 2. v. 10. p. 400. 

rroud. Hist. ra,. v. 1. pp. STS-S80. 

Abst. Appolutinsr to (.^wernorship of IVunsylvanla, This made the 
government a Royal Frovinw and deprived NYm. Venn of propi>tet-ary 
control. This was restored in less than two years (Axis. 20, 169S). 

1691. M.vv, Thomas Holme. Snn-^yor-General. Pennsyiv.nni.n. n. 

KKV115. l.. r. Smith, rhlla., 1840. 
. Ch. L. Warner. 1S70. 
See Winsor. Xarr. & Crit. Hist. Am., v. 8, p. 516. 

Absx. a map of tlve provin^'O of renusAlvanla, containing the three 
counties of Chester, Philadelphia and Bucks as far as yet surveyed and 
laid out. 

1692. Letter. AVm. Penn to a "certain person in Phila." Extract. 

Ms. P. R. O.. B. T.. 1^,. V. 1. 7 fol. 

Abst, They are to Insist on the patent with modeiatunv. but steadilj'. 

Deo. 5. Letter. \Vm. Penu to Col. Fletelieir. 

Ms. t>rv. P. R, O., B. T„ Pa,, v. 1. 5 fol. 

Abst. Heai-s he is to "command" Pa. CautioftS him "to tread softly," as 

that country and gv^ernment is IVxiu's propertj-, no qna M?ai"»xw<o havlixg 

affected it. 

1693. Petition. Oliester County inliabitants to Gk)VQrtior and Council 

Pennsylvania to liave Clvester and New Castle County Innindary 
ruBL. 

Ms. ORto, Pa, Col, Rec, v, 1. p, S50. 
PCB. Ashmead, Hist, of Pel, Co,, p. IS. 
Smith, Hist, of L>el. Co., p. 1S7. 

April 11. Maryland Council. Proceedings. 

Ms. Oric?. Md. Council Proc, Liber K (Md. Hist. Soc.L 
Pie. Md. Arch.. ▼. S. p. olS. 

Abst. , Susiiuehannoh Indians beinj: reduced to a smaH ntimboi- 

asked liberty to settle upon their own l.aiul at th? Sus»iuehannoh fort, to 
which ansis-*r l» mjtde ••That their b\n-t as thet call it falling within tbe 
Limits of another Gover-amet^t as IVnsilvania.this Government can takt^ 
no cosrtisance thereof," 



< 



262 SOURCE MATKKIAL 

1693. 

Aug. ?. l\n\usylvauia Couuoil. Resolution of 3 Aug. 1G93 defining 
Xaamans Ci'^e^k as boundary of New Castle County. 

Ptb. l\a. Col. Roc., r. 1. p. S4d. 

ABsr. Upon petition "Resolroii that ((or the prosont Oonvenioucie of th* 
gv>ven\uiont. s»nd i\ot for arjr sbsx>lute *i\d fin&U ppoprwtarie dlvi- 
sioti . . /» the bounds of New Castle Countie shall extend Northward 
to the moutti of Xanian's creok." 
Of. Ashmead. Hist- Del. Co.. p. IS. 
1694. 
Am?. 20. Grant Restoring of Provinces. William and Mary to William 
Penn. 

PriB. Proud. Hist, Pa,, r. 1. pp. 403 404. 

l^a. Col. Roc.. V. 1. pp. 457-4:>S. 

Pa. Arch., set. 2. r. 16. p. 411. 

l^a, .Vrch.. set. 4, t. 1. r-^ "i-':- 

Annuls action of 16d;> 
1694/5. 
Mar. 6. Letter. Countj- Court of Sussex to Justices in Maryland. 

Ms. Sussex Recorxte, No. IT. fol. S.>. S6. 
PCB. l^a, Atvh.. SM-. 2, T. 16. pp. 412 4 IS. 

Abst. Sug^^st that all acts of violence be avoided until boundary Is run. 

1695. A Map of Virginia, Maryland. Pennsylvania, East and West I^Iew 
Jersey, by John Thornton at the Piatt in the Minories & by 
Will Fisher at ye Postern Gate on Tower Hill, London. SO" x 20" 
n. d. scale approx. 1 inch to 9 miles. 

Md. Hist. Soc. 
1695/6. 
Jan. 12. Deed of L^ase. Thomas Dongan to Wm. Penn, 

PiB. l^a. Aroi.. ser. 1. v. 1. pp. 121-122, 

Abst. This tojrotfcer with other letters shows that Peim and Dongan were 
jointly inte-res«N'. i • .s.vr.irin^ control of the land v^n both sides of 
the 5?us»«i«ehanr..i c at the Mo;intains or head of tije said rlrer. 

and r«nnii\g; as v; into the l>Ay v»f Ohesapoalce."' This is fol- 

lowed hy a war... ... .\ of same date ar.d doscriptions, 

Feb. 22. Letter. Markham to Wm, Penn. 

Ms. P. R, O,, B. T., V. 2 B. S. No. 16, S fol. 

ABST. Letters ftv>i» Mr. CJark that the MiatylAndePs contmue to e«ci«*ch 
on IV bounds. 
1696. 
June IS. Declaration against Lord Baltimore., 

PvB. I'Sa. Arch., ser, 1. v. 1. pp. SS-dl. 

Cf, l^a, Ook RecoTxSs. r. 1. pp. 5S», «£, 

Assr. Dtawn uqp by Thomas Holmes tet al) and «i>pioved by Goventor 
and Ooancil, Oh,ieots to pTNX-lankations of M«.t l^ 16SS. action of 
Murtj and Talbot and tbe bailding of Chnsttna Ftort, 

16»6 /7. 

Jan. Petition. William Penn to the Great and Excellent Queen Anne of 
Great Britain, &c. 

Ms. COFT. Md, Hist. Soc™ Calvert i"'apers. No. 24^. 
.KBST. Asfcs \)»een to order both proipnetarys to parsne the orders in l€S5 
169T 
June 11. Address of the Council an4 Assembly of Maryland to the Lords 
Oommissr* of Trade and Plantations relating to the Bounds of 
Maryland. 

Note. l"1tl$ g^ivon in Calvert Pai»er No 2*J> and In Acts of Assettbty f*c 
this date. Md. Arch., v. l^ p. &SS. Addnc>ss sot fosnd. 



KKSURVEY OF MASO^lUXOJi LINK 263 

1697. 

Aug. ':i. Lord^ Commissioners of the Council of Trade by William EV3pple, 
to Mr. Peuu Curtice of order ou runuiug the bouudaries] 
1 p. ms, v4 PP.> *'" folded as wrapper aud addressed "to William 
E*eiin, E^^d. Tlvese." Red wax seal. 

Ms. Orhj. Feiui MSS. Off. Con\. t. 1, 1683-1727. p. 16. 

^*o. IG, Alk^u. Cat. Peun Pap<?cs. ISTO. 

Ms. Corr. Md. Hist. Ssoc. C,-\lrert P!ip<?vs. No. 249. 

Absst. To prev^ut disputx.^ for want of a fixt s^ttlem^nt of tho bounviav-ios 
"dii^K'tious hav<? b«?ou giv«?u to OoU. Xiobolsou. Gov. of Mavylaud for 
rumiing the line of Dvrisiou accorvliug to Covmcil" of King- Jaui<?is. 13 
Not., 1<5S5. Asks that duvor;.v.; !>,^ vr:\-.>ti t^^;• o.>r,ourreuoo iu that work 
ou part of Pemisj-lvania 

Sept 1. Letter. William Peuu to Governor Markham. 

Ms. Oopx. Md. Hist. Soc.. Calvert Papers. Xo. 249. 
P. R. O.. B. T.. Pix^prietiejs, v. 1. A52. 2 fol. 
Absx. Authorizes him to proceed under the following letter. 

Sept. 2. Letter. Lords of Trade to Goreruor Nicholson of Marj-land. 

Ms. Copv. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. Xo. 249. 

ABsr. Refers to order of 16So undei- which he is to act aud iucloses pre- 
ceding letter aiid copy of order of 1665. 
H>i>S. 
May '2t>. Memorandum. Several matters relating to ^tarylaud aud Peusil- 
vauia. Dictated to me [Mr. Bladen?] by the Governor of Mary- 
land, Patuxeut, Maryland, 2G May. H35>S. 

Ms. Copv. Bridgvnvater Manuscripts, v. 2o. 

PCB. Md. Arch., v. 23. pp. 5S0-5SS. 

ABsr. Chaiges IVnu with illegal practices regaixiing trade aud injustice 
of Quaker courts. "The Governor thought it not espedieni to answer 
Mr. Pen's letter or to hold any correspoudeuce with him without your 
Lordships command or diit?ction." Refers to an address made to tho 
Lord Commissiojier that the "Division Line" be "setled." "His Excel- 
lency desii"es that if Mr. l^;nn or any other person have anythm to 
object to him that they ma>- put the same in writing, sign it and give 
security to pwsecute the accusation that he m;vy have his legal remedy 
against them if they fail to make it good." 

A.u^. 20. Letter. Governor Nicholson to Lords of Trade. 

Ms. Copr. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Ko. 249. 
Note. Used at examination iu chancery. 

ABsr. Claims that ho could do nothing because duplicate of order of Xov., 
ICSo, was lost in transit. 
10i>^. 
Sept 20. Letter. Lords of Trade to Governor Blackiston. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 249. 

Ab51\ Orders that boundaries he settled while Mr. Penn is in the covmtry. 

1699. Petition. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Queen a^gainst Order of 

T Nov. 16S5. 4 pp. fol. 

its. Copr. Md. Hist Soc.. Calvert Papers, No. 253, 
Note. Used in examination In chancery. 

1700. An Act for the effectual establishment aud confirmation of the 

freeholders of the province aud territories, their heirs aud 
assigns, in their lauds aud tenements i, ) 1700. 

Laws of Del.. 1700 1797. v. I. app.. p. 30. 



264: SOURCE MATERIAL 

1700. A new map of Virginia, Maryland, etc. London, 1 in. — 13 mi., in 
Atlas Major of De Wit. Printed and sold by C. Brown, 1700. 

Note. Boundaries of Md. entire, showing theoretically the results of the 
1685 and 1697 decree. The N. bd. of Md. identical with 40° crossing, 
at lat. of Newcastle, the Susquehanna at mouth of Octoraro. 

April 29. Maryland Council. Proceedings. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., Colonial Records Office, B. T. Md., v. 15, p. 10. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 24, p. 42. 

Abst. Replying to the question of the Goviernor. The Governor asks 
Council "whether the charge therefor [the running of the linej in right 
ought to be borne by the proprietorys between whom the dispute was or 
at the publick charge of this Province." 

April 29. Maryland House of Delegates. Minutes. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc, p. 18. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., Colonial Records, B. T. Md., p. 11. 
ABST. The House decided that the "Publick of this Province ought not 
to be at any part of the charge in running this line.." 

Dec. 3. Letter. Stanford [et aZ] to [Governor Blackistone]. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proc, Liber 8 D, p. 275. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 109-111. 

Abst. "As for the Di^vision Line to be run between Maryland and Pen- 
silvania, Pursuant to the late King James' Order in Council of the 13 
November, 1685. We have Sent to the Lord Baltimore That he may give 
Instructions to his Agents in Maryland to Concurr therewith and accord- 
ing as we receive Answer from him. We shall Informe you." 
1701. 
May 6. Letter. William Penn to Colonel Jinkins and Lieutenant Colonel 
Whittington, or either of them, in Somerset Co. Maryland. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., sier. 1, v. 1, p. 147. 

Abst. Desires peace to be preserved and no disturbance among the Inhabi- 
tants of Cedar Creek nor on this side of Cape Henlopen "for this is 
Cape Cornelius that Privy Council saw in ye old Dutch mapps and as 
was certifyed from Amsterdam under ye Seal of ye Dutch East and West 
Indies Company upon ye trial between Lord Baltimore and himself." 
cf. 1685. 



THE "CIRCULAR" BOUNDARY. 

July 20. Petition of 20 July, 1701. Pennsylvania Assembly to Penn to 
determine boundary line between New Castle and Chester 
Counties. 

Pub. Futhey and Cope, p. 160. 

Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co., p. 18. 

July William Penn. Reply to Pennsylvania Assembly petition to deter- 

mine a boundary between New Castle and Chester Counties. 
And appointing a conference. 

Aug. 28. Warrant. To run circular line of 1701 issued to Isaac Taylor of 
Chester County and Thomas Pierson of New Castle County. 

Ms. Okig. In Phila. Library, according to Armstrong Records of Uoland 
Court, p. 200. In Recorder's Office, Phila. Book. C. 2 No .S n Ififi 
according to Smith's Hist. D«l. Co., p. 206. , • o, y. ioo. 

See Extracts In Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co., p. 18 ; Futhev and Cone d ifiO 
Franklin Inst., J. C, v. 4, July, 1842. ' ^' 

Oct. 31. Agreement about Charter. Wm. Penn and the Lower Counties. 
Pub. Penn and Logan corresp. Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 9, pp. 58, 59. 
Abst. Confirms titles of lands and promises a charter of property. 



1701. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DLXON LINE 265 



Taylor and Pierson. Field notes of survey. "^ 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc. 

Note. Formerly in Franklin Inst. Cf. Journal, Franklin Inst., v. 4, 
July, 1842. 



Dec. 4. [Taylor and Pierson] Report on running of circular boundary 
accompanied by attestation of Justice Cornelius Empson and 
John Richardson of New Castle Co. and Justice Caleb Pusey, 
Philip Roman and Robert Pyle of Chester Co. 

Ms. Copy. Wilmington, Recorder of Deeds Office [Book of Surveys]. 

Misc. Papers, pp. 98, 99. Copied according to Act of General Assembly 

from original papers, 1808. 
See copy of map from Chichester to Western branch of Christina Creek 

showing Newcastle branch. Centre and North line to white oak near 

forks of Brandywine. 

1701. Delaware Circular Boundary. Map of the circle around New- 
castle showing property touched by the tangent. 

Ms. Paechmbnt. 25%x28%. Colored, 1 mile = l% In, 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. See, Calvert Papers, 1047, 1048. 

Ref. to in Armstrong Records, Upland Court, p. 2U0. 

See Futhey and Cope, Hist, of Chester County, p. 160. 

Ashmead, Hist, of Delaware County, p. 618. 

Map. Illustrations of Thomas Campanius Holm's. "A Short 
Description of the Province of New Sweden." 

Ms. Copy. [By Md. Hist. Soc] 1856. 28x141/2. No scale. 

Pa. Hist. Soc. [Penn Ms.]. Off. Corr., p. 213. 
Note. Delaware river settlements. Shows circular dotted line about New- 
castle. 

Thomas Holme, Surveyor General. A map of the Province of 
Pennsilvania. Containing the three countys of Chester, Phila- 
delphia and Bucks, as far as yet Surveyed and Laid out ye 
Division or distinctions made by ye different Coniiers respects 
the Settlements by way of Townships. Dedicated to William 
Penn by John Thornton and Robert Green. 

Copy in possession of Gilbert Cope Winchester shows Naaman's Creek, 
Chichester, Marcus, Hook, Grant and Tracts lying along tirst lines run. 

Facsimile of Holme's map of the Province of Pennsylvania with the names 
of the original purchasers from William Penn begun in 1681. Repub- 
lished by Chas. L. Warner, Phila., 1870. 

May 7. Letter. James Logan to Wm. Penn. 

POB. Penn and Logan corresp. Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 9, pp. 92-101. 
Abst. Newcastle County disapprove of the new circular boundary which 
"they say is swept too far around them." 

June 3. Letter. Secretary Popple to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 28, p. 55, 4 fol. 

Abst. Desires account of his right and title to the soil and title of the 
3 Lower Counties. 

Oct. 12. Maryland Council. Proceedings. 

Ms. Obig. Council Proc, Liber X, p. 293. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, p. 130. 

Abst. Action on Petition of John Jill and John Stokely of Sussex County 

in Pennsylvania postponed "until the dividing Line is run between the 

Province and Pennsylvania." 



X 



)^ 



266 



SOURCE MATERIAL 



1701. 
Dec. 4. Declaration. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Oriq. r. R. O.. B. T., Proprieties, v. 7, L. 6, 4 fol. 
Abst. Showing tlie Queen's title to the 3 Lower Counties. 

Dec. 10. Letter. Secretary Popple to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. Entey. p. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 2S, p. 267, 3 fol. 

Abst. Returns Penn's declaration of Dec. 4 and requests one conformable 



1702/3. 
Feb. 24. 



1703. 
May 11. 



to Order in Council. 

Award of Grand Jury by Chester County Court for running cir- 
cular line dividing this County from County of Newcastle. 

Pi^B. Ashmead. Hist. Del. Co.. p. 19. 
Smith, Hist. Del. Co.. p. :i06. 

Old Court Records. 1st oldest in Prothonotai-y, 2nd in Clerk of 
Court. 

Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Okiq. p. R. O.. B. T., Proprieties, v. 7, L. 2S, 2 fol. 

Abst. Is willing to resign the government of Pa. to the crown. 



May 12. Letter. Secretary Popple to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. Entry. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 2S. p. 314, 2 fol. 
Abst. Asks conditions for his resignation of Pa. 

May IS. Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Oriq. P. K. 0., B. T., Proprieties, v. 7, L. 29, 2 fol. 
Abst. No necessity to write down conditions. Has given enough to lay 
before the Queen. 

May 21. Letter. Board of Trade to Earl of Nottingham. 

Ms. E.NTKv. P. K. O.. B. T., Proprieties, v. 2S, p. 320, 2 fol. 
Abst. Reporting Penn's proposal. 

June 6. Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. OiuC!. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 2S, N. 33, 12 fol. 

Abst. Answers Board's observations on draft of a new charter desired by 
him. 

June 8. Letter. Earl of Nottingham to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Oriq. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 7, L. 35, 2 fol. 
Abst. Her majesty is willing to treat with Penn for Pa. 



June 10. Letter. Secretary Popple to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. Entry. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 2S, p. 338, 2 fol. 
Abst. Submits proposals for yielding Pa. to crown. 

June IS. Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Oriq. P. R. O.. B. T., Proprieties, v. 7, L. 38. 9 fol. 
Abst. Submits proposals for yielding Pa. to crown. 

Case of Pennsylvania from Coll. [John] Evans [Governor of 
Pennsylvania] entered in tlie Maryland Assembly Proceedings. 

Ms. Orig. P. R. O.. B. T. Md.. v. 18, pp. 18-21. 
PiB. Md.^Arch., v. 24, pp. 373-376. 

Abst. The argument is presented with historical summarj- to the effect 
that all suits by Maryland on Inhabitants in the disputed territory should 
be postponed until the division line be run. 



1704. 
April 2S. 



i 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



267 



1704/5. 
Jan. 2. Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Grig. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 8, after N. 1, 5 fol. 

Abst. Offering to surrender government of Pa. on certain conditions. 

Note. He made further Inquiries (Mar. 9). See same vol., N. 26. 

Aug. 22. Letter. James Logan to Wm. Penn. 

Pub. Mem. Pa. Hist. Soc, v. 10, pp. 41-58. 

Abst. A pathetic discussion of Penn's financial straits by the loyal Logian 
and the suggestion that conditions might be improved by selling the 
Government of Pennsylvania to the crown. 

Draft of New Patent to Wm. Penn on granting of which he will 
surrender government of Pa. 

Ms. Copy. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 28, N. 30, 40 fol. 

Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 8, O. 87, 3 fol. 

Absx. Hastening consideration of his proposals for surrender of Pa. 
Note. Referred to Earl of Sunderland Feb. 5. 

Dartmouth, Cecil and others recommending re-uniting of Penn- 
sylvania to the Crown. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS., Off. Corr., v. 1, p. 41. 

Maryland. Acts of Assembly. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 422-423. 

Abst. Imiposes taxes on householders rolling tobacco into Pennsylvania or 
the territories thereto belonging. 

Pennsylvania Council. Minutes regarding address by Governor of 
Maryland to Queen requesting her orders to the Proprietor to 
run Division lines. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Colonial Records, v. 2, p. 362. 

Pub. Hept. Sec'y. Int. Affi. Boundaries, 1887, p. 1. 

Abst. Believes petition fairly drawn but orders that another petition be 
drawn in Pennsylvania. 

Letter. Secretary Popple to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. Entry. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 30, p. 30, 1 fol. 
Abst. Asks him to attend Board of Trade about the boundaries. 

Feb. 2,1. Letter. Mr. Conway Ratcliff [Radcliffe?] to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R, O., B. T., Md., v. 5, H. 63, 1 fol. 
Abst. On observations made on Palmer's Island. 

March 3. Letter. Wm. Penn to Secretary Popple. 

Ms. Ohio. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 9, p. 26, 3 fol. 

Abst. Promises to give an account of the boundary proceedings. 

Note. Penn was urged Mar. 10 to hasten this report (see same MSS., v. 30, 
p. 35) and on requesting Mar. 29 (see v. 9, p. 28) a month's time was 
given until April 26th by the Board (see v. 30, p. 36). 



1705. 

May. 



1706/7. 
Jan. 29. 



Feb. 5. 



1707. 
April 15. 



April 28. 



1707/8. 
Feb. 20. 



1708. 
July 2. 



Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 9, p. 45, 3 fol. 

Abst. Encloses declaration of Crown's right to 3 Lower Counties. 



268 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1708. 
Aug. 29. Letter. Secretary Popple to W. Penn and Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Entry. P. R. O., B. T., Md., v. 11, p. 54, 1 fol. 

Abst. Desires them to come to agreement about boundary line to lay 
before the Board by Oct. 12 next. 

Dec. 18. Letter. Secretary Popple to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. Entry. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 37, p. 71, 1 fol. 

Abst. Requests immediate transmission of intended agreement with Bal- 
timore. 
1708/9. 
Jan. 9. Petition. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Queen Anne. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 22, pp. 425-426. 

Abst. Asks that Order of 13 Nov., 1685, be set aside on the ground that 
it was founded on false statement of facts and that the division line be 
run and the lower counties be adjudged to him. See Pa. Hist. Soc. 
Mem., V. 1, p. 216. 

Jan. 9. Order Royal Council referring Lord Baltimore's petition to Board 
of Trade. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., B. T., Md., v. 25, H. 84, 7 fol. 

Jan. 12. The case against Lord Baltimore relating to the bounds. Wm. 
Penn to the Board of Trade. 

Ms. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 9, p. 52, 9 fol., cf. Sabin, No. 59687. 

Jan. 13. Summons. Board of Trade to Wm. Penn. 

Ms. Entky. p. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 37, p. 85, 1 fol. 
Abst. To attend on Baltimore's petition. 

Jan. 27. Petition. Wm. Penn to Queen Anne. Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, 
p. 427. 
Abst. Asks dismissal of Lord Baltimore's petition of Jan. 9. 

Jan. 27. Order of Queen Anne in Council in dismissing petition of Charles, 
Lord Baltimore. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 23 ; p. 427. 

Puttick & Simpson [auction] catalogue No. 269, London, 1872, for copy 
endorsed by Wm. Penn. 

Mar. 10. Letter. Governor John Seymour to [Board of Trade]. 

Ms. Okig. p. R. O.. B. T., Md.. v. 5. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 267-270. 

Abst. "Hopes to have royal command about running out the Northern 
Lyne of this province, or to heare my Lord Baltimore and Mr. Penn have 
adjusted that matter between themselvies." 
1709. 
April 6. Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. ORiGf P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 9, p. 60, 1 fol. 

Abst. Desires copies of letters and orders given on boundaries. 

April 16. Petition of William Penn to Queen Anne in Council asking that 
officers of both proprietors obey the order of 1685. 

Cf. Pa. Ardb., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 428. 

Note. Petition was referred to ascertain matters of fact. 



RESTJRVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



269 



1709. 

May 19. 



Charles, Lord Baltimore to Queen Anne, 3 p. 



fol. 



Petition. 
1709. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 23, p. 428. 

Cf. Coleman Catalogue, Penn Papers, 1870, No. 299. 

Abst. Counter petition to controvert that of Penn (16 Apr. 1709) de- 
claring hie never was heard in his own defense in proceedings of 1685. 
(This was contrary to the facts and both petitions were thrown out by 
the Order of 23 June 1709.) 

June 9. Letter. Wm. Penn to Secretary Popple. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., B. T., Md., v. 5, H. 89, 1 fol. 

Abst. Aslrs for copy of the part of Baltimore's charter which relates to 
boundaries. 

June 23. Order. Queen Anne in Council. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn. MSS. "Boundaries," p. 16. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 24, p. 429. Coleman Catalogue, Penn 
Papers, 1870, No. 103. 
Abst. Dismissing, after a full hearing, a petition of Charles, Lord Balti- 
more, praying to be heard against an Order of Council dated 13 Nov. 
1685. 

Map. North America. By John Senex. London. 37%x25 Col. 
1 in. — 150 mi. Lib. Cong. 

Note. This is the first map by Senex (afterwards employed by both pro- 
prietors to make the map attached to the Agreement of 1732) and shows 
the northern boundary of Md. above 40° and extending to Alleghany 
Mts. The western boundary of Md. inclines at an angle following the 
tops of the mountains. This line by many later map-makers is adopted 
as the line between Md. and Pa. thus making a crooked line. In his 1719 
ed. the Potomac crosses the boundary at the site of Ft. Cumberland. Cf. 
also his atlas of 1721 and his 1735 map of Va. 



Letter. Lord Dartmouth to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Okig. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 9, p. 100, 14 fol. 

Abst. Encloses Penn's memorial proposing to surrender Pa. to the Crown. 

Letter. Wm. Penn to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Obig. p. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 9, Q. 4, 8 fol. 

Abst. Offer to surrender Pa. for £20,000 payable in 7 years. 

Cf. Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 2, p. 117 who states ^1,000 was actually paid on 

£12,000 agreed on, confusing this with the original debt of the Crown 

to Admiral Penn. 

Report. Board of Trade to Lord Dartmouth. 

Ms. Entet. p. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 30, p. 254, 17 fol. 

Abst. Representations to Queen on Penn's proposal. 

[Mar.] 14. Letter. William Penn to Governor Gookin. 

POB. Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 4, pp. 210-212. 

Abst. "I hope . . .to get the Division Line run between me and 



July 31. 



Dec. 7. 



1710/11. 
Feb. 13. 



1711. 
Dec. 19. 



the Lord Baltimore." 
of Pa. 



Is now treating for surrender of his government 



Letter. James Logan to Henry Gould and Silvanus Grove. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 28-30. 

Abst. "Till the Gov. can fully settle the Division lines between him & ye 
Ld Baltimore, which cannot be effectually done, I doubt, till a sur- 
render." 



270 



SOTJECE MATERIAL 



1712/13. 
Feb. 26. 



Probated Nov. 171S. 



1712. 
May 12. Letter. Geo. Dakeyne to James Logan. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 67. 

Abst. Says Lord Baltimore's agents have offered him large money to give 
them draft of Newcastle County ; that he refused but that Sherman, 
county surveyor of SufEolk, had given one. 

May 27. Will of William Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 1, pp. 219-222. 

Proud, Hist. Pa., v. 2, pp. 114-118. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 438. 
Note. Will without date confirmed. May 27, 1712. 

Letter. James Logan to Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 31-35. 

Abst. Complains of differences in methods for granting lands in Penn- 
sylvania and Mai-yland to the disadvantage of the former. Of Cape Hen- 
lopen says "nobody here has any notion of any other, tho' the old Dutch 
map expresses it othenvise." Of 40° says "if taken according to com- 
mon acceptation, I have more reason than I care to mention to suspect 
that ye line will fall much more to the Northwd than has generally been 
appointed." 

Letter. Chas. Calvert to the Deputies at Philadelphia. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1075. 

Abst. ^ iRecommends neighborly understanding to take 40° N. lat. as Mary- 
land's northern boundary. Denies having surveyed lands north of this. 

Letter. James Logan to Governor Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 36-39. 

Abst. Refers to rumor that Deeds from Duke of York to Penn were 

passed before the patent was issued from the King to James. [They 

wene by more than six monthl. 



1713. 
June 9. 



Sept. 8. 



1714. 

May 29. 



1715. 
April 26. 



Letter. James Logan to Thomas Gray. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 41-45. 

Abst. Concerning Lord Baltimore's observations to fix 40° and line from 
Octoraro on Susquehanna to Delaware. Says through ignorance or Intent 
they erred on the side that favors them. Says Cape Henlopen is wrongly 
placed on Old Dutch map which was then in possession of William Penn. 



May 28. 



Maryland. Act of Assembly. 

Cf. Md. Statute Book, fol. 73. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 430. 

Abst. One of several acts imposing duties on goods imported from Penn- 
sylvania. This was applied to the Lower Counties as well, indicating 
that they were then regarded as extra Maryland territory. 

Confirmation of Taylor and Pierson Surveys by Pennsylvania 
Assembly. Act of 28 May, 1715. 

See: Dallas, Laws of Pa., v. 1, p. 105. 

Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co., p. 19. 

Smith, Hist. Del. Co., p. 222. 
Note. Confirms survey of circular boundary made in 1701. 

June 2. Letter. Hannah Penn to James Logan. 

Cf. Armlsted, Memoirs of Jas. Logan, Lond., 1861. 

Abst. Why perfecting of the agreement is dropped for awhile. 

Aug. 15. Resolution. Committee House of Commons. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. 0., B. T., v. 10, Q. 32, 1 fol. 

Abst. Calls on Board of Trade for hooks and papers relating to charter 
and proprietary governments in America. 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 271 

1716. 
Oct. 28. Letter. James Logan to [William Penn]. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn Mss. Papers "relating to the three lower 
counties," x, p. 113. 

Abst. Has seen an old Dutch map of Delaware. Finds the river being 
first discovered by Cornelius May. He called the first Cape by his sur- 
name, Cape May, and the south cape, Cape Cornelius. At the same time, 
Henlopen was the name of the "false cape," 20 miles from there, [cape 
Cornelius] ; but in the process of time it was transferred to the main 
south cape. This is important, for hereupon depends the division of 
Sussex from Mai-yland to the south. 

Dec. 29. Letter. Secretary Stanhope to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Oeig. p. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 10, Q. 110, 5 fol. 
Abst. Enclosing memorial from Earl of Sutherland for grant of 3 Lower 
Counties. 

1715. Claims of the Proprietors of Maryland and Pennsylvania stated. 

Ms. Copy. Amer. Philos. Soc, 12 pp. stitched between parchments with 
Minutes of Trade and Plantations, Nov. 13, 168-5. 
Amer. Philos. Soc, 12 pp. Lacks pages 9-12 of preceding and has 
additional note on f. 2 (after "than 15 miles over") in different 
handwriting attached by pin. Also interlineations and verbal 
changes in later hand. 
Md. Hist Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 255. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 7, p. 72. 

Note. Said to have been written by James Logan. 
1716/17. 
Feb. 13. Letter. Secretary Popple to Attorney and Solicitor Generals. 

Ms. Entry. P. R. O., B. T., v. 31, p. 70, 2 fol. 

Abst. Asking opinion on Earl of Sutherland's petition. 

Feb. 23. Summons of Edward Northey to William Penn to appear at his 
Chambers in Pump Island in Middle Temple to hear considered 
the memorial of John Earl of Sutherland for grant of three 
Lower Counties. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off Corr., v. 1, p. 51. 

1717. Letter. Governor Hart. Interrogations proposed to Charles 
Carroll of Maryland by Governor John Hart. 

Ms. Okig. p. R. O., "Forfeited Estate." T. 2. 

Pub. Amer. Cath. Hist. Researches, v. 8, Apr. 1891, pp. 83-86. 

Mar. 27. Letter. Earl of Sutherland to Board of Trade. 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O., B. T., Propr., v. 10, Q. 115, 1 fol. 

Abst. Desires copy of Penn's declaration on Crown's right to 3 Lower 
Counties. 

May 29. Letter. James Logan to Mrs. Penn and Mr. Goldney. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 50-53. 

Abst. Has doubts whether date of King's patent to Duke was prior to 
Deeds of Duke to Wm. Penn. [Tliey were not] 

June 13. Delaware Assembly. To the Honorable William Keith, Esq., with 
the Royal approbation. Lieut. Governor of the Counties of 
Newcastle, Kent and Sussex, upon Delaware and the Province 
of Pennsylvania. The Konbie address of the representatives of 
the said counties in General Assembly at Newcastle, 13 June 
1717 [on his first meeting them]. 

Printed by Andrew Bradford, Phila. 1717, 3 p. fol., excessively rare. 

An interesting paper giving a summary of the history of the three counties 

on Delaware. 
Cf. Puttick & Simpson [auction] catl. libraries of Wm. Penn, London, 1872. 

No. 845. 



272 



SOUKCE MATERIAL, 



1717. 

Oct. 21. Report on Petition of Earl of Sutherland to King for grant of the 
three Lower Counties. 6 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 258-259. 

Note. Petition presented Dec. 29, 1716. [Same as Nov. 18. 1725?] 
Progress of Earl's claim can be traced in P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v. 10, 

Q. 110 ; V. 31, p. 70 ; v. 10, Q. pp. 115, 134. Cf. Dixon, Penn, p. 325, 

footnote. 

Oct. 28. Letter and Opinion. Edward Northey and William Thomson to 
King. Opinion on Earl of Sutherland's Request for three 
Lower Counties. 

Ms. Oeig. P. R. O., B. T., Amer. and W. Ind., v. 388, 60 fol. 
Ms. Copy. P. R. O., B. T., Proprieties, v^ 10, A 134, 57 fol. 
Pub. Chalmer's Opinions, p. 39. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 432-437. 

Abst. "And we do most liumbly Certify your Ma.iesty that the said 
William Penn is entitled under the Grant of King Charles the Second 
to the Plantation of Pensilvania But that these Counties are not included 
in such Grant and His Title to Pensilvania is not now Contested." 
1718. 
Oct. 1. Letter. James Logan to Simon Clement. 

Ms. Ohig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. OfE, Corn, v. 1, p. 79. 

Abst. Reviews Dnke of York's right to 3 Lower Counties which if severed 
"not only the trade and navy of the Province would be ruined but it 
might deeply offset the family's estate even in the province." 

Oct. 28. [Minutes of a Conference] taken by consent of both parties at a 
meeting between Governors of Maryland and Pennsylvania held 
at Colonel Hynson's house, 28 Oct. 1718. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proc., Liber X, pp. 72-74. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 407-408. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 3, v. 4, p. 61. 

Pa. col. Riec, v. 3, pp. 51-53. 

Abst. Deals chiefly with the Nottingham tract. See also Pa. Col. Rec, 
V. 3, pp. 161. 

Nov. 18. Deed. Poll of Appointment by Hannah Penn to John Penn 
iet al.) 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 54 ; v. 16, pp. 25-26, pp. 439-440. 
1718/19. 
Jan. 29. Opinion. Fra. Amesley on will of Wm. Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc, Mem., v. 1, pp. 227, 228. 
Abst. Favorable to Penn. 

Jan. 31. Opinion. Js. Hungerford on will of Wm. Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc, Mem., v. 1, pp. 226, 227. 

Abst. Devise of Pa. to two trustie earls is good as is devise of lands to 
Hanna Penn. 

Mar. 6. Letter. Lucian Clements to J. Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 1, pp. 23.3-238. 

Abst. Clement, uncle to Hannah Penn, says Ld. Baltimore will let bound- 
ary contest rest until he is of age when he hopes to be accommodated. 
1719. 
July 21. "Delaware" Assembly Act of 21 July, 1719, repealing Act of 28 
May, 1718 corroborating circular line between Chester and New- 
castle Counties. 

See : Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co., p. 19. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 273 

1719. 

Aug. 7. Letter. Lords Commissions Trade and Plantations to [?] 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser, 1, v. 3, p. 222. 
Abst. Asked to return true boundaries. 

Sept. 24. Opinion. G. Savage on will of Wm. Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Hist. Soc, Mem., v. 1, pp. 225, 229. 
Abst. Devise to Hanna Penn is void. 

The case of William Penn, Proprietary and Governor-in-Chief of 
Pennsylvania and Territories, against the Lord Baltimore's 
Pretensions to a Tract of Land in America, Granted to the said 
"William Penn in the year 1672, by his then Royal Highness, 
James Duke of York, adjoyning to the said Province, com- 
monly called the Territories thereof, [n. p. 1682-17201, fol. 1 
leaf. 

Cf. Sabin's Diet. No. 59, p. 672. 
1719/20. 
Jan. 29. Letter. James Logan to Hannah Penn. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 6, p. 89. 
Abst. Boundary uncertainties have created such a disturbance that the 
inhabitamts will not even by armed force pay taxes till the decision as to 
which is proprietor. 
1720. 

Sept. The humble petition of Hannah, the widow of William Penn, 
Esqr., the late proprietor and governor of the province of Penn- 
sylvania, to Their Excellencies the Lords Justices of Great 
Britain. 

Ms. CorT. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 17. 

Abst. Reviev/s the history of the proprietary affairs of Pennsylvania from 
the time of the grant in 1680 by King Charles II to the negotiations with 
the late Queen [Anne] for the sale of the three lower counties to Her 
Majesty, left unfinished by reason of her death. States that the Penn 
family had been disturbed in the possession of these three lower counties 
by the late Lord Baltimore, who lay claim thereto as lying within the 
limits of his patent for Maryland. Notwithstanding the order of the 
late King James II in council in 1685, confirmed by the late Queen in 
1709, his lordship's [Baltimore] agents have never conformed thereto. 
Prays that the tract referred to be passed upon in order that the title 
and inheritance may be strengthened and confirmed and that a peremp- 
tory may be given to enforce the settling of the limits with the lord 
Baltimore, according to the before mentioned order in council. Copy 
lenclosed with letter of the Chief Justice referring the matter to the 
lords and commissioners for trade and foreign plantations. 8 p. text, 
7 p. F. 

Sept. 12. Order. The Lord Justices in Council. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 17. 

Abst. Refers the petition, copy of which Is annexed, of Hannah Penn, 
praying for peremptory order to enforce the siettling of the limits of 
their boimdaries, to the lord commissioners of trade and plantations to 
consider the object referring to the boundaries and to report what should 
ibe done. Auto-signed Temple Stainyan. Stamped with the royal seal. 
Endorsed. 2 p. text 1, p. fol. 

1720. Penn Hannah. The case of Hannah Penn, the widow and 
executrix of William Penn Esq., late Proprietor and Governor 
of Pensilvania [reciting historically the grants to Penn and 
others, and protesting against the pretensions of Lord Suther- 
land] [Lond. 1720] A. folio broadsheet "a scarce and important 
historical paper." 

Cf. No. 543 in Puttick and Simpson [miction] catalogue of the libraries of 
William Penn, London 1872. 



274 



SOUKCE MATERIAL, 



1721/2. 
Jan. 19. 



Mar. 2. 



1721. 

Aug. 21. Deposition. Adam Short of Christinia River upon Delaware but 
late of Cecil County in Maryland. Concerning an unlawful 
force Committed by David Evans of Welch Tract. 

Ms. Orig. Council Proc, 1721-1727, Liber X, pp. 14-18. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 25, p. 370. 

Abst. Deals with a tract of land near the Circular boundary. 

Proclamation By Lt. Governor [Charles Calvert]. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Council Proc, Liber X, pp. 58-63. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 280. 

P0B. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 398-402. 

Abst. The proclamation contains the order of Council of 13 Nov. 1685 and 
claims that the lands toward the Chesapeake and the Susquehanna 
. . . ought in no wise to be taken or deem'd as any part of the land 
in difference between the Proprietors of Maryland and Pennsylvania. 

Clainis to 40° on strength of Ld. Baltimore's observations of latitude 
Sept. 24, 1682, at Upland, and again in 1683. 

A Plain View of all that has been done or Publickly talked for 
the 20 years last by past concerning the Boundaries of the 
Provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 264. 
Council Proc, Liber X, pp. 67-74. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 404-408. 

Abst. Reviews the trip of Charles Baltimore to the head of the Susque- 
hanna in 1682 the running of the line from Octoraro Creek, the escorting 
of Mr. Penn in 1700 to the same point and limits of Nottingham grant. 
The claim is made that the astronomical observations made by Charles 
Carroll with a quadrant were incorrect as the determination has been 
examined by Mr. Logan. Recites how the Pennsylvania Commissioners 
had agreed not to grant any land southward of the Octoraro line but 
that public surveys had been made, at least 30 miles north of this line. 
It also includes an account of the meeting between Governor Hart of 
Maryland and Keith of Pennsylvania at Coloniel Hynson's house, 28 
Oct. 1718. 

Pennsylvania Council. Minutes. 

Pdb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 168-170. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 380-381. 

Abst. Speech of Gov. Keith. Says he laid out 500 acres on west side of 
Susquehannah for himself April 4 & 5. Governor lays before board a 
commission to Jas. Pidgeon (in which he mentions agreement between 
himseilf and Governor of Maryland, dated 31, March, that no surveys 
should be made by any private person on west side of Susquehannah) 
empowering him to forbid all such surveys. Agents of the Proprietors 
6ay they ordered Jas. Steel to lay out lands beyond Susquehannah. 

Commitment of Phil. Syng. 

Pdb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 185-186. 

Abst. Arrested for surveying by a Maryland right, land west of Susque- 
hannah which Markham had surveyed for himself. 

June 18. Letter. Governor Keith to Council of Pennsylvania. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 3, p. 179. 

Pa. Col. Rec. v. 3, pp. 188-189. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v 1, p. 391. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 4, t. 1, pp. 391-392. 
Abst. Has suggested to Indians that they survey large tract to Penns 
opposite Conestoga before it is surveyed by Maryland license. Suggests 
extension of the Octoraro Line westward. 

June 18. Warrant for surveying the Manor of Springetsbury. 

Pdb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 194-195. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, Prop. Manors. 
Abst. Opposite mouth of Conestoga 10 miles W. S. W. ; then N. N. W., 

12 miles; then E. N. E. to comer of "Newbury" [Keith's new survey]; 

thence S. S. E. by lines of "Newbery" to Susquehannah and thence by 

river to beginning. 



1722. 
Apr. 18. 



Hay 28. 



EESTJEVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



275 



1722. 

June 20. Letter. Pennsylvania Council to Governor Keith. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 189-190. 

Abst. Will take no position on survey of lands but think Octoraro line 
sliould not be run except with consent of Grovemor of Maryland. 

June 23. Letter. Governor Keith to Governor Calvert. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 193-194. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 395-897. 

Abst. Says that at request of Indians he had laid off large tract of land 
on west side of Susquehannah for the Penns. 

July 19. Letter. Philemon Lloyd to Charles, Lord Baltimore, asking for 
instruments to observe 40°. 

Ms. Okig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1078. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 25-28. 

Abst. Tells of events in Maryland and of his expected survey near 
Philadelphia. 

Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Philemon Lloyd. 

Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 29. 

Abst. State® he is willing to have law suit with Pennsylvania. 

July 30. Letter. Philemon Lloyd to [partners?] 

Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 42-54. 

Abst. A letter of personal explanations obscurely hinting at an attempt to 
get evidence regarding the settlement of Delaware under pretense of 
studying the boundaries of St. Augustine Manor. [Did this have to do 
with arrest of Van Bibber?] 

Sept. 11. Letter. Phil. Lloyd to Lord Baltimore. 9 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1081. 

Abst. Tells of his trip to Conestoge and offers to survey the Limits of 
Lord Baltimore's provinces on the north and west sides. 

Oct. 8. Letter. Philemon Lloyd to Copartners. 

Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 54-68. 

Abst. Urging settlements on north and west of Susquehanna, as Pennsyl- 
vania will take all lands above Octoraro line unless something is done. 

Nov. 5. Directions of Pa. Council respecting boundaries. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Council Proc, Liber X, pp. 79-85. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 412-415. 

Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 223-226. 
Abst. Deals with the Nottingham tract and also with arrest of Isaac 
Taylor and Elisha Gatchall. 



1722/3. 
Jan. 5. 



Maryland Council. Proceedings. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Council Proc, Liber X, pp. 56-63. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, p. 397-402. 

Abst. Governor Charles Calvert acquaints the Council "with several 
Incroachments of Pennsylvania and particularly that Isaac Taylor and 
Elisha Gatchell had run out several Lines in this province and threatened 
Several persons . . . and likewise that very lately they had taken 
up Mr. Vanbebber the chief Justice of Cecil County court for no other 
Offense real or pretended than for running out some lines in the wild 
forests, up and down the Branches of Appquinomick Creek in order to 
discover the true location of Saint Augustine's Manners Western 
Limit." 



276 SOURCE MATERIAI. 

1722/3. 
Mar. 2. Maryland Council. Proceedings. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proc, Liber X, pp. 66-90. 

Fob. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 403-418. 

Abst. Includes several papers such as "A Plain View," meeting of Gov- 
ernors Hart and Keith at Col. Hynson's house, 28 Oct. 1718 ; order for 
the deposition of John Hall and Major Sewall ; order for papers from 
Charles Carroll, instructions to Bennett and Nicholas Lowe; extract of 
proceedings of council held in Pennsylvania 5 Nov. 1722, opinion of 
Danie. Dulany regarding Isaac Taylor and Catchall ; order to examine 
witness against Taylor and Gatchell. 
1723. 
April 9. Letter. James Logan to Henry Goldney. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 70-73. 

Abst. Sends account of Taylor and Gatchel arrests to be shown to Lord 
Baltimore and the King. Says Lloyd pushes all for his own interests. 

July 29. Letter. Charles Calvert to Governor William Keith. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 3, p. 222. 

Pa, Col. Rec, v. 3, d. 234. 
Abst. "On Sept. 10-12 next will observe 40° on West side Susquehanna." 

Aug. 1. Letter. Clement to Governor William Keith. 2 pp. ms. 12 mo.. 
unsigned. Preliminary draft. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Off. Corr., v., 1683-1727, p. 131. 

Abst. Conference between Penn and Baltimore. Northern boundary dis- 
cussed. Penns hold to "peninsula," Baltimore to 40° ?. Planned ob- 
servations on Susquehanna but Penns subsequently decline. Irregular 
temporary boundary between settleTuents suggested. 

Aug. 3. Letter. Governor Keith to Governor Calvert. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 235-236 

Abst. If Maryland officials, with or without authority of Proprietors, 

attempt to make observation or run line North of Octoraro, it will be 

opposed. Asks for a conference. 

Aug. 19. Letter. Governor Charles Calvert to Governor Keith 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, p. 237. 

Abst. Says he plans to be at Bald Fryar on 9, September on his way to 
take observations. 

Sept. 4. Letter. Governor William Keith to Governor Charles Calvert. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 3, p. 222. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 415-418. 
Abst. Reply to notification as to proposed re-survey of 40th degree of 
latitude on west side of Susquehanna. 

1723. Case of Isaac Taylor and Elisha Gatchell. Two officers of Penn- 
sylvania made prisoners by the Government of Maryland. 2 p. 
f. printed at Phila. 1723. 

Cf. Coleman Coll., Penn Papers, 1870, No. 437, Sabin, No. 59957. 
1723/4. 

Feb. 17. Agreement between Charles, Lord Baltimore and Hannah Penn; 
Joshua Gee and Henry Gouldney. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 349-350 (extract), ser. 2, v. 16, p. 28. 
( &xtrfl.ct ^ 
Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 244-245. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 440. 

Feb. 25. Letter. Hannah Penn to Sir William Keith. 

Cf. lettjer of 20 May 1724. , ■ ; 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 277 

1724. 
April 11. A case stated with opinions of Sir Clement Wearg. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 504-507. 

Abst. Quotes charters of Pennsylvania and Maryland and gives opinion 
favorable to Penns. 

May 23. A case stated with opinion by Sir Philip Yorke. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 504, 505, 506. 

Abst. Same case and similar opinion. 

May 5. Letter. Governor Keith to Governor Calvert. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, p. 245. (See also pp. 232, 224). 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 419-420. 
Abst. Enclosing agreement of 1724. 

May 15. Proclamation of agreement by Governor Keith of Pennsylvania. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 320. 

One leaf folio printed in Phila., 1724. Cf. Sabin No. 59730; Evans Am. 

bibl., v. 1, No. 2577. 
Abst. Announces agreement between the Penns and Baltimore, 

May 20. Letter. Hannah Penn to Sir William Keith. 4 pp. ms. fol. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, p. 147. 

Pub. Printed in Phila., 1724, cf. Evans, Amer. Bibliog., v. 1, No. 2576. 

Abst. In her last of 25 Feb. she inclosed agreement made with Lord 
Baltimore for quieting the people of both Provinces as to the borders. 
Gives instructions on several heads as to the government of the 
Province. States that "We have had lately a meeting with Lord Balti- 
more upon ye settling ye boundaries & though we cannot yet come to an 
agreement therein yet his Lordsp seems no less disposed than we are to 
Determine that dispute some way or other as soon as possible wch we 
hope may be dome within the time agreed upon for a Mutual cessation." 
She directs that possible encroachments of Marylanders be prevented. 

1725. The case of the three Lower Counties on Delaware, in America 
(claimed at this time by the Penn family) with respect to the 
property of the lands, and the government of the people. [Lon- 
don 1725?] broadside fol. 

Cf. Puttick & Simpson, lib. of Wm. Penn, London, 1872, No. 892. 
Abst. "This is a brief historical statement against the claims of the 
Penn family as to these Three counties." 

1725. Report of Lord Commissioners of Trade and Plantations on 
memorial of William Penn to surrender all his powers of gov- 
ernment for a consideration, etc. Harley to Attorney-General. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, p. 147. 

Ms. Copx. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, p. 191. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 440. 

July 12. Letter. James Logan to Hannah Penn. 8 pp. ms. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc., Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, pp. 194-195. 

Abst. Urges that her son John is the fittest [to] "collect and digest into 
heads" all that has been done in her affairs and to concert measures to 
"end the dispute with Baltimore by an accommodation or to secure from 
the King and Council an injunction against violence or grants of land 
while the suit is pending." End your family dispute by able persons or 
otherwise accommodate it by an- agreement. Cf. claims of ignorance 
and inexperience made by John Penn in Bill of 1735. 

Nov. 18. ' Petition of Earl of Sunderland for a grant of the three Lower 
Counties on Delaware in America. 

Ms. Copx. N. Y. State Records. 
Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. 
Abst. Asked on account of alleged ineflSciency of Penn'a government 
[Same as Oct. 21, 1717?]. 



278 SOUKCE MATEKIAL 

1725/6. 

Jan.. 6. Appointment to meet at the Attorney General's Chambers In 
Lincoln's Inn to consider Petitions of the Earl of Sutherland 
praying for a grant of land "lying upon Delaware Bay." 

Ms. Copx. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 286. 

Feb. 1. Letter. James Logan to Hannah Penn. 4 pp. ms. Endorsed 
"Rec'd 3rd May, 1726, p. J. Penn." 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, p. 185. 

Abst. Because no mention of the Proprietor [Penn] was made in the 
charter, to the city of Newcastle, the people thought the three lower 
counties belonged solely to the King. A dispute arose whether the 
Chester-Newcastle boundary should be the Circular Line run in 1701 or 
12 miles measured by the new 5 mile limits of the town "which would 
take in a ring of 5 miles more out of the Province and throw even the 
Town of Chester into Newcastle County" . . . Desires on account 
of failing health to retire but adds "If any Lines however are to be run 
on the Settlement with Maryland you may I hope depend on my 
assistance." [Note Logan's activity several years later]. 

Mar. 15. Address from the Lower Counties to the King [never presented]. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Copy made 1726. 

Abst. Asked that no change be made in their condition on account of 
doubt in title or application for grants. 

Mar. 22. Letter. Charles Lowe to Phil. Lloyd. 5 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copx. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1083. 
Abst. Regards title of Penns to Three Lower Counties as invalid. Asks 
that evidences be looked up to prove possession and jurisdiction by Lord 
Baltimore. 
1726. 
Apr. 17. Letter. James Logan to John Penn. 4 pp. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, p. 217. 

Abst. Referring to Lord Sutherland's application for the lower coimties, 
reviews the Duke of York's grants to Penn and wherein they are 
deficient. The Duke had no sufficient title himself from the King to any 
land on the West side of the Delaware. "Thy father therefore was at 
ye charge of a Patent from the King to his brother for all these counties 
from which he was further to confirm them to thy father but King 
Charles dying before this could be effected a patent was ordered and 

finished for the great seal where it stopped 

But on these titles all the lands of those counties that were of value 
have been taken up ... by people . . . with no other scruple 
than the lands in another part of the King's domion in America . . . 
One great point to be labored with is the inequality of the thing in 
admitting any overhawl of such ancient original settlements in a new 
country in order to gratify the avarice of a courtier." 

Oct. 17. Letter. James Logan to John Penn. 18 pp. ms. (2 postscripts) 
2 pp. blank. O. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, p. 217. 
Abst. Had hoped that by this time everything desired that could be 
procured "in this suit" [with Baltimore] would have been furnished. 
. . . Reports that investigation of Mr. Steel in Virginia show Smith's 
map was the plan from which the Maryland Charter was drawn. Includes 
certified copies of various documents and explains why others cannot 
be found at Va. and Newcastle. "In your dispute with Ld. Baltimore 
you know your strength lies wholly on word Bay or Ostuarium the penin- 
sula and therefore on and the old maps and 

some ? on ye Ld Baltimore's own land, [book and map?] But Capt 
Smith's map Jointly with the Ld Baltemore own in Sr H. Sloan's 

book or without it will be of vast importance • . . in 

this that was described in ye patent from Smith's map on all whch If 
sufliciently explained may be of vast advantage to you. And from ye 
same map though Delaware is not laid down in it yet those 6 pirchs 
to ye Eastward wch represent the sea or water bent in Westward to ye 
Head of Chesapeake Bay to make an Isthmus there and therefore to be 
regarded so far as it can affect you. Any difficulty is that this map 
I layes the 40th degree about 6 miles above ye Heed of ye Bay whereas 



EESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 2Y9 

1726. 

Ld Baltimore in his book makes tliem exactly coincide. But a strong 
[inferencel from hence that the Ld Bait, was sensible he was by uiten- 
tion of the grant bound up to the Peninsula and therefore brought 

the latitude to ye very head of the Bay truly 

lie about 5 or 6 miles up the river Susquehannah from the mouth of 
it . . ." 

Oct. 28. Letter. James Logan to John Penn Esq. To be left at ye 
Pensilvania Cofee House, in Bircher Lane, London. 1 p. ms. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-172T, p. 251. 

Abst. Last weiek he sent in a small Dale [deal wood?] box a collection of 
papers. Has since had a conference with D. Lloyd and he assures him 
that about the time of the Rievolution he received a letter from Phil. 
Ford [Penn's Agt] stating "that a patent from King James to thy father 
or the lower counties has been finished for the seal which would have 
been passed had not that turn of affairs prevented it. And he can't 
believe (he says) but it may still be found either in the Hanaper ov 
Inrollmt oflBce," cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16. 

Dec. 12. Letter. James Logan to John Penn. 8 pp. ms. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. OS. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, p. 233. 
Last 4 pp. will be found on p. 255. 

Abst. Outlines work done in getting evidence from old records. If Balti- 
more when defeated in the matter of the title to the Lower counties 
"pleads hardship of the disappointment as a merit entitling him at least 
to all his grant will give him besides outside the Lower counties that is 
to come up to the true 40 degree and here you will certainly have a nice 
point to manage on that very consideration I have mentioned. Yet this 
must be seriously labored with for should he gain that point you will 
lose a very great part of the settlement of Chester County and every- 
thing that is valuable on Sasquehannah. Therefore since you are in 
possession I can think of no other way than to make him some benefit 
allowance in Patowmeck." 
1727. 
July 10. Letter. James Logan to John Penn. 4 pp. ms. 1 postscript. 1 p. 
blank. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, p. 28:5. 

Abst. All possible endeavors were used at New York to procure the act 
of settlement or body of laws passed by the Duke of York, but they are 
not to be found either in the Secretary's office where all other records 
are kept or in any other hands which very much surprised me. I am 
persuaded thy father had them but they were not left here. He left no 
papers at Pensbury and but very few with me. What he did leave were 
all very carefully preserved. They had them [Duke of York's laws] 
once at Newcastle but a good many of their old records are lost, . . . 

Sept. 23. Letter. James Logan to John Penn. 1 p. ms. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Off. Corr., v. 1, 1683-1727, p. 2S7. 

Abst. Herewith comes an affadavit which I believe will effectually cleai- 
up that point of distance between the heads of the Bays and that of 
Delaware and Susquehannah in the Latitude of Phila. Yet not bein°- 
fully drawn to my mind or in a method so intelligible to your lawyers 
who in such matters are almost impenetrable. 

Oct. 31. Proclamation. IMaryland Council Proceedings. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Council Proc, Liber X, pp. 195-196. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 488-489. 

Abst. Charging sheriffs to aid Marylanders in repelling encroiachments 
and to seize all such aggressors as are found encroaching, who are to 
be dealt with according to law. Issued to aU the counties on the Eastern 
Shore, Prince George's and Baltimore. 

Dec. 6. Letter. James Logan to John Penn. 3 pp. ms. 1 blank. Post- 
script dated Philadia 9 Apr. 1728 and signed by J. Logan. 

Abst. Calls attention to Ms proposal from Deal [Delaware] of a larse 
allowance on Patowmeck to the Lord Baltimore that you mav keen 
Nottingham. That river is of great value to him whether it mav Drove 
so to you if you had it is doubtful. ^ h "vc 



280 



SOTJKCE MATERIAL. 



1728. 

Nov. 11. 



1728/9. 
Jan. 30. 



Letter. Proprietaries to James Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 110-112. 

Abst. Advise the discouragement of settling on lands towards Maryland. 

Instructions. Charles, Lord Baltimore to his agent Matthew 
Tilghman Ward. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 293%, pp. 12, 13. 

Abst. "You are to allow my Land-Warrants to such people who apply or 
are residing in, or have possessions in that part which is now in dis- 
pute between me and the Peensylvanians." 

.1729. Letter. Proprietaries to James Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 129-137. 

Abst. Thinks boundaries must wait till their father's debts ai-e paid. 



1729. 
Oct. 26. 



1731. 



July 1. 



Benedict Leonard Calvert to Charles, Lord 



Letter. Governor 
Baltimore. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 1087. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 68-81. 

Md. Arch., v. 25, pp. 601-610. 
Abst. Mentions many papers left with Attorney General after last hear- 
ing [during Charles' minority] regarding three Lower Counties. 

Map. Jonas Silfverlong. Delineatis Pennsylvaniae at Caesereae 
Nov. Occidebt seu West NIersey in America. Jonas Silfverlong, 
Sculp. Up [sala?] 1731/2. Engraved, Scala Millianas Angle 
1 in 200 mi. 

(Pa. Hist. Soc Of., 504.) 

Note. Includes Lat. 30°-44° (old Cape Henlopen to above L. I. Sd.) and 

west of Potomac. Shown dotted curving line between Sussex, Kent and 

the Caecil Cm. 

Petition. Charles, Lord Baltimore to King George II. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 30 (extract) ; p. 445. 
Abst. Asks that proprietors of Pennsylvania be ordered to join with him 
in settling and ascertaining the boundaries. 



THE AGREEMENT OF 1722. 



July 1. Order of Council. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 30; p. 445. 

Abst. Referring petition to Committee on Appeals and Complaints, 
sequently referred to Committee for Trade and Plantations. 

July 25. Paper of proposal made by Lord Baltimore to Penns. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 33-34 ; 446-447. 
Abst. Gives outline of proposed agreement. 



1731/2. 
Jan. 10. 



Jan. 



Sub- 



Letter. Governor Ogle to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1088 

Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 81-84. 

Abst. Fears tangent line "will cut some of the Rivers of the Bay, par- 
ticularly Sassafras River, and that the very circle will cut the head of 
Elk River." Suggests a clause be inserted in Agreement to prevent this 
if it is not already signed. 

29. Deposition of Thomas Cresap. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 311-312. 

Abst. Gives an account of him by Beddock and Morgan in their capture 
of Chance, Ci-esap then 28 years old. 



BEStTKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 281 

1731/2. 

Feb. 2. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 313. 

Abst. Incloses deposition of Cresap and complains of treatment and 
referring to bribe offered Indians to burn Cresap's house. 

Feb. 21. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 313-315. 

Abst. Argues that Cresap was not in Maryland and that his deposition 
is not to be credited. 

1732? Governor Ogle's observations on the demands of the Penns. 4 
pp. large fol. 
Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, 330-333. 

Abst. Summarizes many points likely to arise and suggests lines of argu- 
ment against them. 

Mar. 29. Memorandum of Modification of Agreement proposed by Lord 
Baltimore. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 448. 

1732. Case of John Penn, Thomas and Richard Penn Bsqrs., relative to 
their Right to the Counties of Newcastle, Kent and Sussex on 
Delaware. MS. 2 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Del. Hist. Soc, Douglas Papers. 

Note. Filed in Land Office of Pa. and transf. by act of 19 Feby. 1801 to 

Hon. Sam'l White Del. Agent. Attestation of Tench Coxe Secy. Pa. 

Apparently a legal brief. 

1732. Difficulties that the Proprietary Affairs of the Province of Pensil- 
vania at present lie under which crave a speedy Redress. 2 
p. fol. Mss. 

Ms. Copy. Del. Hist. Soc, Douglas Papers. 

Land Off. Pa. 
Note. Attested. "I certify that the foregoing is a true- copy of an original 

paper remaining on file in this oflaoe." Signed at Lancaster 20 May 

1800 by Tench Coxe. 

Apr. 18. Letter. Governor P. Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 321-324. 

Abst. Referring to the Cresap affair. Is obliged for the notice of agree- 
ment between their several proprietors, but wishes he could know the 
terms of agreement. Hears a rumor from Maryland that Lord Baltimore 
had quitted his old claim to the lower counties and also to some part 
of Cecil council [county], for which he is to have compensation beyond 
the Suquehanna 

Apr. Opinion of Mr. Senex on the Articles of Agreement. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 448-449, 567. 

1732. Letter. Samuel Blunston to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 316-320. 

Abst. Deals with Cresap and Higgenbotham troubles. Criticises the 
orders which he has received. 

May 7. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 326-327. 
Abst. Refers to Cresap. Answered June 15. 



282 



SOTJKCE MATERIAL 



r 



1732. 

May 10. Articles of Agreement Indented made and concluded upon this 
10th Day of May in the 5th Year of the Reign of our Soverign 
Lord George the 2nd by the Grace of God of Great Britain, 
France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith, etc. Annoque 
Doni 1732 Between the Rt. Honble Charles Lord Baron of 
Baltimore in the Kingdom of Ireland true and absolute and 
Proprietor of the Province of Maryland and Avalon, etc. of the 
one part and John Penn, Thos. Penn and Richard Penn, Esq. 
Sons and Devisees under the will of Wm. Penn Esq. the Elder 
their late Father true and absolute Proprietors of the Province 
of Pennsylvania etc. of the other Part in manner and form 
following that is to say: 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calviert Papers, Nos. 298-299. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 299. Annotated in contem- 
poraneous writing. 
Pub. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. Boundaries, 1887, pp. 10-17. 
Pa. Arcli., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 36-40 (abstract) 
Pa. Areli., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 449-460 (complete). 
Also published by Franklin in 1733 and 1736. 
Pub. Ptd. by B. Franklin, 1st edit.. Phila., 1733, 19 pp. fol, (Ridgway 
lib., Phila. ; Lib. Cong. ; Williams Coll. Lib. ; Pa. Hist. Soc, Md Hist. 
Soc, cf. Sabin, Nos. 45073, 59S96, 60743.) Another edition printed 
1735, cf. also Holmes, Annals of Amer., 1829, p. 554. 

Note. Original executed in London as were also the Commissions. Gov- 
ernor Ogle was then in London but returned quickly to Maryland. See 
letter of Thos. Penn of Aug. 19. 

May 10. Map annexed to the agreement between Lord Baltimore and 
Messrs. Penns. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 226. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No 1042. 
I Calvert Papers, 1036-1037. Wood cut. 

■^^ See also Calvert Papers, No 1040-1041. 

Repr. in Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 4, front. 

Hall, The Lords Baltimore. 
A plain wood cut, a colored wood cut, a copper-plate print and Ms. copies 
on parchment are in Md. Hist. Soc, copy also in Md. Land OflSce, copy 
in Lib. Cong, was used for Articles of 1738. 

Note. The map usually attached to the duplicate Ms. copies of the 

agreement are wood cuts. Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 444. 
The map shows roughly all the lines as finally rim, at least to western 

limit of Md. For detailed account of the making of this map see Pa. 

Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 560-576. See also editions of 1735, 1736 and 

1738. 

May 10. Commission. Charles, Lord Baltimore, to Samuel Ogle, Esq., the 
Hon. Charles Calvert, Esq., Philemon Lloyd, Esq., Michael 
Howard, Esq., Richard Bennet, Esq., Benjamin Tasker, Esq., 
and Matthew Tilghman Ward, Esq". 

Same text as next entry, cf. Ms. note in printed "Articles of Agreement" 
Ridgway Lib., Phila. 

May 13. Commission. Pennsylvania, Province, Proprietaries [John Penn, 
Thomas Penn and Richard Penn]. Recounting the nine arti- 
cles of agreement between the proprietors of Pennsylvania 
and Maryland of May 10, 1732 and appointing Patrick (3^ordon, 
Isaac Norris, Samuel Preston, James Logan, Andrew Hamilton, 
James Steele and Robert Charles commissioners for laying out 
the said lines and providing that in case of death, sickness or 
absence of any one of them the said Patrick Gordon shall 
appoint new^ commissioners in the place of such absent com- 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 283 

1732. 

missioners. Sealed and delivered in the presence of Abraham 
Taylor, John Georges, John Shewbart. 

Ms. Orig. Del. Secy. State Off. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Boundaries, p. 29, cf. No. 334, Cole- 
man Cat., Penn Papers. 

Pub. Huffington, Annals of Del., p. 260. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., sier. 2, v. 16, p. 461. 

Note. Lines, including circular boundary, to be marked with crown stones 
before Dec. 25. 1738. 

May 13. Same original rough draft interlineated, 12 sheet parchment 29x34 
in., seal of Penn's. Ms. map annexed, 10x15 in. Showing (in 
red) lines to be run. 

Del. Hist. Soc, Douglas Papers. 

Cf. also Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, 1870. 

Cf. Penn vs. Baltimore, breviate, testimony of F. J. Paris [Liber A, fol. 
195, Int. 22, fol. 288]. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 576. 

Abst. Describes in detail the incidents connected with the preparation of 
the Commissions to show ithat the same were seen by Baltimore and hia 
solicitors and were acceptable to them at that time. 

June 15. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 330-331. 

Abst. Is pleased to learn of prosipiective settlement of the dispute but 
does not know the terms of the agreement. Understands that they will 
show Cresap's house to be 28 miles in Pennsylvania. Objects to 
activity of Maryland and thinks mew agreement will not apply to settle- 
ments made since 1724. 

July 10. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Ms. Copt. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 336-337. 

Abst. As neither of them intend anything but what is fair and reason- 
able for their proprietors, he will recount all that he has donev Hopes 
that the reports may be true that his proprietor, in compensation for 
the three lower counties and part of Cecil county, was to have so much to 
the northward that Cresap might probably be in Maryland and that the 
line to divide the two provinces was only to run west as far as the 
Susquehanna, but on the west side of Maryland was to run up to 40 of 
latitude 

July 26. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 337-340. 

Abst. In reply to his of the 10th instant by Mr. Chew is glad to have a 
perfect understanding between the neighboring provinces. To discuss 
the disputes between their proprietors would be needless and from his 
[Ogle's] letter of the 6th instant believes that the disputes is at an end. 
It suffices to say that the Penn proprietors have claimed below or to the 
southward of the 40th degree of latitude and Baltimore having caused 
the line to be run about 1682 eastward from the mouth of Octoraro 
made that th© bounds of his claim. 

Aug. 18. Letter. Phil. Lloyd to Lord Baltimore. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copt. M-d. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1090. 

Abst. Discusses Baltimore's agreement with Penn, the history of Balti- 
more's claims and the true position of Cape Henlopen. Advises Balti- 
more to claim Delaware lands to 40° 

Aug. 19. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28, No. 2. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 341. 

Abst. Sends copy of Agreement and asks convenient date for meeting of 
commissioners, suggesting Newcastle as a convenient place. 



284 SOURCE MATEEIAL 

1732. 

Aug. 19. Letter. Thomas Penn to Lt. Gov. Samuel Ogle. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28. 

Abst. Sends package including copy of Agreiement to Gov. Ogle for Lord 
Baltimore and hopes no time will be lost in expediting the affairs. 

Aug. 23. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Ms. Copt. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28, No. 4. 
"Copys of Several Letters & Papers relating to the running Divi- 
sion Lines. . . ." 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 342. 

Abst. Has received his letter by Mr. Goorges and is glad to join in meas- 
ures for speedily discharging the business. As it is inconvenient to 
come to Newcastle, asks that a nearer place be selected ; but as he does 
not think of the proper place, leaves the matter to Mr. Georges [Pennsyl- 
vania's proprietary secretary]. 

Aug. 23. Letter. Governor Ogle to Mr. [Thomas] Penn. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28. 
Abst. Acknowledges his letter, together with the agreement. Will do 
everything in his power to settle all the affairs as soon as possible, to 
which lend has written to the [Penn's] Lieut. Governor [Gordon] that no 
time may be lost in fixing a convenient place to meet in and to agree 
about the time which he proposes as the first week in Oct. 

Aug. 30. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Piemn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 1. v. 1, p. 343. 

Abst. Newton [Chestertown] is proposed as a meeting place. Has no 
objection to this but it would save him much traveling if the meeting 
could be on the 18th instead of the first week in October as proposed. 

Sept. 4. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 843-344. 

Abst. Wishes it were in his power to meet sooner than the time pro- 
posed — the firsit week in October — especially as it would agree with Gov- 
ernor Gordon's convenience, but as it is better not to proceed until the 
business is in every way ready believes it will answer the intentions to 
keep the time proposed — the first Friday in October. 

Sept. 13. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Calvert. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 289-292. 

Abst. Deals with border troubles between David Wherry and Robert Holly 
regarding land in Cecil County and of others regarding Kent County 
lands. 

Sept. 14 Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 28. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 347-348. 

Abst. Has received his letter of the 4th and agrees to meet at Newton on 
the 6th of next October. 

Sept. 19. Letter. Governor Benjamin Leonard Calvert to Governor Gordon. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp 292-294. 

Abst. Objects to the curt methods used by Pennsylvania authorities and 
cites facts regarding his side of trouble. 

Sept. 31. Pennsylvania Council. Minutes. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, p. 496. 

Pa. Reift. Secy. Int. AfE. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 1-2. 

Abst. Agreement announced and pleasure expressed at early settlement of 
dispute. 



I 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 285 

1732. 

Oct. 3. Letter. Samuel Blunston to Robert Charles. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1. 

Abst. Refers to complaint of Indians against settlement west of Susque- 
hanna by Cresap and others. Shows that Logan and he were waiting for 
a pretext to take Cresap. 

Oct. 6. Proceedings of the Commissioners appointed by the Right Hon- 
ourable the Lord Proprietary of Maryland and the Proprietaries 
of Pensilvania for running the Lines and Bounds of their 
provinces. Oct. 6-Nov. 23. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 302, 80 pp. fol. used In 

chancery suit. 
See also Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries." 

Of. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 165-216; pp. 463-468: pp. 44-66 (extract). 
Note. The published record, based on the Penns copy differs in minor 

details from the copy in the Calvert papers and stops at p. 72 of the" 

latter. 

Nate. Summarized in full in the "Written evidence proved in records" in 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 462-482. Summarized in brief in Pa. Arch., 
ser. 2, V. 16, pp. 136-146. 

Deposition of James Logan regarding the very strange Way of 
granting Out Lands by the Maryland Officers. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 556. 

Abst. Mentions surveys about 1716 as far North as Philadelphia and that 
Gov. Ogle in October 30, 1732 insisted that warrants issued by Mary- 
land prior to the actual running of a division line made such surveys 
part of Maryland. 

Oct. Preston, Samuel. Deposition concerning conversation with Gov- 

ernor Ogle regarding allegiance of those seated by Maryland 
grants in Pennsylvania territory. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 557. 

Oct. James Steel. Deposition relating to a conversation between the 

Commissioners of 1732 to run the boundary line, in regard to 
Maryland Warrants, and essentially the same answer of Gov- 
ernor Ogle as narrated by the previous Deponent [Samuel 
Preston]. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 557. 

Map. Newcastle. Drawn by Arnoldus de la Grange of Newcastle. 

Produced by John Hoare Newcastle from office of surveyor and used for 

finding center of Circle Oct. 31, 1732. 
See description in Breviate Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 639. 

Dec. 13, John Low. Deposition regarding his arrest by the constable of 
Lancaster County. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 350-351. 

Thomas Cresap. Deposition regarding the arrest of John Lowe. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 352. 
Dec. 15. Letter. Lord Baltimore to Governor Gordon. 
Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, p. 502. 
Abst. Complains of rioting in Maryland by Lancaster County people. 

Dec. 23. Letter. Governor Gordon to Lord Baltimore. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v 3, pp. 503-504. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 498-499. 

Abst. Acknowledges letter of 15th and says he is trying to find out about 
the matter. 



286 



SOURCE MATERIAL. 



1732. 
Dec. 25. 



Letter. Governor Gordon to S. Blunston. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 353. 

Abst. Asking detailed information of Lowe's arrest and character. This 

is followed by several depositions which were taken in response to the 

letter. 



Dec. 29. Tobias Hendricks. Deposition. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 362. 

See also Pa. Colonial Rec, v. 3, p. 506. 

• Abst. Deposes that he has seen the marked trees near the west end of the 

west line run from' Philadelphia to Susquehanna by Benjamin Chambers 
and believes that the lands now in the possession of .Tohn Low and 
Thomas Cresap lie, at least, six miles northward of the said line. . . 
Attested by .Tohn Wright and S. A. Blunston. at Hempfield, County of 
Lancaster. Endorsed : "AfEt., Tobias Hendricks, Esq." This is one of 
several depositions taken at the same time. 

1732/3. 

Jan. 9. Letter. John Wright and S. Blunston to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 504-506. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 363-365. 
Abst. Says they were obliged to make arrests on account of behavior of 
Cresap and his company. 

Jan. 9. Letter. Governor Gordon to Justices of Kent County. 

POB. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 499-501. 

Abst. Asks for particulars regarding troubles along east line and 
cautions officers to avoid broils with Lord Baltimore's tenants. 



Jan. 11. Letter. Governor Gordon to Lord Baltimore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 501-506. 

Abst. Claims that the Pennsylvania officers were within their rights at 
Lowe's place on Susquehanna. 

Jan. 15. Letter. Governor Gordon to Lord Baltimore. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 510-514. 

Abst. Says that after looking into the case he cannot give up th« "rioters ' 
as they were doing their duty in their own jurisdiction. 

Jan. 24. Letter. Lord Baltimore to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 514-515. 

Abst. Encloses depositions and again asks delivery of persons requested. 

Feb. 1. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, p. 515. 

Abst. Says Baltimore thinks that Gordon's arguments are weak and that 
they do not rest on the agreement of 1732. 

Feb. 3. Pennsylvania Commissioners. [Partial Copy of their Minutes of 
Meetings]. 

Ms. Copt. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 31, pp. 47-50, 

4 p. fol. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., sier. 2, v. 16, pp. 468-476. 

Feb. 3. Pennsylvania Commissioners, Proceedings at Newcastle. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 32. No. 188. 

Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers. Attested copy made 20 Oct., 1740. 
Abst. Report on reasons for failure to run the circle about Newcastle, 

particularly the objections of the Pennsylvania commissioners. 
Note. See lY34, letters of Govs. Gordon and Ogle as to a later mission 

of Georges and Hamilton. 



KESUEVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 287 

1732/3. 

Feb. 3. Letter. Pennsylvania Commissioners to Hon. Sam'l Ogle, Esqr. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 19. Attested 

copy made 20 Oct. 1740. 
Cf. No. 92, Siipp., Coleman. Cat. Penn Papers. 
Abst. Since he has declined meeting them at the courthouse they will wait 

until the 5th inst. to meet there and proceed jointly with the execution 

of their commission [to mark the boundary]. 

Feb. 15. Letter. Charles, Lord Baltimore to Governor Patrick Gordon. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 24. See also Pa. Arch., 

ser. 1, V. 1 ; ser. 2, v. 16, p. 56. 
Pdb. Pa. Col. Riec, v. 3, pp. 521-523. 

Scharf, Hist. Md. p. 396. 

Abst. Refers to recent border riot and care taken to have his commis- 
sioners meet those of Penna. at Newcastle on the 1st inst. Charges the 
latter with dilatoriness and relates all of the circumstances connected 
with their failures to perform their duties at subsequent meetings of the 
commission. Finally sets a meeting at Joppa, in Maryland, because his 
commissioners have already twice met at Newcastle, "but also by reason 
of a behaviour of your commsn to some of mine in Newcastle." Copy 
4, pp. F. [Received before the following was sent.] 

Feb. 17. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, p. 518. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 509-513. 

Abst. Says he did what was right in the premises and they are trying to 
misconstrue his actions. Holds agreement of 1724 continues in force in 
spite of term clause. Refers back to Oetoraro line as acknowledged limit 
of Maryland. 

Feb. 17. Letter. Governor Gordon to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1091. 
Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 516-518. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 506-509. 

Abst. Says he is justified in his action and that the commissioners ought 
to meet. 

Feb. 22. Letter. Governor Gordon to Lord Baltimore. 
I 

Pub. Pa. Col. Bee, v. 3, pp. 523-525. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 514-517. 
Abst. Admits errors of some of the borderers in Kent County (Del.), but 
says that this is unusual. 

Feb. 26. Letter. Governor Gordon to Justices of Kent County. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 517-519. 

Abst. Refers conflicting evidence regarding trouble along the border and 
orders the justices to act with those of Maryland, or alone, in taking 
evidence, and to arrest the accused pending action. 

Feb. 28. Case stated with opinion of J. Willes. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 504, 507-508. 

Abst. Quotes terms of charters of Maryland and Pennsylvania and gives 
opinion favorable to Penns. 

Mar. 8. Letter. Governor Ogle to Rev. Hugh Jones. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 477. 

Abst. Refers to controversy and proposed leniency of Lord Baltimore to 
inhabitants of three Lower Counties. 

Mar. 21. Proclamation. Maryland. Proprietor. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 478 

Abst. Ordering all holding land in MaiTland under titles from other than 
• Lord Baltimore to take out new patents. Both acts were claimed by 
the Penns to be unfair. 



288 SOTJKCE MATERIAL 

1733. 

Mar. 28. Letter. Governor Patrick Gordon to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 25-26. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser, 4, v. 1, pp. 522-530. 
See also Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1. 

Abst. In regard to border troubles and especially in answer to His Lord- 
ship's charges relating to the conduct of the Pennsylvania commis- 
sioners at Newcastle, with a complete version of all the circumstances 
of the meetings from the Pennsylvania point of view. 

Mar. 28. Letter. Pennsylvania Commissioners to Maryland Commis- 
sioners. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 177-178 ; pp. 478-479. 
Abst. Review break at Newcastle on Feby. 3d and suggest a meeting on 
April 16. 

April 3. Letter. Maryland Commissioners to Pennsylvania Commis- 
sioners. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 178. 

Abst. Refers to letter of Lord Baltimore, Febry. 15, 1732/3. 

May 8. Pennsylvania-Maryland Commissioners. Joppa, Md. Proceedings. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc. Attested. 

Abst. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 179-183 ; pp. 479-480. 

May 16. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Ardh., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 140-142. 

Abst. Letter on the Maryland affair in which he suggests that Penn visit 

the outlying settlements and also send a deputation to Annapolis to force 

an answer from Gov. Ogle. 

May 25. Letter. Maryland Commissioners to Pennsylvania Commis- 
sioners. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 183. 
Abst. Give notice of meeting on 26th. 

May 26. Agreement between Commissioners. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 183-184. 
Abst. Agree to postpone meetings until Sept. 3rd. 

Aug. 19. Letter. Governor Gordon to Justices of Chester abount boundary 

Pub. In Mowbert, History Lancaster Co., p. 138, 139. 
Sept. 4. Proceedings of Meeting at Newcastle. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Orig. sigs. of Md. and Pa. Comsrs., 3 p. fol., 
attested. Cf. No. 83, Supp., Coleman Cat. Penn Papers. 

Sept. 6. Pennsylvania-Maryland Commissioners, Newcastle. "Copies of 
several papers exchanged at Newcastle by the Commissioners 
of Penna. and Md." 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 34, attested, 

Phila., 1740. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16. pp. 1S5-194. 

Sept. 10. Benjamin Eastburn. Letter and answers to the questions con- 
cerning the circle of 12 miles about Newcastle addressed "To 
Hugh Jones and William Rumsey, of the Province of Maryland, 
Mathematicians." Including one answer from Benjamin East- 
burn. 8 p. F. MSS. Once part of breviate. 

Ms. Orig. Del. Hist. Soc. Donated by MaJ. T. R. Brinkle, a relative 
of Ramsay. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 289 

1733. 

Nov. 1. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 149. 

Abst. Suggests that Commission and Thomias Penn have a conference 
before the Meeting of the Commission at Newcastle. 

Nov. 17. Pennsylvania Commissioners, Newcastle. [Communication] To 
the Commissioners appointed on the part of Maryland for run- 
ning, marking and laying out the lines. .. .auto signed. 4 pp. 
fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 38, attested, 
Phila., 1740. 

Nov. 17. Pennsylvania-Maryland Commissioners. Minutes. Sept. 6-Nov. 
17, 10 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 36-37. 
Perhaps Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, 1870, No. 35. 
Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, supp., No. 99. 
Abst. Minutes of proceedings and communications exchanged between the 
Maryland and Pe^nnsylvania commissioners at Newcastle meeting. Cf. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 481-482. 

Nov. 19. Maryland Commissioners. "To the Comsrs appointed on the part 
of Pensylvania for running, marking and laying out the lines, 
limits or bounds between the Province of Md. and the Province 
of Pensylvania, &c." Auto signed. 16 pp. F. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 39. Attested 
20 Oct. 1740. 

Nov. 20. Pennsylvania Commissioners. To the Commissioners of Mary- 
land appointed on the part of Maryland for running, marking 
and laying out the limits. 10 pp. f. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 35. Attested 

20 Oct. 1740. 
Note. Delivered next day. 

Nov. 22. Maryland Commissioners, Newcastle. Proceedings of meeting. 

3 pp. F. Signatures of Maryland commissioners only. Attesta- 
tion of Phila. commissioners to examine witnesses. 

Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 302, 303. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries." 
Note. Probably also Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS., No. 14503, attested before 

judges of Pa. Supreme Court for Penn-Baltimore suit but not for that 

court as the Emmet Calendar states. 

Nov. 23. Pennsylvania Commissioners. "To the commissioners appointed 
on the part of Maryland." Auto signed. 4 pp. f. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 40. Attested 
20 Oct. 1740. 

Nov. 23. Copys of Several Papers exchanged and delivered between com- 
missioners appointed for executing the articles of Agreement 
between the Proprietarys of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Ex- 
hibit No. 8. 24 pp. large fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 303. 

Dec. 21. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

PCB. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 124-126. 

Abst. Remarks on proposed letter to Governor of Maryland on bounds, 
suggesting modification of phraseology. 



290 

1734. 

1733/4. 
Jan. 10. 



SOURCE MATERIAL, 

Letter. F. J. Paris to John Penn. 

Cf. Allen, Curiosa, No. 298. 

Pennsylvania Commissioners. Report to the Proprietors. 

"The original reports of the commissioners appointed by John, 
Thomas and Richard Penn, proprietors and governors of Penn- 
sylvania, and tne other commissioners about the boundaries of 
said countries. The commissioners met at Newtown in the 
county of Kent. The whole is nicely written in a book folio. 93 
pages. It has the name of all the commissioners in their own 
writing and has the Great Seal of the Province of Pennsylvania 
appended to it." 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 483. 

Coleman, Oat. Penn Papers, 1870, No. 9. 

Ptd. by B. Franklin, Phila., 1736, with "Articles of Agreement," 1732, q. v. 

Mar. 8. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 417-423. 

Abst. Claims border troubles come from Mai'y'and design. Cites Octarora 

line and agreement of 1724 and claims there is a boundary fixed until 

complete settlement. 



1734. 
May 14. 



May 14. 



Pennsylvania. Lt. Governor Patrick Gordon, Commission to 
Andrew Hamilton and John Georges of Philadelphia, to treat 
with the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland and conclude 
measures to preserve peace between the governments until the 
boundaries should be run. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 428. 

Note. These commissioners in reality made proposals for running lines. 
See letter Gov. Ogle to Gov. Gordon, 15 Sept. 1735. 

Thomas Penn. Instructions to Andrew Hamilton, Esq. and John 
Georges, ok their journey to Annapolis, in the province of 
Maryland. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 429-433. 

See Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, p. 585. 
Abst. Instructed to devise measures for peace recalling the fact that 
Pennsylvania has held to the Octoraro for fifty years. 

May 15. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 167. 

Abst. Suggests transcription and insertion of additional clause in letter 
to Gov. Ogle. 

June 17. Speech. Governor Gordon to Pennsylvania Assembly. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 546-547. 

Abst. Explains convening of Assembly on account of Baltimore's petition 
for joining Delaware counties to Maryland. 

June 20. Pennsylvania Council. Minutes of Resolution regarding the at- 
testation of the three copies of the Minutes of Commissioners 
for Pennsylvania. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 3, pp. 544, 586. 

Rept. Secy. Int. AfiE. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 2-3. 

June 23. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Ms. Orig. Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS.. No. 14476. 
Pub. Pa. Arcli., ser. 1, v. 3, p. 168. 
Abst. Suggests modification of agreement for Southern Boundary and 
admits that "the Cape mentioned in the article [of 1732] will with diffi- 
culty, if ever, be found." 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 291 

1734. 

Aug. 8. Petition. Charles, Lord Baltimore to King George II for a further 
charter or letters patents to confirm the whole of the peninsula 
notwithstanding the words "haectenes in culta." 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Oalvert Papers, No. 307. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 67 ; 483-485. 

Abst. Asks for confirmation of original charter to Maryland making no 
mention of the controversy or agreement of 1732. 

Aug. 10. Additional Instructions to Samuel Ogle, Esq., Lieutenant Governor 
of the Province of Maryland. Dated August the 10th, 1734. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 295%, pp. 48-50. 

Abst. "I approve of the Grant for 500 Acres and 200 Acres to Cressap 
and the other person, and as it is uncertain when the Determination of 
the Bounds in those parts will happen, I am willing, and accordingly 
Order that grants in Fee shall be made of all the Land in the North- 
ernmost Reserve on Susquehannah : and for that purpose I Direct such 
Reserve to be taken ofiE, and further I am willing you should Encourage 
the Settling Such Reserve, by allowing to many Such Settlers as you 
think fitt to take the Same up without any Caution-money, at 10 shill- 
ings the 100 acres ; but that same Rent shall not commence or be pay- 
able until the Settlement of the Boundarys in those parts, and on the 
making such grants, the persons taking them must (if you can prevail 
with them) enter into some Acknowledgement of my Right under their 
hands in Such manner as may make them lyable to a penalty in case 
they should not always behave themselves as my tenants, or not Act in 
support of my Government." 

Aug. 19. Letter. Governor Gordon to Justices of the Border Counties. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 539-541. 

Abst. Cites Attorney-General's decision that the terms of the agreement 
of 1732 are still pending, and orders that the Justices preserve order. 

Oct. 5. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 170. 

Abst. Refers to Smith's Line from Octorora and Noble's Line from Cone- 
stogoe and speaks of S. Blunston running a new line and that the varia- 
tion is about 5° 40 minutes westward. 

Dec. 19. Petition of Richard Penn to King George II. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 486-491. 

Abst. Reviews the history of the controversy and asks that the Petition 
of Lord Baltimore be dismissed. 

Petition of the Penns to the King with answers thereto. 12 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 308. 
Abst. Regarding title to three lower counties. 
1734/5. 
Jan. 16. Lords of Trade and Plantation. Report on Petition of Charles, 
Lord Baltimore. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 492-495. See also p. 70. 
Note. This report favorable to Lord Baltimore's claim. 
1735. 

May 10. Committee of Council. Report on above report. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 495-496. 

Abst. Recommend that consideration of the report and petitions be 
adjourned to give an opportunity to Messrs. Penn. 

May 16. Order of King in Council. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, p. 496. 

Approves report and orders adjournment of case as recommended. 



292 



SOUKCE MATERIAL 



1735. 

May 25. Instructions to Samuel Ogle, our Lieutant Governor & Chancellor, 
& Edmond Jenings, Esare our Judge of our Land Office. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 295 1/2, p. 71. 

Abst. Authorizes the grant of 5000 acres to John Diggs "to be laid out 

■where he shall think fitt on the remote Borders and parts of our 

province." 

1735. Memoranda of Evidence read for the Plaintiff. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 376, 377, 378, 379, 380. 

1735. Map of Virginia. According to Captain John Smith's map pub- 
lished Anno 1606. Also of the adjacent country called by the 
Dutch Niew Nederlant, Anno 1630, by John Senex. 19 x 14%. 
Engraved. Scale 5% mil.-l cm. Lat. 37-42. No Long. 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Papers relating to the 3 Lower Counties, 
p. 149. Endorsed in Ms. [by Thomas Penn or his counsel] "Being the 
only English map of these parts known to have been extant in the year 
1632 when Maryland was granted to Calvert, afterwards Lord Baltimore." 
Issued by the Penn family for the use of counsel. Cf. Puttick & Simpson, 
No. 599. 

Pub.' In Senex, Short account of Va.-Md., etc., 1735, Sabin, No. 80586. 

Abst. Newcastle is shown at 40°. Octoraro Junction about 6 miles above. 
Cape Hinlopen south of Cape Cornelius about 39°. Division of peninsula 
by tangent line marked TV which runs around Circle boundary as WP. 
Area west of this line between parallel 39° and above 40° at Octarora is 
washed green. Patowmeck marked as runing off like Aquia Creek, below 
39°. Dotted north and south line drawn just west of this bend of 
Patowmeck. 

Note. The Lib. Cong, copy was an exhibit in Penn-Baltimore suit as it 
bears this MSS. note in handwriting of Atty. P. J. Paris. "This is 
according to Capt. Smith's map by which the King's Grant of Md. was 
made. The red shows Md. as orig. granted. The blue shows what 
farther Mr. Penn released to Ld. Baltimore by the Articles of 1732 in 
cons'd of his releasing his pretense to the 3 Lower County's and all 
w'ch we granted him then he never had any title to before." [i. e. on 
assumption that Penn's grant went down to 39° as beginning of degree 
40°]. 

On the map in the Lib. Cong, copy of his book "A short account," etc., 
Senex notes, "Hitherto Lord Baltimore claims, although all to the North- 
ward of the 39th degree is expressly without his grant and within Mr. 
Penn's." 

Cf. also Senex, Editions of 1710, 1719, 1736. 

June 21. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Bill. John Penn, Thomas Penn 
and Richard Penn, Esqrs; the three Surviving Sons of William 
Penn Esq; deceased, who in his Life-time was Proprietary of 
the Province of Pensilvania, and of the three Lower Counties 
called Newcastle, Kent and Sussex, on Delaware, adjoining to 
the said Province of Pennsilvania in America, Plaintiffs. 
Charles Calvert Esq; Lord Baltimore in the Kingdom of Ireland, 
Defendant. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 338-371 ; v. 16, pp. 1-83. 

Note. For answer of defendant see June 15, 1737. 

June 25. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

PnB. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 447-453. 

Abst. Refers to Cresap and to the embassy of Hamilton and Georges and 
offers to confer provided Ogle agrees to run line 15 miles south of Phila- 
delphia. 

June 25. Letter. James Logan to Thomas and John Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 3, p. 178. 

Abst. Mentions "revising R. Oharless' Draught of ye Lettr to Maryld." 



KESUKVBY OF MASON-DIXOK LINE 293 

c 

1735. 

Sept. 15. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 461-464. 

Abst. Does not think it possible to agree upon running any lines, because 
he has it under the hands of Hamilton and Georges [the commissioners] 
that they insist upon a line being run according to Pennsylvania's own 
pretension. Apparently, nothing will content him [Gordon] but actual 
running of lines according to Pennsylvania's pretensions. 

Oct. 2. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 466-477. 

Abst. If there is any one point on which he is striving to agree it is 
on some known limits without prejudice to either of the proprietors for 
'their respective jurisdiction, until such time as the boundaries of the 
province shall be truly settled. 

Oct. 9. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Brief. To oppose the Annexed 
notice of Motion for the defendant [Lord Baltimore]. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc., Calvert Papers, Nos. 315-316. 

Dec. 19. Letter. James Logan to Thomas and John Penn. 
Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 178-179. 

Abst. Refers to the finding of a letter from Mr. Dulaney, Attorney General 
of Md. to his attorney at Lancaster ; also to an unsuccessful attempt to 
take Cresap. 

1735. Letter from a Gentleman in Pennsylvania to his friend in Mary- 
land. With some reasons why N. Boundary of Maryland cannot 
by Lord Baltimore's charter be extended to any part of 40° 
Latitude, but is limited by a Line which is 39° compleat from 
equinoctial Line. With a Case stated and laid before Council 
relating to construction of Lord Baltimore's charter and opinion 
of said council thereon. Together with answer to foregoing let- 
ter with some arguments showing mistakes therein and proving 
that N. Boundary of Maryland is a parallel of Latitude or Line 
at End of 40° or 40° compleat from equinoctial Line. A copy of 
map of Maryland according to Lord Baltimore's map of 1635. A 
copy of map of Virginia, according to grant in 1609 and 1611. 
Also of sea coast of N. England, according to Grant in 1620. A 
copy of Captain Smith's map of Virginia, made in 1606, being 
the only map of Virginia known in 1632. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1046. 
I Note. A manuscript folio book with several maps and illustrations. 

London, for the author (Anon) [about 1735], 12 mo., 15 pp. 

1735? Some short observations upon the Pennsylvania Map and ground- 
less objections against the undoubted rights and bounds of 
Maryland. 9 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 304. 
1735/6. 
Jan. 6. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 471-479. See also Pa. Col. Rec, v. 2, p. 
614. 

Abst. Claims as much right to have temporary line run according to Mary- 
land pretensions as to Pennsylvania's, with a Salvo to the rights of the 
proprietor of Pennsylvania. In reply to the charge that the county of 
Lancaster has always been in the possession of Pennsylvania since its 
first settlement and that Maryland did not claim any part of it many 
miles to the southward of Conestogoe until 1730, mentions Lord Balti- 
more's claim to the 40th degree of north latitude acknowledged by the 
order in council in 1685 which took from him [Lord Baltimore] the 
three lower counties. 



294 SOUKCE MATERIAL, 

1735/6. 

Feb. 3. Map. Senix, John, [boundary lines between Pennsylvania and 
Maryland]. 10^^x16 inches. 1736. London. 

Ms. Copt. Cf. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," No. 136, Allen, 
Cat!. Penn Papers. 

Note. Inscribed on the back : "This is the first proof of the plate to 
describe the Bounds between Pensilvania and Maryland grant. 3 Feb., 
1736. By Mr. Senix". Note by Penn's attorney on the face: "1 think 
ye length of ye line (or ye width) of Pensilvanies part of ye peninsula 
(Delawares south boundary) is about 29? miles and in ye narrowest part 
[at Newcastle] is 12 miles and ye length of ye Diagonal line up ye 
peninsula [Delawares west boundary] is about 87 miles. All English 
statute miles according to this scale." 

See also Senix edition of 1710 and 1735. 
1736. 
May 3 5. Letter. Governor Gordon to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 479-487. 

Abst. Claims horder troubles are in no way due to Pennsylvania's un- 
willingness and reviews the progress of the whole controversy. 

May 22. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Gordon. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 488. 

Abst. Says Gordon -will not answer his proposals and no end to the dis- 
pute but "by running the Lines as You would have Us, and upon Our 
Refusal, a Repetition of the Injuries and Insults we have hitherto met 
with." 

Aug. 11. Petition of Inhabitants along Susquehanna. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 61-62. 

Note. Different petition from the following but to same intent, dated as 
■above. 

Aug. 13. Petition of 47 Inhabitants of the Susquehanna. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. .', pp. 202-203. 
Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 64-65. 

Abst. Say that they settled under Maryland supposing that the Susque- 
hanna was the dividing lime but now learn that the boundary line is to 
be an East and West line and ask to be received as residents of Penn- 
sylvania. Accepted. 

Aug. 13 A series of Depositions to show that the attack on Cresap was 
officially made under orders of Sheriff of Lancaster County. 

Ms. Copx. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 319. 

Cf. Veech, Monongahela of Old, pp. 229-230 for biographical sketch of 
Cresap. 

Aug. 24. Report of Samuel Blunston to Pennsylvania Council regarding 
Germans west of Susquehanna. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 57-58. 

Abst. Gives an account of trouble with Cresap and anxiety of Germans to 
renew allegiance. 

Aug. 31. Letter. Governor Ogle to James Logan, President Pennsylvania 
Council. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 60-61. 

Abst. Transmits petition of Germans to Pennsylvania authorities and 
says border troubles are due to local authorities. 

Sept. 7. Letter. John Wright to Provincial Council of Pennsylvania. 

Pub. Pa. Alch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 201. 

Abst. Describes the arrival at Crcsaps of the Sheriff of Baltimore County 
with an armed force of 200 men. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 295 

1736. 

Sept. Letter. Samuel Blunston to President James Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 63-64.' 

Abst. Gives account of armed force of Marylanders at Cresaps. 

Sept. Correspondence between William Hammond, Sheriff of Baltimore 

County, Maryland and Samuel Smith, Sheriff of Lancaster 
County, Pennsylvania, regard^'ng armed force at Cresaps. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 66-77. 

Note. Papers too remote from subject to be listed separately, but throwing 
light on one of the border clashes. 

Sept. 8. Letter. Pennsylvania Council to Justices and High Sheriff of the 
County of Lancaster. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 65-66. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 565-566. 

Abst. Answers petition telling him to keep the peace and to note those 
persons most active. 

Sept. 10. Letter. James Logan to Justices of Lancaster County. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 566-567. 

Sept. 17. Proclamation. Concerning the Invasion of the Province by an 
Armed Force from Maryland. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 568-570. 

Sept. 18. Letter. President James Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 76-79. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 570-575. 
Abst. Claims INIiaryland has no rights in territory and that the sending 
of an armed force was not justified iT.id that another would be resisted. 

Oct. 21. Resolutions of Governor & Council of Maryland touching he affair 
of Cresap. 14 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 717. 

Abst. Minutes of Council meeting held 21 Oct. 1736, includes depositions 
of Miles Foy, Elizabeth Lowe, Wm. Hammond, Proposals made to pre- 
serve Peace and Quietness in, the Provinces. 

Nov. 12. Letter. James Logan to Governor Ogle. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 652-654. 

Dec. 1. Letter. Governor Ogle to President James Logan. 
Ms. Oeig. Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS.. No. 14553, 2 pp. 

Abst. Cresap outrage leads him to send Messrs. Jennings and Dulaney to 
Pa. Council to secure reparation. 

Dec. 2. Letter. James Logan to Governor Ogle. 
Pub. Pa. .^Lrch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 654-655 

Dec. 6. James Logan. Introductory Address to the Assembly, treating 
especially of the Border Difficulties with Maryland. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 582-584. 

Dec. 10. Pennsylvania Council. Answer to demands of Maryland. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 121-124. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 584-580. 

Abst. Refuse to deliver sheriff of Lancaster to Maryland authorities and 
assert that his action was just, 



296 SOUECE MATERIAL 

1736. 

Dec. 11. Petition. Humble Address of the Deputy Governor and the upper 
and lower Houses of Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania. 
To the Kings most Excellent Majesty. 7 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 320. 
Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 125-129. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 589-596. 
Abst. Complains of border troubles and prays that Baltimore be enjoyned 
to desist from violences. 

Dec. 12. Letter. Messrs. Edm. Jennings and D, Dulany to James Logan. 
President Pennsylvania Council. 
Pdb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 130-135. 

Dec. 14. Letter. James Logan to Edmund Jennings and Daniel Dulany. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 137-139. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 596-600. 

Dec. 16. Letter. President James Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa: Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 140-141. 
f Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 601-602. 

Abst. Requests Ogle to join in some effectual measures to quiet border 
disputes and refers to Pennsylvania petition to king. 

Dec. 18. Address to Council in Reply to Certain Reflections upon the 
President and the whole Government by the Commissioners of 
Maryland. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 602-605. 

Dec. 24. Letter. James Logan to Governor Ogle. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 607-616. 

Dec. 24. Letter. Governor Ogle to President Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 156-157. 

Abst. "You Isnow very well it is impossible for us to propose more reason- 
able terms than we have already done, ... if you have now in 
Reality altered your Minds and are willing, as you say, to come into Con- 
cessions really reasonable. ... let us know precisely what the con- 
cessions are that you are willing to come into, and if they are reasonable, 
I promise to join with you cheerfully and heartily." [Some suggestion 
that this letter was antedated. Cf. Pa. Council Proc & Governor Ogle's 
letter March 16, 1736-7.] 

1736. Pennsylvania Council Proceedings. Various papers relating to an 
Association formed to oust Dutch west of Susquehannah to 
whom the lands were to be assigned in 20 acre lots. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4. pp. 100-118. 

Abst. Cites the demands made at Philadelphia by Jennings and Dulany 
on part of Maryland. 

1736. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 193. 

Abst. Council of opinion "that Possessions should be kept on the other 
side of Sasquehanna if practicable." 

1736. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Ptinn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p 198. 

Abst. Refers to the drawing up of a letter to Governor Ogle in reply to 
the latter's proposition [of ? ] and says I cannot determine with 
myself whether some further delay may be most advisable .... or 
whether .... there should be no time lost in showing your readi- 
ness to enter into an amicable Treaty." 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 297 

1736/7. Affidavits regarding the burning of Cresap's house and the killing 
of Maloney and of Cresap's house being in Maryland Govern- 
ment. 35 pp. fol. (No. 5.) 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 219. 

Abst. Made to prove that the attack was made with the official sanction 
of Pennsylvajiia. 

Mar. 5. Letter. President James Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Pdb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 159-165. 

Abst. Gives review of the various attempts to adjust differences. Says 
they have made all the reasonable propositions they can but that if Ogle 
can propose any rational measures to render the thing [settlement] 
practicable, he will not oppose. 

Mar. 17. Order of King in Council referring Petition from President and 
Assembly of Pennsylvania to Committee of Plantation Affairs. 

Cf. 25 May, 1738.. 

Mar. 22. Letter. President Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 175-181. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 618-627. 

Abst. Consists essentially of the usual charges and Insinuations of bad 
faith that marked both sides of the correspondence at this time, but sug- 
gest allegiance of settlers according to their point of departure into dis- 
puted zone. 
1737. 
Mar. 29. Letter. Governor Ogle to President James Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 186-188. 

"I m'ust own you have ofifered something which I hope will do, if you do 
not spoil it by insisting on such Provisos and Exceptions as may leave 
Room, as I said before, for fresh Wrangles & Disputes." 

April 8. Letter. President James Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 190-194. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 627-633. 
Abst. Reviews whole correspondence and asks what Ogle would do in his 
place. 

April 15. Letter. Governor Ogle to President James Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 195-196. 

Abst. Says he will leave to Pennsylvania all such as first settled under 
Pennsylvania and will only look upon such to be Marylanders at present, 
as settled and held under this Government. ... if you will grant 
me the same favour it is all I desire." 

April 20. Letter. President James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 209. 

Abst. Returns Governor Ogle's letter with comment on future action. 
Thinks difficulty may arise from the presence of Maryland Constables 
west of Susquehannah earlier than those of Pennsylvania. 

April 21. Petition of Charles Lord Baltimore to King George II. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 497-498. 

Abst. Prays that no Deputy Governor be appointed by the Penns and that 
directions for quieting the possessions might be given pending the settle- 
ment of the questions in dispute. 

April 30. Letter. President James Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 198-201. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 634-637. 

Abst. On the basis that all remain undisturbed and that no further set- 
tlements be made pending settlement he says he will name commissioner 
to act with one from Maryland to determine who first etitered the dis- 
puted lands and under what governments. 



298 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1737. 

May 3. Address to Assembly Concerning the Maryland Border Difficulties. 

Pub. ra. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, p. 63S. 

May 12. To the Council Concerning . . . the Appointment of Commis- 
sioners to Maryland. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1. pp. 639-640. 

May 14. Pennsylvania Council. Instructions to Messrs. Samuel Preston 
and John Kinsey respecting their conference with Governor 
Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 206-208. 

Abst. Reviews case and instructs them to file remonstrance if they cannot 
come to terms. 

May 14. Letter. President James Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 205-206. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, p. 641. 

Abst. Accrediting Messrs. Samuel Preston and John Kinsey as commis 
sioners to confer with Governor Ogle. 

May 16. Letter. Governor Ogle to President James Logan. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 167-171. 

Abst. Charges vcilful misinterpretation [etc.] and reviews history of 
trouble from his view point. Says he is ready to act if the Pennsylvania 
authorities give indications that they really mean business. 

[May 25]. Credentials to Commissioners to Maryland to Settle Border 
Difficulties. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 642-645. 

May 26. Remonstrance of the Governor and Council of Maryland relating 
to the Affidavits delivered to Mr. Sharpe May 26, 1737, relating 
to Cresap's affair. 3 pp. fol. annotated. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 321. 
Pub. Scharf, Hist. Md., pp. 400-406. 

May 27. Messrs. Samuel Preston and John Kinsey. Report to President 
James Logan and Council with documents appended. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 210-223. 

Abst. Account of a series of conferences from May 24 to May 27 at 
Annapolis. They agreed on everything but the manner of finding out 
the original proprietor of each settler. Ogle wanted to settle at once ; 
Pennsylvania commissioners wished to refer to a commission. 

June 3. Report of the Lords of Trade. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 499-500. 

Abst. Review case and suggest that King enjoin Governors to preserve 
peace. 

June 15. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Answer of the defendant, Lord 
Baltimore to bill in chancery. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 371-375. Two copies 

attested. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 371-393 ; v. 16, pp. 83-217 (annotated b.v 

Penns). 
Note. The notes published are strongly partisan and frequently do not 

represent the facts in the case. Similar manuscripts annotated favorable 

to the Baltimores are found among the Calvert Papers. 

July 21. Petition of Lord Baltimore against report of June 3. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 500-501. 



KESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 299 

1737. 

July 21. Order of King in Council referring petition of Governor and 
Council in Maryland to Committee for Plantation Affairs. 

Cf. May 25, 1738. 

July 22. Letter. President James Logan to Governor Ogle. 

Ptjb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 228-229. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 645-648. 

Abst. Complains of treatment of Elisha Gatchel whose deposition he en- 
closes and asks Governor Ogle to arrest five Marylanders. 

July 22. Deposition of Elisha Gatchell. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 229-232. 

Abst. Says he was arrested and harshly treated hy drunken Maryland 

soldiers who claimed to be acting under Gov. Ogle's verbal orders. Was 

taken to Maryland and released on bail. 

Aug. 16. Letter. Governor. Ogle to Pennsylvania Council. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 242-243. 

Abst. Denies that failure to reach a satisfactory agreement with Messrs. 
Preston and Kinsey was his fault ; that he will look into the case of Mr. 
Gatchell and do full justice but that the former actions of the latter do 
not cause him to fully credit the truth of the deposition. 

Aug. 18. Order. King in Council to the Governors of Maryland and Penn- 
sylvania to forbid all disorders along the boundaries, also 
enjoining them from making grants in disputed territory. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 2951/2, PP- 27-28. 
Pdb. Scharf, Hist. Md., p. 406. Cf. also Gordon, Hist. Pa., p. 223 ; 
Smith, Hist. Del. Co., p. 247. 

1737. Map. Benjamin Eastburn. Manuscript map of the counties of 
Newcastle, Kent and Sussex upon Delavi^are. Exactly showing 
the road from the town of Newcastle to the town of Lewes near 
Cape Cornelius and from the said Cape the sea coast to Cape 
Henlopen according to a careful survey made in the year 1737. 
Drawn by Benjamin Eastburn, Survey-General of the Provinces 
of Pennsylvania and of the Counties aforesaid. The original 
drawing [slightly damaged] 3 ft. 3 inches by 2 ft. 4 inches. 

Cf. Puttick & Simpson, No. 570. See also Bastburn's map, 1740. 
Note. Eastburn kept notes for "Jersey Surveyors," 1739. 

1737. Map of the town of New-Castle, Delaware, as it appeared in 1656. 
Scale 20 perch to inch, 8 x 13 inches. 

Note. Copy in hands of Mr. Amos C. Brinton, Wilmington, Del. 
1737/8. 
Jan. 2. Proclamation for the Suppression of Tumults, Riots and Disorders 
on the Maryland Border. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 656-657. 

Jan. 4. Letter. James Logan to Governor Ogle. 
Pob. Pa. Arch., ser. 4, v. 1, pp. 657-659. 

1737/8. The case of Messieurs Penn and the People of Pennsylvania, and 
the three lower counties of Newcastle, Kent and Sussex on the 
Delaware, in relation to a Series of Injuries and Hostilities 
made upon them for several Years past by Thomas Cressap and 
others, by the Direction and Authority of Deputy-Governor of 
Maryland. 8 pp. fol. [London]. 

Cf. Sabin, Nos. 59685, 59962 and Allen, Curiosa. No. 353. 



300 



SOURCE MATERIAL 



1737/8. Broadside. The case of the Province of Maryland touching the 
outrageous Riots which have been committed in the Borders of 
that Province by the Inhabitants of Pennsylvania. To be heard 
before the Right Honorable the Lords of the Committee of 
Council for Plantation Affairs upon Thursday 23 Day of Feby. 
1737, at Six of the Clock in the Afternoon. 3 pp. fol. Printed. 

Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 323. 

Pdb. Printed, London, 1737, cf. Sabin, No. 45099, Allen, Curiosa, No. 
350. 

Feb. 4. Committee of Council. Report. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 501-502. 

Abst. Recommend that Lord Baltimore be allowed to withdraw his peti- 
tions as he requests. 

Feb. 23. The case of the proprietors of the province of Pennsylvania and 
the three lower counties of Newcastle, Kent and Sussex on 
Delaware. To be heard before the Right Honorable the Lords 
of the committee of His Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council 
for plantation affairs. At the Cockpit at Whitehall, Thursday 
23 Feby. 1737. 8 pp. fol. Printed by W. Murray. 

Pub. Hazard Reg., v. 2, pp. 200-214, p. 203. Described the running of 
the Octoraro line by Talbot. This is a miniature breviate (?). Discus 
sion of the length and position of the Maryland-Pennsylvania line and 
circle and the East and West Line, p. 209. 

Cf. Puttick & Simpson, No. 848. 



THE "TEMPORARY" LINE. 

1738. 
May 4. Agreement of Lord Baltimore and Messrs. Penn. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 295%, pp. 30-33. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 502-503. 

See also Order of King, 25, May 1738, Calvert Papers, No. 2951/2- 

Abst. Asking that the King's order of 18 Aug. 1737 relating to the 
granting of land be revoked and agreeing to methods of control pending 
final settlement. This allows all lands then possessed to remain as they 
are and all vacant lands, exclusive of the three lower counties, on the 
eas.t side of the Susquehanna to 15% miles south of the latitude of the 
most southern part of the city of Philadelphia and on the west side of 
the said Susquehanna River down so far south as 14 miles and % of a 
mile south of the latitude of the most southern part of the city of Phila- 
delphia to be under the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania and all vacant 
lands in the contest between the proprietors on both sides of the Susque- 
hanna River south of the above mentioned Southern limits to be under 
the jurisdiction of Maryland until the boundaries shall be finally settled. 
[These distances were chosen to come as near as possible to the agree- 
ment of 1732 without confirming it.] 

May 4. Map. Pennsylvania and Maryland [showing boundary lines] 
914x14% in. No scale. Copper plate. 

Oeig. Lib. Cong, (attached to Senex map of 1735) ; Lenox Lib., Emmet 
MSS., No. 5651. Also another copy (but colored) is in map collections. 

Repub. Md. Hist. Soc., Fund Pub. 34, No. 2, p. 134. 

Note. The Lib. Cong, copy was evidently used in drawing up the 1738 
agreement as a Ms, note in the handwriting of Paris, Penn's attorney, 
"This is Lord Baltimore's own plan annexed to his articles. The red 
shows Maryland as we by these articles [1738] have agreed to enlarge 
and extend it." 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 301 

1738. John Penn and Peter Colinson. 9 letters in the autograph of 
John Penn, relating chiefly to the Baltimore litigation . . . 
1738-9. 

Cf. Allen, Curiosa, No. 293. 

Note. Gibson, Hist. York Co., p. 75, footnote states that copies of papers 
accompanied by "handsomely drawn and colored maps" were sent to 
England, ef. map in Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 595 and map of 1740 in 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, front. 

May 25. "Order in Council. Confirming the Proprietors Agreement for 
Temporary Jurisdiction till the Boundarys shall be finally deter- 
mined." 

Ms. Copt. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 42. 

Md. Hist. Soc., Calvert Papers, No. 295 y2, pp. 33-36. 
Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 298-301. 

Gibson, Hist. York Co., pp. 73-75. 
Mombert, Hist. Lancaster Co., pp. 143-145. 
Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 503-504. 
Abst. Acting on a report from the Committee for Plantation Affairs 
dated 4th inst. the King orders among other things, that a Temporary 
Line drawn 15% miles south of Philadelphia on the east side of the 
Susquehanna and 14% miles south of Philadelphia on the west side be the 
limits of the two provinces until the boundary shall be finally settled. 

Aug. 29. Pennsylvania. Proclamation relating to the Royal order. 8 pp. 
12% X 7% in. 

Ms. Oeig. Office of Secy. State, Harrishurg (?). 

Ms. Copy. Md. Land Office. Made 9 May, 1748. 

Abst. Proclamation announcing the receipt of an order of His Majesty, 
in Council of May 25th, in which is recited the deliberations of the Lords 
of the Committee of Council for Plantation Affairs, upon His Majesty's 
order of March 17, 1736/7 and the 21 July 1737, directing the Governors 
of the Provinces of Maryland, Pennsylvania and the three lower counties 
to preserve the peace along the border ; and the eight articles of agree- 
ment entered into by the Proprietaries of each Province before the Com- 
mittee. 

Sept. 30. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Thomas. 

Answered by the following. 
Oct. 12. Letter. Governor Thomas to Governor Ogle. 

Deals with appointment of Commissioner for Temporary Line. 

[Oct. or Nov.] [Record of field work by the jersey Surveyors]. 

Note. Not found but would represent the survey from Philadelphia Six 
miles west to Ladd's House to the Susquehanna. "In the fall of 1738 
. . . the Marylands not attending at the time appointed Penn hired 
two surveyors from the Jerseys to have the business forwarded. Several 
other surveyors attended on them." Lightfoot Journal, 1739. 

Dec. Pennsylvania. Commission to Lawrence Growden and Richard 
Peters on the part of Pennsylvania to join Levin Gale and Sam- 
uel Chamberlaine, commissioners on the part of Maryland, for 
running the temporary lines between the two provinces. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 46. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1. v. 1, p. 601. 

Dec. 5. Pennsylvania Council. Minute of Meeting. Governor George Thomas 
announces the appointment of Lawrence Growden Esq., and Mr. 
Richard Peters, as commissioners and Benjamin Eastburn as 
surveyor, on the part of Pennsylvania, to join the Maryland 
commissioners to run a line as provisional temporary limits 
between the two provinces. 

Pdb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, p. 313. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. Boundaries, 1887, p. 3. 



302 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1738. 

Apr. 23. John Taylor. MSS. field notes [of Survey from Benjamin Ladd's 
house, 6 miles west of Philadelphia, to the forks of the Brandi- 
wine] "in all 31 mile 95p." 

Us. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc. Taylor Papers D, pp. 86-87. 

Note. The lines by Taylor and by the Jersey Surveyors were different 
lines run westward from Phila. to clear the streams for measuring 15 
miles southward (cf. Letter, Peters to Thomas, Apr. 18, 1739). Their 
work was followed by Mason and Dixon in 1763 in placing the "star 
gazers stone" at the forks of the Brandywine (Harlan's). 

1739. Draught of Fabian's Marsh, Poor Robin's Almanac, and other 
tracts in Washington county showing position of Temporary 
Line. 

Ms. In office of Washington County, Md., County Surveyor. 

Note. Shows Temporary Line 225 perches north of Mason and Dixon 

line at Fabian's Marsh on Mr. Bell's farm. 
Cf. Bell, Hist. Leitersburg Dist., p. 46. 

Apr. 18. Letter. Richard Peters to Governor Thomas. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 556. 

Pa. Kept. Secy. Int. AS., Boundaries, 1887, p. 3. 

See also Smith, Hist. Del. Co., p. 249. 
Abst. Gives progress of work and announces that new line is more favor- 
able to Pennsylvania than the others were. 

Apr. 20. Letter. Richard Peters to Governor Thomas. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 556, 557. 

Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pD. 313, 329. 

Pa. Kept. Secy. Int. Aff. Boundaries, 1887, p. 4. 
Abst. Shift in line causes uneasiness and the instruments are compared. 
Lines belie'-ed to be fairly run. 

Apr. 23. Letter. Lawrence Growden and Richard Peters to Governor 
[Thomas]. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 558. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. Boundaries, 1887. pp. 5, 6. 

Abst. Line west of Phila. completed. Conflict over superficial vs. horizon- 
tal measurements on line south. Ask advice, privately, whether they 
shall concede or break with Md. Commissioners. New line 80 pr. south 
of "Jersey Line." 

Apr. 25. Letter. Lawrence Growden ana Peter Richards to Governor 
Thomas. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 559-561. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. Boundaries, 1887, pp 7-8. 

Abst. [Maryland commissioners] "have conceded 25 perches, which is 
the full difference between the superficial and horizontal measure, al- 
though the Maryland commissioners do not know it is." Believe they 
have brought the Maryland commissioners into such a temper that they 
cannot break without prejudice to Lord Baltimore's interest. 

Apr. 29. Letter. Richard Peters and Lawrence Growden to Governor 
Thomas, 

I'UB. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 568. 

Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, pp. 313, 339. 

Abst. When we came to the end of the line were no more than 20 
perches south of the corner the Jersey commissioners had fixed for the 
end. From here proceeded west eight miles to where they are now 
and are only 30 perches south of the Jersey Line. Mr. Gale on account 
of the death of his son, may return home. Acquainted the Maryland 
commissioners that in case of separation lines would be run as far as 
the Patowmoc or as far as there were any settlements and would receive 
a commission for that purpose from the Governor. Mr. Gale states 
that he has no intention of leaving and that if he does he will ask 
the governor of Maryland to appoint a new commissioner. 
P. S. Asks that a new commission be sent them for their use in case of 
separation 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 303 

1739. 

May 1. Letter. Governor Thomas to Lawrence Growden and Richard 
Peters. 

Cf. Letter of 6 May 1739. 

May 1. Governor George Thomas of Pennsylvania. Commission to Law- 
rence Growden, Richard Peters and Benjamin Eastburn, author- 
izing them to proceed with the running of the lines already 
begun in the case of the separation of Col. Levin Gale and Sam- 
uel Chamberlaine without any new appointment of commission 
ers on the part of Maryland: to run all other lines which are 
necessary to ascertain and settle the temporary limits of said 
provinces and to distinguish such lines by marking trees and 
otherwise; to lay all of their proceedings therein before him in 
order that they may be transmitted to His Majesty. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 612. 
Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 421. 

May 6. Commissioners, temporary line. Minutes of proceedings from 5 
April to 6, May 1739. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 4, 6. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 603-611. 

May 6. Report. Lawrence Growden and Richard Peters, commissioners 
appointed by virtue of a commission bearing date at Philadelphia 
5. day of December in the year 1738 to join Colonel Levin Gale 
and Samuel Chamberlaine commissioners on the part of Mary- 
land for running, marking and laying out the provisional and 
temporary limits between the two provinces of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland, agreeable to His Majesty's orders in cc ..ncil, 25th 
May, 1738. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 600. 

Abst. Describes the manner of the meeting and of keeping the proceed- 
ings. Each set of commissioners provided themselves with a "fair paper 
book" in which they recorded the work of each day. This was signed 
by all of the commissioners. These two books were compared and at 
their parting, one was delivered to the Maryland commissioners and tlie 
other to the Pennsylvania commissioners. 

Cf. Deposition, 1740, Apr. 30. 

May 6. Letter. Lawrence Growden and Richard Petere to the Governor 
of Pennsylvania. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 575. 

Abst. Enclose minutes of survey to Susquehanna river and announce a 

going of 110 perches north so that line west of river is only 50 perches 

north of Jersey line on east side. 

May 8. Pennsylvania Council. Minutes of Meeting. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 4, p. 329. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. Boundaries, 1887, p. 8. 

Abst. Governor Thomas lays before the Council the correspondence relat- 
ing to the Temporary line. 

May 28. The report of Lawrence Growden and Richard Peters, commission- 
ers, and Benjamin Eastburn, surveyor, appointed by virtue of 
second commission, being dated Philadelphia, May 1, 1739, for 
proceedings ex parte to finish the temporary lines (already 
begun by us in conjunction with the commissioners of Mary- 
land) between the two provinces of Pennsylvania and Maryland. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, pp. 575-576. 
Pa. ("ol. Rec, V. 4, pp. 813. 329. 
Pa. Hist. Soc, Dunlop Mem., v. 1, p. 191, 



304 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1739. 

Abst. This document is to the effect that in pursuance of the parting 
minutes of the commissioners of both provinces, while in conjunction, 
the lines previously run were approved and we agreed that the lines 
west of the Susquehanna shall begin at a certain hickory tree marked 
with four notches on each side and that the line should be run to the 
river Patomock westward ; that in pursuance of this minute, the line 
was run, May 8, 1739. with the same instruments and the same vari- 
ation (5° 25') heretofore used, and trees felled and blazed to the top 
of a most western hill of a range of hills called the Kittochtinny hills, 
88 miles from the place of beginning. As no persons are permitted to 
settle beyond that range the surveyors were ordered to end here and 
to mark several trees with the initial letters of the names of the pro- 
prietors, as usual at the close of boundary lines. 

1739. Samuel Lightfoot. Some account of the Temporary Line. Parch- 
ment cover, p. sq. O. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. See. 

Abst. A collection of surveyors notes sent to the Hist. Soc. of Penna. by 
.John P. Watson, gift of Jesse Lightfoot, being the notes of his great- 
grandfather, deputy surveyor of Chester County. Lightfoot was ap- 
pointed to take notes after the Jersey Surveyors had run the line six 
miles from Phila. 

1739/40. Map. Draft of Nottingham and ye London Tract and Lands Adja- 
cent by John Taylor. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist Soc, Taylor Papers, Book A, p. 25. 

1739/40. Map. "Draft of the line between Maryland and Pennsylvania" 
from the Susquehanna to the Conegochege. 12%xl6 in. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Boundaries. 

Cf. also No. 273, Coleman Catl. and No. 135, Allen Catl. of Penn Papers. 

Note. Wm. Parsons transmits "one old draught in Jacob Taylor's hand- 
writing copies, I imagine from the large folio book in the [Pa.] Sur- 
veyor General's office." Wm. Parsons letter to Peters 1749 Feb. 9. 

Cf. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 2, p. 41. Ms. note on the map reads : "From Phil, 
to Susq. on a W. course is 70 mi. From Susq. to Conegochege is about 
90 mi. There also shows on face of the map a list of 27 persons that 
live between ye 12 mile circle and Susq. River near the Southern bound 
of Penna." ' 12% x 16 in 

1739-40. Documents Respecting the Temporary Line Boundary, between 
Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1739/40. 

Ms. Orig. Harrisburg. See Hazard, Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1. 
A series of ten papers with Eastburn's map received fromi England in 1754. 
No. 3. Deposition of Growden and Peters, 30 Apr., 1740, acknowledged 
by Lt. Gov. Thomas. 

4. Report of Growden and Peters, 24 Apr., 1740. 

5. Commission's report. 

6. Minutes of proceedings (commissioners). 12 Dec, 1738-42= 
Apr., 1740. 

7. Minutes of proceedings, 5 Apr., 6 May, 1739. 

8. Commission from Gov. Thomas to Growden, Peters, and Eastburn, 
May, 1739. 

No. 9. Report of Growden and Peters to Gov. Thomas, 28 May, 1739. 
No. 10. Report of Eastburn to Gov. Thomas, 24 Apr., 1740. 



No. 
No. 
No. 

No. 
No. 



1739/40. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. "Long list of books, Maps, Deeds, 
Grants, Wills, Acts, etc., produced before the House of Lords on 
the Trial, commencing with 1609." 24 pages, folio ms dated 
1739. 

Allen, Amer. Curiosa, No. 328. 

Stack, Thomas. Deposition to prove a certain copy of Lord Balti- 
more'^: A Relation of Maryland. [Pub. 1635.] 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, pp. 512-516. 
Note. Stack was librarian for Henry Sloan who owned the book. 



EESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 305 

1740. 

John Taylor, Surveyor, [Records of Survey] of line run ex parte 
by Pennsylvania from the Susquehanna westward to the Cono- 
gochoge. 

Copy in possession of Mr. Gilbert Cope, West Chester, Pa. 

J 740. Report of Benjamin Eastburn, surveyor-general to Hon. George 
Thomas. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc. Perm MSS. "Boundaries" 2. pp. F. p. 47. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 614 with map referred to opposite p. 594. 

Abst. Report of the operations beginning at Philadelphia Dec. 8, 1738, 
the running of the lines west of Phila. two miles ; the adjournment for 
the winter : work resumed 13, Apr. 1739, on the west line, which was 
run west 31 miles and was finished on the 23 Apr. ; measurement with 
William Rumsey Maryland surveyor, of the south line 15 miles and^ 
a quarter finished on 26 Apr. ; the running of the west line to the 
Susquehanna finished on 5. May 1739 ; the marking of the tree on the 
west bank of the Susquehanna half a mile to the northward and the 
final running on the eao parte line, which was finished on the 28 May, 
1739. "All of which lines are repeated on thf annexed map." Map 
reduced in Gibson, Hist. York Co., p. 75. See next entry. 

1740. A map by Benj. Eastburn of part of the province of Pennsylvania 
and counties of Newcastle, Kent and Sussex on Delaware, show- 
ing the temporary limits of the jurisdictions of Pennsylvania 
and Maryland, fixed according to an order of His Majesty and 
Council, dated May 25, in the year 1738. Surveyed in the year 
1739. Ms. on parchment 21% in. wide and 23 in. length. Scale 
1 in.=8 m. Includes lat. 38° 30'— 40° 45' N. 

Ms. Orig. Office of Secy. Int. Aff. for Pa. 

Pub. Gibson, Hist. York Co. Pa., p. 75 (reduced %). 
Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 594. 
Present report Plate LXXVII. 

Abst. Shows temporary linp of 1739 west to Kittochtinny Mtns. also 
parallel of latitude for Philadelphia for same distance. The Newcastle 
Circle, the peninsula north and south and east and west lines are also 
shown. Also Octarora line. This is, apparently, the map sent to Eng- 
land by Governor Thomas in 1754 where it was engraved by JefCeries in 
1754. The original came back to America with other Ms. 

Cf. Gibson, Hist. York Co., p. 25, footnote. 

Note. A new edition of map of 1737 with corrections for survey of 1739. 

1740. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. John Penn, Thomas Penn and 
Richard Penn, Plaintiffs. Charles Calvert, Lord Baltimore, de- 
fendant. Plaintiff's case, [with large copy or plate map dated 
Phila., 20 Oct., 1740, showing all the boundary lines in dispute.] 
[London, 1740.] 

Abst. "This very important historical, geographical, and chronological 
summary is printed in long lines close type on each side of 13 large 
folio sheets. It is entirely different from the Great Chancery Case in 
116 pages printed two or three years later. With exception of that 
great storehouse of facts, this is undoubtedly the scarcest and most im- 
portant document up to this date relating to the history and geography 
of Maryland and Pennsylvania." Puttick & Simpson, No. 545. 

1740. Minute book of Proceedings of the Temporary Line from 12 Dec. 
1738. Lawrence Growden and Richard Peters Commissioners 
for Pennsylvania and Levin Gale and Samuel Chamberlain com- 
missioners for Maryland. 

Also report of Benj. Eastburn Surveyor (2 pp.) preceded by 
copies of their commissions from Governor Thomas and his 
Attestation thereto. (17 pp.) 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 602. 



506 



SOURCE MATERIAL, 



1740. 

April 1. Letter. James Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 220. 

Abst. Refers to certain papers. Says affidavit of Amos Nichols Is false. 
Refers to Talbot line. 

April 5. Letter. .Tames Logan to Thomas Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 22L 

Abst. Refers to papers prepared in 1736 and sent to Proprietors in an- 
swer to any argument favorable to Baltimore which might be. inferred 
from Order of 1685. 

April 30. Deposition of Lawrence Growden and Richard Peters, commission- 
ers, and Benjamin Eastburn, surveyor, appointed to run, mark 
and lay out the provisional and temporary limits between Penn- 
sylvania and Maryland in pursuance of his Majesty's order in 
Council, 25 May, 1738. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 599. 

Abst. These appeared before Gov. Thomas and swore that the reports 
annexed were true and the commissioners declare that the copy of the 
commission and the commissioners' minute book and of their proceed- 
ings have been compared with the original, now in their custody, and 
is a true and exact copy. Benjamin Eastburn further says that the map 
annexed is, to the best of his skill and judgment, a true representation 
of the several lines run by the commissioners. 

Note. Hazard says (Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 1), these papers, 10 in all, came 
from England attached together in 1754, cf. 1734, Feb., Letter, Calvert 
to Sharpe, also 1734, report and map. 

Bill of expenses against Lord Baltimore. Commissions on Tem- 
porary Line. 12 p., signed Richard Peters. 

Ms. Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, 1870, No. 51. 

Ms. Copy. Certified by Peters and Hamilton, 1751. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Order that Publication in this 
cause [Penn vs. Baltimore] be further Enlarged for a month. 1 
p. fol. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Order for enlarging publication 3 
weeks, 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 345. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Long list of dates, facts, grants, 
books, papers, maps, etc., to be approved in the cause in London. 
This long series of documents, maps, books, etc., commences in 
1606 and continued to 1740. Ms. 8 p., fol. 1742. 

No. 106, Coleman, Catl. of Penn's Papers, 1870. 

Pa. Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. Penn family, 1768, 1834. 

1743. State of case between Baltimore and Penn with regard to his Lord- 
ship's boundaries as found amongst his Lordship's Papers. 4 
pp. fol 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. Nos. 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 
541. 542. To the great part of it there is no evidence remaining. Most 
of the evidence extant is stated ex parte in the Chancery Breviate. 

Abst. History Virginia from 19 Aug. 1629 when Lord Baltimore peti- 
tioned Charles L for new grant in Virginia. Lord Baltimore will defend 
his right granted in Charter. 

June 2. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Deposition of Hugh Hammersely, 
John Sharp, respecting finding of Order of 1638. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 353. 

Abst. Tell how they had tried to find the order but that it did not 
appear in the files until after the hearing in Chancery had been con- 
cluded. 



1741. 
Aug. 18. 



1742. 
June 17. 



July 13. 



1742. 



RESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



307 



1743. 
June 3. 



June 6. 



June 9. 



June 9. 



June 9. 



June 9. 



June 15 



Oct. 26. 



Oct. 26. 



Oct. ? 



Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Affidavit of W. Rowlandson to the 
delivery of Notice of motion. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 354. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Affidavit of F. J. Paris about 
postponements of hearing and the Order of 1638. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 355-358. No. 355 attested. 
Abst. Claims that Baltimore's counsel could have obtained copy of the 

order of 1638 at any time if they had so desired and that there are no 

grounds for postponement. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Order for leave to exhibit inter- 
rogatories to examine witnesses to prove order in Council of 4 
April, 1638, made on Claiborne's claim and on the order in 
Council. 1, p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 359. 

Defendant's interrogatories to prove copy of Order on Claiborne's 
claim in 1638, with the nature and authority of the book in 
which that order is entered, also a copy of the order of Council 
in 1696. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 366 (10 pp.). 
Another copy No. 367 (3 p.). 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Breviate of additional depositions 
taken under the order of 9 June, 1743, with a copy of the 
Articles. 14 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 360-364, 366. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Defendant's interrogatories to 
prove copy of Order on Claiborne's claim in 1638, with the 
nature and authority of the book in which that order is entei'ed, 
also a copy of the order of Council in 1696. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 366, 367. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Agreement of solicitors to en- 
large time for taking testimony. 1 p. fol. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 368, 369. 

Notes of the argument made use of by the Attorney and Solicitor 
General and the Lord Chancellor on the former hearings of the 
cause in 1743. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 387, 388, 389. 

Notes of the argument made use of by the Lord Chancellor on the 
former hearing of this cause in 1743, with a copy of Governor 
Ogle's letter of 1 December, 1750. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. No. 390. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Breviate. "Upon a bill to compell 
a specifick execution of Articles of Agreement entered into 
between the Partys for settling the Boundarys of the Province 
of Pensilvania, the Three Lower Countys, and the Province of 
Maryland, and for perpetuating Testimony, etc. 

Ms. 116 pp., fol. vsrith 2 maps. "Copy of Lord Baits. Own Plan, annexed 
to the articles of agreement (showing lines in red). Our map of the 
Places in Question proved in the cause by four surveyors ; some of which 
are of other Provinces." 

Ms. Copy. Cf. Allen, Catl. Penn Papers. 1870, No. 193. 

Pub. For the Plaintiffs, London, 1743. 2 maps. Copy handsomely bound 
presented Phila. Liby. by Granville Penn. See No. 1624, Ridgway 
branch. Copies also in Md. Hist. Soc. and Pa. State Liby., Harvard 
Univ. Cf. Sabin. No. 34416. and Barlow Americana and No. 361. 



308 SOUKCE MATERIAL 

1743. 

Proofs. Original rough corrected proof sheets accompanied by the Lord 
Baltimore map revised in 1732. Proofs endorsed by Attorney P. J. 
Paris. 'Foul first proofs,' 1743. Cf. Allen, Catl. Penn Papers, 1870, No. 
166. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16 (entire vol.), vt^ith two maps of the original. 
1743/4/ 
Feb. 18. Letter. Governor Thomas Bladen to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1102. 

Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 97-100. 

Abst. Glad to hear of success against Penns. Refers to Pennsylvania 

report that Agreement is void and that Baltimore pays 5000 pounds. 

This Baltimore says is not so. 

Feb. 20. Letter. Benjamin Tasker to Charles, Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 1103. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 100-101. 

Abst. Congratulates Baltimore on victory over Penn. Believes Penn 
"has granted lands to a very great value since the year 1741." 
1744. 

Nov. 20. Letter. Benjamin Tasker to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1127. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 114-115. 

Abst. Refers to Pennsylvania encroachments near head of Chester on land 
of Mr. Sewall of Maryland. 

1747. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Depositions on Plaintiff's part, 
pp. 44, 110. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 381. 

Imperfect copies Nos. 382, 383, 384. 385. 
Note. For analysis of these depositions see Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Proofs for the Defendant. An- 
drew Hamilton, Samuel Steel and Samuel Logan. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 3S6. 

Abst. Proofs to disqualify and impeach the credit of several persons 
who had been examined as witnesses on the part of the Plaintifif, and 
to prevent their depositions ( ?) being read as evidence. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Abstract of exhibit for Defend- 
ant, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14 pp. fol. 

M.S. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 194%. 

Exhibit 3. Extracts of attested copies from Council Books. 

Exhibit 4. 1672-1686. Abstracts of several grants on large tracts of 
land on west side Delaware River recorded in Record 
Books of Md. 

Exhibit 6. AflSdavits regarding printed copy of map. 

Exhibit 7. Minutes of commissioners. 

Exhibit 8. 1670-72. 22 certificates regarding surveys of land on sea- 
side of Delaware Bay. 

Exhibit 9. True copy of extracts from Secy's ofl5ce in New York. 

May 14. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Supplemental Bill and Bill of 
Reviser. 
Ms. Copies. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, Nos. 417, 418, 419. 420. 
Note. 419 thoroughly annoted. 

Nov. 7. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Several answers of Charles Cal- 
vert, Lord Baltimore, to the Bill of Revisor and Supplemental 
Bill of Thomas Penn and Richard Penn. 3 pp. fol. 
Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. No. 422. 

Abst. Denies unnecessary delays and makes several claims, among others 
that the plaintiff's were not entitled to Three Lower Counties through 
.Tohn Penn's will. 
s 

Dec. 3. Letter. Governor Ogle to President Palmer. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 187-188. 

Abst. Introduces Capt. Chas. Higginbotham who claimed land north of 
Temporary Line under a Maryland grant and asks assistance of Pennsyl- 
vania in gaining possessions. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 309 

1747/8. 
Jan. 23. Petition of Charles Higginbotham with a statement of his case. 

Pub. Fa. Col. Rec, v. 5. pp. 190-191. 

Abst. Claims title to 172 acres on north side of Codorus Creek under 
Maryland grants dated 5, May 1737. 

Jan. 25. Letter. Richard Peters, Secy. Pennsylvania Council, to Charles 
Higginbotham. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 191-192. 

Abst. Appoint hearing for flrs.t Tuesday in April when Nichlas Perie 
the present possessor may state his side of the case. 

Jan. 25. Letter, President Palmer to Governor Ogle. 

Ptjb. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 192. 

Abst. Announces action taken and gives notice of hearing to be held in 
April. 
1748. 
April 5-6. Pennsylvania Council. Minute of Meeting. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec. v. 5, pp. 218-221. 

Abst. Gives answer to Nicholas Perie. his grant from Pennsylvania 

dated 30 Oct. 1736, and Hlgginbotham's answer. Also testimony of 

Maryland surveyor. 

April 11. Letter. President Palmer to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 225. 

Abst. Find Higginbotham has never seen the land while Perie had had 

possession since before the Order of 25 May, 1738, therefore cannot 

dispossess him. 

1748/9. Humble petition of Charles, Lord Baltimore in Kingdom of Ire- 
land, absolute lord proprietor of Province of Maryland in Amer- 
ica, to the Honorable the Commons of Great Britain in Parlia- 
ment Assembled. 

Ms, Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 428, 429. 

Abst. Reviews history of grant and prays House of Commons that he 
may be heard against the bill now before Commons involving prop, 
rights in America. Title of Bill — "For the Better enforcing of his 
Majesty's Orders & Instructions throughout the colonies & Plantations." 

Jan. 10. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Notice to defendant of an exam- 
ination of witnesses. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copi'. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 435, 436. 

Feb. 10. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Hamilton. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec. v. 5, pp. 382-3S3. 

Abst. Complains against the service of a writ from Chester County on a 
tract of land south of the Temporary Line held under Maryland title. 

Feb. 12. Letter. Thomas Penn to Governor Thomas. 

Ms. Oeig. Amer. Philos. Soc 

ABST. Lewis Evans and John Bartram to reconnoitre boundaries without 

surveyors about which he desires no time lost. Does not approve the 

persons Mr. Peters mentions to be sent. 

Feb. 12. Letter. Thomas Penn to Governor Hamilton. 

Ms. Orig. Amer. Philos. Soc. 

ABST. Lord Baltimore tells him Ogle has been requested to unite in 
running the temporary line further west 



310 SOtTRCE MATERIAL 

1748/9. 
Feb. 21. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Defendant's instructions to oppose 
notice of motion. 8 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 426. 
Abst. a history of grants made, etc., from 1680. 

Feb. 26. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Petition of Lord Baltimore to 
Lord Chancellor to adjourn case till 1st day of cases after Eas- 
ter. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc., Calvert Papers, Nos. 350, 351, 437, 438. 
Abst. Time asked for Plaintiffs to amend their bill and appoint new 
party. To insure the presence of Mr. Henley. 

Mar 17. Pennsylvania Council. Minute of Meeting. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 377. 

Abst. Decide that although Purney was shot by an Indian in Diggs' 
Patent, which was under Maryland jurisdiction, they would consult 
Attorney-General as to what they should do. 
1749. 
April 17. Letter. Governor Hamilton to Governor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 383-384. 

Abst. Says he is looking into the case carefully and will write more 
fully later. 

May 8. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Depositions on Plaintiffs. 45 pp. 
fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 431. 

Paul Vaillant p. 2-9, Int. 1. Charles Davis, p. 9-11. int. 1. Peter CoUin- 
son, p. 18-26. Int. 2. John Lewis Hansen, p. 27. Int. 3. 

May 15. Letter. Governor Hamilton to Governor Ogle. 

Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 384-387. 

Abst. Thinks the facts show that the Pennsylvania officers were acting 
within their rights and sends documents to substantiate his position. 

June 6. Letter. Thomas Penn to Governor Hamilton. 

Ms. Orig. Amer. Philos. Soc. 

Abst. Lord Baltimore favors extension of line westward but has now 
gone to Prance so that no directions have been sent. Is to propose at 
once to Ogle appointment of commissioners and surveyors for running 
in the plainest manner the line to Meridan of the first fountain only, and 
to set up a "crown" stone at that corner. 

Sept. 23. Letter. Governor Hamilton to Gcvernor Ogle. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 421-422. 

Abst. Believes that the Temporary Line should be extended to its western 
limit because of rapid development of the country. Suggests that Com- 
missioners be appointed to extend the line to the meridian of the head 
of the Potomac. 

Nov. 30. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Hamilton. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 422. 

Abst. Ready to do what he can but line west of Susquehanna was run 
ex parte by Pennsylvania. Asks additional information before com- 
municating with Lord Baltimore. 

1749. Map of Pensilvania, New Jersey, New Yorke and the three Dela- 
ware Counties: by Lewis Evans. MDCXLIX. L. Herbert Sculp 
Engraved 19 x 25 in. Colored or uncolored. Including 38° 13' — 
43° 45' N. Lat. and 73° 15'— 78° 15' W. Long 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 1044, 1045. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. Boundaries, cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn 
Papers, No. 273. 



EESURVEY OF MASOlST-BlXON LINE 311 

1749. 

Pub. Phlla., L. Evans, 1749 (Lib. Cong.) 
Cincinnati Gazette, 1846. 

Cf. Olden Times, v. 1, p. 333, July, 1846 ; Pa. Arch., ser. 3, Apx. 
maps. 

Note. Shows circular boundary and temporary line. Temporary line run 
with variation of 5° 25' W. "This variation has decreased 1" in 18 or 
20 yrs. in these Lat's for 70 years past." Endorsements regarding 
boundaries indicate use in law suit. 

1750? Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. List of evidence for the plaintiff. 
12 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 442. 

1750? Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Mr. Brown's Notes for his In- 
tended Argument. 19 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 440, 441. 
AbSt. History of the settlement from 1632 when the King granted the 
land to Cecilius, Lord Baltimore. 

1750? Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Henly, Robert, opinions of, on 
Lines of three Lower Counties. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 453. 

Abst. Circle must be drawn 12 miles, but must be done by superficial 
measure. The 15 miles due South from Phila. can be measured by 
same. Point of Cape Henlopen not to be taken from any maps, but 
determined by best evidence possible. Disagreements should be settled 
by special report to court or chancellor. 

1750. Amendments made by Plaintiffs to their Bill since the argument 
of the Defendant's Plea. 15 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. Nos. 552, 553. 

Abst. Since Old Bill entirely changed from fo. 495 this copy of the 

amended portion is forwarded to learn what amendments are proposed 

in Deft. plea. 

1750. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Additional Brief of Penn. 4 pp. 
fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 439. 

Abst. 1632 Md. Charter, Penn's Title History of the two Provinces from 
1664. 

1750? Observations by way of a Letter and Answer in relation to the 
Original Right. 17 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1140, 1141. 1142. 

Abst. A Letter, 27 Mar. 1749, from gentleman in Pennsylvania to his 
friend in Maryland (with some reasons why Northern boundary of Mary- 
land cannot by any words in Charter to Lord Baltimore be extended to 
any part of 40° Latitude, but that it is limited by a line which is 39° 
Compleat from the equinotial Line. Wi|th a case stated and laid before 
Countcil relating to the construction of Lord Baltimore's Charter, and the 
opinion of Council thereon. Together with an answer to foregoing letter. 
With some arguments showing mistakes therein and proving that North 
Boundary of Maryland is and was intended to be a Parallel of Latitude or 
Line at the end of 40° or 40° Compleat from the equinotial Line. 

For your Perusal in Order to the giving a joint opinion with the 
other Council at a Conference which is desired to be held with 
your first conveniency (as a ship is going in a few days for 
America) upon some doubts and difficultys which have arisen 
between the Comrs. 

After careful review of the case questions are asked regarding 

1. What manner are the 12 miles to be run superficially or horizontally, 
by mensuration. 



312 SOUKCE MATEEIAI. 

1750. 

2. Is southermost part of Phila. to be determined as the town was In 

1732, 01- as in 1751 or at the time of laying out. 

3. HoV can the point of beginning for the transpeninsular line be fixed if 

"Cape Henlopen is a district" as explained by the Chancellor? 

4. If there are disagreements in laying out the line ought the Commis 

sioners to stand out or give in on account of great expense. 

5. Lord Baltimore and his Com. wishing to carry out the decree wish 

instructions so that "their proceedings may upon every occasion 
stand the strictest scrutiny of the Court." 
1749/50. 
Jan. 31. Letter. Mr. Gregory, of PhiladelpMa, to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1143. 

Abst. Recommends man to whom Lord Baltimore should go for assistance 
in his case. 

Feb. 7. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Hamilton. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1. v. 2, p. 40. 

See ref. in Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 422. 
Abst. Hopes line will be determined soon as Virginia and the Ohio Com- 
pany are also interested in its extension west of Maryland. 

Feb. 9. Letter. William Parsons to Richard Peters. 

PoB. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 2, p. 41. 

Abst. Transmits all of the papers in his possession referring to the 
temporary line. 

John Watson available as surveyor would never proceed from South to 
North on mid-peninsular line and would not begin until August. He 
must have two Indians for extending Temporary line. 

Mar. 16. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Petition of the Plaintiff on the 
Decree. 5 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 458. 459. 

Abst. Petition that Circle round Newcastle ought to be 12 miles from 
center according to horizontal, not superficial measure. That 15 miles 
south of Phila. ought to be measured by same. That impartial commis- 
sioners be appointed. That High Chancellor give final decision on dis- 
putes. 

May 7. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Further evidence read for the 
plaintiff on Monday, 7 May. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 443. 

Abst. 1, July 1731. Lord Baltimore's petition to Council. 

2, January 1749/50, Writ of execution for Defendant to produce notes 

of Service or Writ of execution. 
24, Nov. 1734. Parting minute. 

8. Aug. 1734, Defendant's petition for confirming grant. 
16, May 1735, Order postponing commission of this grant. 
12, Apr. 1737, To show location of Newcastle produced in order to 
authenticate Dutch maps. 

THE PENINSULAR LINE. 

May 15. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Decree of Lord Chancellor on 
Articles of 1732. 11 pp. fol. 

Ms. Orig. ? 38 sheets of parchment, cf. Allen. Cat. Penn Papers, No. 133. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 444, 445. 

Pa. Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. 
Abst. Declares that the Articles are valid and should be executed, but said 
Articles do not bind any Interest of the Crown or any land outside of the 
respective Grants. Commissioners be appointed. The center ought to be 
in the middle of Newcastle. Cape Henlopen should be taken as on Map 
annexed to Articles. May apply to court at any time. 
Cf. Vesej^ Rep., v. 1, pp. 444-456 and suppl 
McMahon, Hist. Md., t. 1, p. 41. 
Smith, Laws of Pa., v. 2, p. 135. 
Scharf, Hist. Md., d. 407. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON"-DIXON LINE 



313 



1750. 

May 15, Chancery. Penn vs. Batimore. Notes of the Lord Chancellor's 
argument on his pronouncing his Decree in the Cause for Estab- 
lishing the articles of Agreement of 10 May, 1732. 7 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 446. 

Abst. Tlie Relief prayed for is a Common Ordinary Relief and must be 
given, unless sufficient objections are made. Proves that the Court must 
have judged the agreement and manner of Performing it. That the 
Agreement was not voluntary. Great national advantages should be con- 
sidered, not little minute advantages. Lord Chancellor decrees a Specific 
Performance of the articles with the costs of suit to be paid to the 
Plaintiffs. 

Note. For early outline of this decree see : Map, Mitchell, 1755. 

May 20. Letter. Governor Ogle to Governor Hamilton. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 2, p. 46. 

Abst. Thinks it unnecessary to go to the expense of appointing commis- 
sioners to settle the boundary at present because Governor of Virginia 
[Dinwiddie] has requested appointment of commissioners. Protests 
against running of ex parte line to five degrees of long, as Virginia may 
object. 

Note. Read to Pa. Council, July 81. 



May. 



June 26. 



June 28. 



June 30. 



Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Copy of minutes on hearing. 8vo. 
15 pp. n. t. p. 



Vesey Senate reports, pp. 444-456. 
See also McMahon, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 
Smith, Ijaws of Pa. Learned. Note, v. 



Pdb. 

41. 

2, p. 135. 

Abst. Summary of proceedings in Chancery and decree by Lord Hardwicke 
as to specific performance of agreement of 1732, position of true Cape 
Henlopen, etc. The decree covers 38 parchments 22"x28" and the whole 
contains nearly 2,000 lines of writing. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Penn's solicitors proposed altera- 
tions to the Draft. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 447. 
Abst. List of words to be inserted or left out. 

Commission for running the Boundary Lines pursuant to the 
Decree. 

Ms. Copies. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 153, 4471/2 (6 p. fol.'. 

4t8 (5 pp. fol.). 
Abst. Both parties agree — 

1. That Draught on margin of Agreement is true one. 

2. That 12 miles should be 12 English statute miles. 

3. That lineTje run across Peninsula. 

4. That in exact middle of line a straight line be run North, 

5. That at the North End a line be run within 15 English stal 

South of Philadelphia. 

6. That a Due Bast & West line be run. 

Cf. McMahon, Hist, of Md., v. 1, p. 42, footnote. 

Draft of the Commissions prepared for Mr. Penn to authorize 
Commissioners to run the Boundary Lines pursuant to the De- 
cree. 5 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 449. 
Note. Same as Calvert Papers, No. 447%. 

An account of the question in dispute between Lord Baltimore 
and Penns, with a map of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and 
New Jersey. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. No. 1049. 

Abst. By Grant of Charles II to Mr. Penn, Pennsylvania was to extend 

south as far as beginning of 2nd Isthmus and Bay, except Newcastle. 

Questions whether Lord Baltimore can claim land N. of Peninsula and 

Delaware and Chesapeake Bays, now settled over 70 years. Questions 

whether alteration of Latitudes is of consequence. 



statute miif's 



314 SOURCE MATERIAL | 

1750. 

July 27. Letter. Mr. P. Gregory to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1144. 

Abst. Answprs Lord Baltimore that he has power to make tnc J>scree in 
favor of Plaintiffs of very short duration. Advises him never to give 
his oioi release. 

Aug. 4. Letter. Mr. P. Gregory to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1145. 

Abst. Recommends to Lord Baltimore Mr. Taylor who can explain what 
has before been asserted and proven about rights to 3 Lower Counties. 

1750. Map. John Watson. "Plan of the town of Newcastle as made by 
Mr. Emory and other surveyors on the part of Lord Baltimore 
in the presence and hy the direction of Messrs. Malcom and 
Leeds, mathematicians employed by His Lordship's commission- 
ers on the 16th and 17th day of November, 1750." 

"I also made a plan of said survey in which was pricked off the place in 
which the courthouse [of Newcastle] stood as taken down in the notes, 
as the center of said town in respect of east and west, and north and 
south, and found the same about 9.6 P to the northward of the courthouse 
and one 1.25 P to the westward ; which plan was presented to our com- 
missioners with this title [see title as given above]. This title was 
drawn by Wm. Parsons, a very ingenious gentleman." Cf. John Wat- 
son's diary, Nov. 17, 1750 ; in Pa. Hist. Soc. 

"In the plan of the survey presented to our commissioners by the Maryland 
surveyors, they only made a point in the plan which was found to be 
destined for the situation of the courthouse." 

"The point in the Maryland plan mentioned in these before and sup- 
posed destined to represent the situation of the courthouse was since 
discovered to be intended for the center of gravity of the town of New- 
castle, which, it seems, the Maryland commissioners and mathematicians 
attempted to find in this ridiculous manner, viz. : Having made an exact 
plan of the survey of the Town upon a piece of paper, they carefully 
pared away the edges of the drought until no more than the drought was 
left, when sticking a pin through it, they suspended it thereby in different 
places until they found a place whereby it might be suspended horizontally 
which point or place they accepted as the center of gravity." 

John Watson's diary, Nov. 22, 1750. 

Nov. 24. Proceedings of Commissioners of 1750. "Penn agst. Bait. Papers 
and minutes of the comrs. proceedings from 15 to 24 Nov., 1750, 
inclusive." 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 450. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp 51, 52. (Incomplete.) 

Cf. McMahon, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 42, footnote. 

Abst. Commissioners for 1750. Messrs. Benedict Calvert, Edmund Jennings, 

Robert Henry and John Ross, for IMaryland : William Alien, Thomas 

Hopkinson, Richard Peters, Thomas Cookson, Ryves Holt, Benjamin Chew 

and Tench Francis, for Pennsylvania. 

Nov. 24. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. State of the Commissioner's Pro- 
ceedings under the Decree of the case of Penn vs. Baltimore. 12 
pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 452. 

Nov. 24. Letter. Governor Hamilton to President Benjamin Tasker. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 586-589. 

Abst. Argues that right of jurisdiction has not been proven. 

Dec. 23. Unsigned Letter [probably from Governor Hamilton or Richard 
Peters to the Penns]. 2 p. fol. 

Ms. OpiG. Pa. Hist. Soc, I'enn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 04. 

Abst. "When the commissioners parted at Newcastle we were all of the 
opinion the matters should fli'st be settled by the proprietors. We con- 
sented to give them one open instruction, viz., to run a true north line, 
and if they could not recover their true noi-tb meridian to leave off and 
make return of their proceedings to us." 



KESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 315 

1751. Field notes of the surveyors employed to run the Transpeninsular 
line in 1751. 40 pp. 

Ms. Oeig. Gilmor. Md. Papers, v. 2, Div. 3, No. 1. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Misc. Pub. 

1751, A very interesting official certified document relative to the boun- 
' daries of the Chesapeake river, signed by John Meakins and 

Nicholas Ridley, Esq., a magistrate for the county of Kent, with 
seal of that county. 1751. 4 p. fol. 

Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 6. 

1751. Reasons by Lord Baltimore's mathematician for a superficial 
measure if that measure is found for Lord Baltimore's advan- 
tage. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 454. 
1750/1. 
Jan. 25. Bill. John Watson. In MSS. book containing drafts of surveys. 

Ms. Oeig. In possession of Mrs. Isabella T. Watson, Doylestown, Pa., 
widow of Judge Richard W. Watson. Surveyor Watson was a cousin of 
Judge Watson's grandfather. 

ABST. "25th Jan. 1750/1 Dr., The Honble. Propt. of Pennsylvania, to John 
Watson, Jr. To my attendance on Wm. Parsons in running the line 
between the propn. Penn and Baltimore from 13th Decmr. last to the 
25th instant, in all 43 days, at 15s per diem (£32-5-0^ Received of 
Richard Hockley the full contents of above amount. John Watson, Junr." 

Feb. 23. Letter from Gov. Sharpe to Mr. Jennings. 7 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1146. 

Abst. His opinion abount running lines of 3 Lower Counties. 

1st. Approves of superficial not horizontal line in measuring line 12 miles 

from Newcastle. 
2nd. Same measurements must be used in running the 15 mile line from 

southermost part of Philadelphia. 
3rd. Find exact point of Cape Henlopen by surveying the two extremi- 
ties of the Cape and then finding the exact center of the line 
between the extremities of the Cape. 

Mar. 1. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Depositions of Martin Fokes, 
Peter Davall, John Robertson in regard to Agreement of 1732. 
15 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 455. 

Abst. Depose that according to agreement there shall be the circle men- 
tioned in chapter. There shall be horizontal measure used. The circle 
shall be marked at 12 miles from Newcastle according to horizontal lines. 

Mar. 17. John Watson [Diary]. 13 Nov., 1750—17 March, 1751. 116 p. D. 

Ms. Okig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Gilpin MSS. 
See Johnson. Hist. Cecil Co., p. 303. 
Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co., p. 10. 

Abst. Presented by the late Wm. D. Gilpin, of Philadelphia. Found 
among some old papers at his paper-mill in 1841 at Wilmington, Del., by 
Thos. Gilpin. 

Mar. 19. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Affidavit of Ferd John Paris con- 
cerning commission under decree. 17 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 460. 

Abst. Complains of retention of Ross and Edmunds and the failure of Dep. 
Governor of Maryland to appoint new commissioners. 



316 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1750/1. 

Mar. 22. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Affidavit of John Browning and 
Hugh Hamersly. 26 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 461. 
Copy of game 4 pp. fol. Calvert Papers, No. 462. 
Copy of same 4 pp. lol. Calvert Papers, No. 463. 

Abst. Hamersley drew up Draft & delivered it to Plaintiff's Solicitor who 
signed it. Entirely new list of commissioners named. Draft of Com. 
executed on 28 .Tune. Dispute about name of Jennings & Ross as Com- 
missioners. Commissioners instructed to adhere to Decree. 
1751. 
Mar. 27. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Petition of Baltimore's Solicitor. 
2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 464. 

Note. Petition adjourned till 29 March in order that the Defendant might 
be consulted. 

Mar. 29. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Order of Lord Chancellor for 
Commissioners to run the lines horizontally and not superfi- 
cially. 26 pp. fol. 

Ms. CoPX. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 466. 

Abst. Recites former orders and decides that measurements should be 
according to horizontal not superficial lines. Costs to be divided same 
as of Decree. 

April 12. Agreement between Lord Baltimore and Abraham Taylor in refer- 
ence to evidence to be furnished. [Parchment] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 154. 

April 22. Proceedings in April, 1751, of the Commissioners for running the 
line between Maryland and Pennsylvania agreeing to run the 
due west line across the Peninsula. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 467, 20 pp. fol. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 52, 9 pp. fol., attested, 

Phila., 30 May, 1751, by R. Peters. 
See also McMahon, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 43. 
Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 52. 

Abst. Dispute as to where Cape Henlopen is and where to begin the line. 
Finally agreed to begin line from "Cape Henlopen" which is a point on 
the verge of the main ocean 139 perches due east from a stone fixed by 
Commissioners on northern part of Fenwick's Island and run across 
Peninsula to Bay of Chesapeake. Adjourned from 29 April to 20 June 
1751 in order for Surveyors to run that Line. 

Note. All these meetings held at or near Fenwick's Island, 23-29 April. 

April 29. Directions of Joint Commissioners to Joint Surveyors to run east 
and west line across the Peninsula. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 471 (same as 1st part Cal- 
vert Papers, 469, 15 June). 

May 4. Case of Lord Baltimore's will with Mr. Jedrell's opinion. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 472. 

Abst. Mr. Jedrell thinks Lord Baltimore had no power to devise the 
Province of Maryland away from the present Lord. 

May 4. Case of Lord Batimore's will. With opinion of Mr. Wilbraham. 
4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 473. 

See also Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 475-488 on same subject. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



317 



1751. 

May 19. 



June 15. 



June 15. 



June 15. 



June 17. 



June 17. 



Letter. William Parsons to Richard Peters, Esqr. "The latter 
part of the surveyors journal and the commrs. approbacon." 2 
p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Prnn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 53. 

Abst. Reporting the difficulties encountered in running tlie transpeninsular 
line through the Pocomoke Swamp, the stones set up, the men employed 
and the further distance to Chesapealje bay. 19 May 17.51. "From Mount 
Comfort near Mr. George Hearn's, between Broad Creek and Pocomoke 
River." Preceded by a journal of surveyor's proceedings for one day, 
7th May 1751 (evidently end page of their journal for a given period.) 

Journal of John Emory & Thomas Jones, containing instructions 
to surveyors. 20 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 469, 470 (incomplete, 4 pp 

fol.) 
Abst. Gives an account of the running of the transpeninsular line. 

Map. John Emory and William Killen. MSS. map of Taylor's 
and James' Island, Dorchester County, Maryland. 21 x 37 in. 
Scale: 1 in.=200 perches. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 1047 (parchment). 
Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 57. 
Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 35. 

Note. "And for the better information of the Court [Lord High Chan- 
cellor] on this point [as to the termination of the east and west line of 
the Chesapeake] it is further agreed by the commissioners that such 
a general survey or plan shall be taken of Taylor's island, James island. 
Hills point and the land of other islands, near the same, together with 
the waters surrounding them as may be proper for the purpose ; and that 
John Emory, on the part of Lord Baltimore, and Wm. Killen, on the part 
of the proprietors of Pennsylvania are hereby appointed by the said com- 
missioners to make such survey and plan, copies whereof are to be deliv- 
ered to the commissioners of each side as soon as conveniently may be." 
14 June 1751. Minutes of Comm. 

Journal of Survey of trans-peninsular line, 17 May-12 June 1751. 
With the approval of the commissioners on the 14th June, 1751, 
at Mrs. Pollard's and order that they be incorporated in their 
[commissioners] minutes. A supplementary journal for com- 
pleting the line to Chesapeake bay, June 14 and 15 and second 
approval of commissioners 15 June, 1751 at Mr. Travers. En- 
dorsed 3rd December 1757: "Examined with the original tran- 
script under seal by us. Jno. Towse, Rich. Gilbert." 18 pp. fol. 
Text 8 p. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 54-56. 
Cf. Journal of John Emory above. 

Commissioners of 1751. Minutes of Proceedings at Mr. Pollard's, 
in Dorchester County, 14th to 17th June, 1751. 4 p. fol. 

Endorsed at end, "A true copy, Richard Peters." "14, 15 and 
17 June, 1751. Copy of the Commrs. minutes abo. the west line." 

Ms. Copy. Penn Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 57. 
Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 95. 

Minutes of the Commissioners for running Lines between Maryland 
and Pennsylvania at Cape Henlopen, with a copy of the Com- 
missioners' minutes about the west Line, as received from 
Messrs. Penn. For Attorney General's Perusal in order that 
Lord Baltimore may have an opportunity of Discovering line 
thereon for which purpose his Lordship will with Attorney Gen- 
eral's consent wait upon him. 9 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 468. 
Pub. McMahon, Hist. Md., v. 1, p. 43. 



318 



SOURCE MATERIAL. 



1752. Original Map used in Penn vs. Baltimore suit and endorsed "A 
little Hand map or Scheme to shew roughly how the two 
Provinces (Pa. and Md.) lye to each other," 1752. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. 
Allen, Amer. Curiosa, No. 327. 
Coleman, Cat, Penn Papers, No. 31. 
Cf. Map with Breviate, 1743. 

March 28. Letter. William Parsons 28 March 1752 [to Richard Peters or 
Thomas Penn]. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 240. 

Abst. Observations on Mr. Jack's letter concerning the method of running 

the circle about Newcastle, etc. 

April 16. Letter, President Benjamin Tasker to Governor Hamilton. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 582. 

Abst. Asks that Martin Kitzmiller and family who had murdered Dudly 

Digges in territory under Maryland jurisdiction be turned over to him for 

trial. 

April 24. Letter. Governor Hamilton to President Benjamin Tasker. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 582-583. 

Abst. Questions the jurisdiction of Maryland and asks for evidence in 
proof of claim. 

May 5. Letter. President Benjamin Tasker to Governor Hamilton. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 583-586. 

Abst. Enclosed depositions of John Lemmon and Robert Owings to prove 
that the crime was committed under Maryland jurisdiction. 

May 15. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Ogle. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1147. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub., No. 34, pp. 124-132. 

Abst. ^^orth part of Delaware Bay was by charter intended to be North 
part of Boundary of Maryland. Asked to statp wherein the Penns over 
reached the late Lord Baltimore, in Agreement of 1732. Apparently 
holds that Talbot line was about right and that contentions were due to 
observations of 1714 showing 40° to be higher than supposed. 

May 15. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Edmund Jennings. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1147. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub., No. 34, pp. 132-139. 

Abst. Gives a succinct history of boundary controversy, especially since 
1732 and asks for advice on what the proper lines should be. Regards 
agreement of 1732 as weak and says Mr. Paris is afraid old agreement ii 
void. 

May 28. Letter. Sharpe to Mr. Penn. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1150. 

Abst. Tells what passed between the Mr. Speaker and Mr. Penn. Mr. 
Penn wanted to urge his suit immediately and Mr. Speaker advised that 
he wait till Lord Baltimore was of age. Both anxious for friendly re.a- 
tions to be restored. 



June 30. Petition of Penns to King about Commissioners. 3 pp. fol. 

M!s. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 488. 

Abst. Ask that King appoint proper persons to join with Penn's Commis- 
sioners to ascertain boundary line of Pennsylvania. [Deals with Northern 
boundary in part] . 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 319 

1752. 
July 30. Letter. President Benjamin Tasker to Governor Hamilton. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, pp. 5«9-596. 

Abst. Reviews question of jurisdiction over Digges Tract enclosing deposi- 
tion of John Logsdon. This is followed pp. 594-.596, by the minutes of 
the Pennsylvania Council on the case and by the following letter of 
Governor Hamilton (Sept. 28). 

Sept. 14. Letter. Edmund Jennings to Cecilius Calvert. 22 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1151. 

Abst. A summary of the Mutual Pretensions and Proceedings in relations 
to the Boundary of Maryland and Pennsylvania and 3 Lower Counties. 

Sept. 28. Letter. Governor Hamilton to President Benjamin Tasker. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 5, p. 596. 

Abst. Announces that the Kitzmillers will be tried at York in October 
and that the Maryland authorities may present their claims to jurisdic- 
tion to the court. 

1752. Petition of Lord Baltimore, to oblige Penn to join in ascertaining 
the Boundary. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 297i^. 
July 9. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Benjamin Tasker. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1147. 

Pdb. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub., No. 34, pp. 147-161. 

Abst. Refers to enclosed copy of Messrs. Penn's petition to the King in 
Council concerning the South Bounds of Pensilvania to which the guard- 
ians of Lord Baltimore had filed a caveat before the Lords of Trades and 
Plantations. 

July 9. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Edmund Jennings. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 1147. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub., No. 34, p. 163. 

Abst. Contains additional thoughts concerning the Boundaries. Encloses 
a copy of Penn's petition. [See Guard Book for copy of petition.] 

Nov. Brief on 2 Petitions of Messrs. Penn and The Guardians of the 

Right Hon Honble Frederick Lord Baltimore an Infant, For the 
Guardians in support of their petition. 22 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 489. 490, 491, 492. 

■'To be heard before the Lords Comrs for Trade and Plantations on 
Thursda 9t,h Novb. 1752 between 11 and 12 o'clock in the forenoon." 

Abst. Frederick Lord Baltimore's guardians petition that the discussion 
of boundary lines between Maryland and Pennsylvania be postponed till 
Lord Baltimore is of age. They criticise the bringing of Penn's petition 
for a boundary commission at this time and complain of the omission of 
all reference to Lord Baltimore's interest in the question. 
1753. 
Mar. 22. Petition of Penn. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 456. 

Abst. Center of circle ought to be fixed in the middle of Newcastle and 

that it be of a radius of 12 miles. Henlopen should be located as on the 

maps attached to articles. 

Mar. 22. Instructions to oppose Petition of Penns. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 457, 14 pp. fol. 

May 1. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Instructions for a Conference 
with the Speaker on 1, May 1753. In affairs of Lord Baltimore 
& Messrs. Penn. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. Nos. 496, 497, 498. 

Abst. The questions considered were wther the former agreement still 
held ; whether the Penns had claim to £5,000, what should be proposed or 
inserted in new agreement and whether Baltimore better petition sepa- 
rately or with Penns for a settlement of the boundaries. 



320 



SOUBOE MATEEIAX. 



June 19. 



June 21. 



July 26. 



1753. 
May 3. Proposal from C. Calvert to Thomas Penn. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 498 Mi • 

Abst. Frederick, Lord Baltimore, free from any obligation.? arising from 
his Father's iirticles, in consideration of a line across Peninsula, called 
Cape Cornelius, consents that the residue (?) of the Boundary stand as in 
the Articles. The proposal is made without prejudice to rights of orig- 
inal grant. 

Petition. Frederick, Lord Baltimore. "To tlie King's Most Excel- 
lent Majesty in Council." 6 pp. text 4 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 58. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 5. 
Abst. Recites history of contention and desires to join in a commission to 

settle boundaries of Pennsylvania but wants no order passed without a 

hearing and desires King to select commissioners in America to join 

with those of Md. and Pa. 
Note. Referred to Council, July 19 and by Council to Board of Trade, 

July 26. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Further instructions in affairs of 
Penn & Baltimore. For the petitioner Baltimore. 6 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. Nos. 499, 500. 

Cf. Latrobe, p. 24 (somewhat different title). Md. Land Office. 

Abst. Council reviews the recent steps in the controversy and prepares ii 
petition for Frederick Lord Baltimore, who is now of age, asking in cast- 
a commission is appointed as a result of the Penns' petition that he may 
have a representative on the commission. 

Order. Royal Council to Board of Trade. 

Ms. COPX. Pa, Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. 'Boundaries." 

Abst. Transmits petition of Lord Baltimore (copy of which is annexed 
referred to them by His Majesty) to the Lords Commissioners for Trade 
and Plantations, to whom the petition of the proprietaries of Pennsyl- 
vania has been referred, and to report to this Committee at the Council 
Chamber, Whitehall, 26 July, 1753, 14 pp. Fol. 
Note. Endorsed "Referred to the Comtee 19 July, 1753. Referred to the 
Bd. of Trade 26 July, 1753. Got out this cop. 30 Novr., 1753, from 
Board of Trade, Paris." 

Instructions of Lord Baltimore to Governor Sharpe to ascertain 

' the state of the northern boundaries of the province either 

"horizontal or wheel measurement" and how far north of the 

said "circle [of Newcastle] may be a good and reasonable north 

boundary of Maryland." 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. in Proc. Maryland Provincial Council August 
15, 1753, Liber J. R. and U. S., p. 11. 

Abst. The Board deem it prerequisite to an answer of his lordship's 
question "to have a due north line run by the compass ... by 
which this Board will be better able to consider ... its intersec- 
tion with any east or west line which may be intended for a north 
boundary to this province." 

Aug. 18. Letter. Chas. Calvert to J. Sharpe. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 831%, incomplete. 
Abst. A succinct account of the chancery case with a clear statement of 
the main facts of tne controversy. 

Aug. 20. Letter. Gov. Horatio Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. JSId. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 1-3. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 1-3. 

Abst. Refers to Article of private instructions regarding boundary con- 
troversy, discusses question and refers to a line north from the Middle 
point run secretly by Mr. Emery, also discusses western boundary. 



Aug. 15. 



BESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 321 

1753. 
Sept. 12. Resolution of Maryland Provincial Council relating to boundaries 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist.. Soc, Shai-pe Letterbook I, p. 6. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, p. 6. 

Abst. Do not wish to advise except for a due North line from Middle 
point. Suggests observation of latitude at northern bend of Potomac. 

Sept. 14. Letter. Gov. Sharpe to Caecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 3-6. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 5-6. 

Abst. Refers to Mr. Emery's report that the north line run by him does 

nor cut any of the heads of westward flowing streams and passes east of 

Warwick. Encloses resolution of Council. 

Oct. 20. Letter. Lewis Evans to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1050. 

Abst. Recites Historical Pacts and gives authorities for his facts. Dis- 
cusses State of American affairs when Charter of Maryland was granted. 
Northern Boundaries of Maryland and Southern Pennsylvania. What is 
gained or lost by Proprietors if Articles of Agreement take place : Dela- 
ware Counties ; Map attached showing divisions made by Articles of 
Agreement, and Deeds of Duke of York. 
1753? 
Nov. Petition of Thomas and Richard Penn to the Honorable the Lords 

and Commons of Great Britain in Parliament assembled relative 
to the long dispute between themselves and Lord Baltimore. 2 
large pp. fol. Sigs., Thomas and Richard Penn. 

Cf. Coleman. Cat. Penn Papers, No. 143. 

Nov. 20. Summons from the Board of Trade on Lord Baltimore's petition to 
run Boundaries with the King's Commissioners. 4 pp. text 1 p. F. 

Ms. Grig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 60. 

Abst. The petition of Lord Baltimore having been referred to the Lord 
Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, in which petition he prayed 
that disinterested persons may be appointed to .loin with other persons to 
be named by the proprietors for running and marking the limits of the 
provinces, he is directed by their lordships to request that Mr. Paris will 
attend their lordships with Lord Baltimore's agent in order to agree upon 
the date for a hearing. 

Note. Sent to the Penn's attorney, P. J. Paris. 

Nov. 28. Petition of Penn to the King to have line run under the decree. 

Ms. Copies. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 511-514, 4 copies. 

Abst. "Left at Mr. Hamersley's house by Mr. Paris 28 Nov. 1753." Re- 
cites agreement of 1732 and decree of 175C ; asks for commissioners to 
define Boundary. 

Nov. 29. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 9-16. 

Pub. Md. Aroh., v. 6, pp. 12-15. 

Abst. Refers to retaining Mr. Evans of Philadelphia to find evidence in 

New York and to the grant to the Duke of York obtained 22 March 

1682 /3 which he thinks was obtained secretly. 

Dec. 19. Maryland Council. Proceedings. 

Ms. Grig. Md. Council Proc. Liber J. R. & U. S., 1753-1767, p. 17. 

Abst. Upon information that certain persons are taking up land on the 
Eastern Sihore under Pennsylvanian warrants the Board deems that 
encouragement should be given to such persons to take up the same lands 
under Maryland warrants. 

1753. Memorandum of W. Sharpe, secretary to Lords Commissioners 
of Council on Plantation Affairs, referring to the Lods Commis- 
sioners for Trade and Plantations the petition of Lord Baltimore 
of 19 July 1753. 14 pp. text. 12 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 59. 



322 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1754? Observations & Material Circumstances relating to Lord Balti- 
more's claims of his Province of Maryland unto the Dgree of 
40th Northerly Latitude compleat. The Nature thereof Divulged 
[?] by the Messrs. Penn, Proprietors of Penna. His Lordship's 
Adversaries who contend for a Line of 40° at or about Newcastle 
Town according to Smith's Mapp as is pretended. 6 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 543. 

1754? Observations. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 544. 

Abst. By grant of Maryland Southern Boundary is Line from Watkins 

Point to Ocean ; Northern is where New England is bounded. In 1635 

Lord Baltimore claimed all the I'eninsula except that part below Watkins 

Point according to words of his grant. Degrees of latitude laid down ii 
1606, 1635, have been same from first settlement of Vii-ginia. 

1754. Map. Col. Thomas Cresap's Sources of the Potomac [1754]. Se. 
1 in. — 25 mi. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letter-book, v. 1, p. 72, Ms. drawing 

of Cresap's Survey sent in letter to Gov. Sharpe of Md. 
Reprod. In Browne and Ritchie Rept. of Committee on the Western 
boundary of Maryland. Apx. D. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub., No. ^9. 

Note. Shows Temporary Line [of 1739-40] dotted about 8 miles south 
but parallel with 40° N. 

Jan. 5. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 515. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 17-32. 

Note. A detailed discussion of many points showing the uncertainty of 
geographic knowledge in England, the fact that Calvert had received legal 
opinions adverse to his title to land north of the Delaware peninsula 
with an argument against these opinions. "On tryal the opinion of the 
Court of Chancery determined not the Croivn's Right of the 40th Degree 
Lat : nor Cape Hinlopen nor concemg the 3 Lower Counties the Division 
Line of the East Shore, the Court determined only the Private Articles of 
Agreemt bet : the late Lord & the Messrs. Penn. Hopeless of a compro- 
mise Calvert advises Sharpe to observe carefully the Order of 1738 
regarding the Temporary Line. 

Jan. 21. Votes of the House of Commons. 11, pp. (printed). 

Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 518. pp. 122-124. 

Abst. Petition of Fred. Calvert to King "for leave to apply to Parliament 
an Act to enable ihim to bar the Entails subsisting upon Province of Md." 
King consents that House may do as they shall think fit. Mr. Grenville, 
and Lord Hillsborough, and Lord Barrington ordered to bring in the Bill. 
The bearing of this question may be seen : ef. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. 
No. 34, p. 122. 

Feb. 2. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Grig. Md. Hist. Soc, Portfolio 4, No. 33. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 34-36. 

ABST. Tells of receipt of Report of Pennsylvania Commissioners who ran 

Temporary Line and asks that the report of the Maryland Commissioners 

be forwarded with an opinion as to the correctness of the line west of 

the Susquehanna which had been run ex parte. 

Cf. Depositions, Apr, 30, 1740. 



April 17. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc, Portfolio 4, No. 33. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. G. pp. 44-51. 

An.ST. Tis admitted in tho Pleadings of the Cause that the Duke of York 
had no itight to transfer to Penns ; and it was also admitted the Deeds 
Feoffment Grant by the Duke of York to the Penns were not Valid, by 
reason no Proof was produced of the Crown's conferring the same 



KESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 323 

1754. 
May 2. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 26-34. 

POB. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 53-57. 

Abst. Refers to a history of the early settlements on the Del-aware which 
he has had compiled [by Mr. Evans] from the New York records and also 
to a conflict in evidence regarding the rights in the Diggs case. 

May 3. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 35-65. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 57-65. 

Abst. Paid £126 for services and expenses of Lewis Evans who worked up 
geographical and historical evidence. Gives succinct statement of Di£;gs 
case. Refers to sending Mr. Emery to test the effect of lines from Indian 
river to Choptank and Mr. Veazev to examine the distance and bearings 
of the several rivers with respect to Newcastle. Suggests an irregular 
line from Indian river so as to clear Nanticoke, thence from a Middle 
point northward to the head of the easternmost river flowing into the 
Chesapeake and thence a tangent to the New Castle Circle. 

June 6. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 52-56. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 69-72. 

Abst. Reports the Choptank lies south of the position assigned to it on 
Emery's map. Transmits numerous old records to be used in evidence. 

Aug. 8. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 59-79. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 82-93. 

Abst.' Explains wihv Evans was employed to secure evidence. The Council 
after a consideration of Emery's maps recommend tliat the boundary '"Be 
a due East & West Line run as in Emory's map across the Peninsula from 
Indian River & from a Point of such Line two Furlongs (or more as 
can be agreed) eastward of the North East Fork of Nanticoke where it 
is intersected by said East & West line, let a Line be run North or North 
two Degrees West at farthest (variation being allowed for) till it touches 
Newcastle Circil & if Messrs. Penns refuse to have such Line (being a 
Second of the Circle) continued direct northward as a Boundary . . . 
Let a due North line be run from the Extremity of a Newcastle 12 Mile 
Radius to the present temporary Line or any other Line that may be 
agreed on." 

Nov. 8. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Penn's Bill against Lord Balti- 
more & Orders thereon. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 531, 532. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 551, annotated. 
Abst. Amended by Order dated 16 May, 1755. 

Dec. 10. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Edward Lloyd. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 1169. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc. Fund Pub., No. 34. pp. 179-186. 

Abst. Orders Surveyors to be careful of His Ma.iesty's orders in Council 
concerning the Temporary Line, not to transgress it. 

Dec. 10. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. OeI'G. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Pap&rs, No. 535. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 128-136. 

Abst. Says Evans extracts are of no use otherwise Gov. Sharpe's efforts 
seem to be approved. 
1755. 
Feb. 13. Map of the British and French dominions in North America with 
the roads, distances, limits and extent of the settlements: John 
Mitchell, Thos. Kitchin. Sc. Lond. Printed for Jefferys and 
Faden, 40x72 in. 

Copies in Md. Hist. Soc. and Lib. Cong. 

Rbpub. In part in Rept. of Va.-Md, boundary, 1872. 



324 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1755. 

Note. "The bounds of Pennsylvania and Maryland and Delaware counties 
are here laid down according to the late decree in chancery ; which is 
not supposed otherwise to affect the claims of any." This note of 
Mitchell is reproduced in many subsequent foreign maps. 

Mar, Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Notice to attend Conference at 

Mr. Henley's on 17 March, 1755. 1, p. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 548. 
Abst. Defendant's claim to Province by inheritance. 

April 27. Letter. Edmund Jennings to C. Calvert. 3, pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 1171. 

Abst. Gives observations to invalidate the argument which Penn's Counsel 
may give to prove that Order of 1685 v^as such a lien on the Lands thert 
Specified that no entail could be made by the Baltimore family to affect 
what was bound by Order. Jennings argues that the Order has nothing 
to do with the present case. 

May 7. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Plea on behalf of Lord Baltimore. 
45 pp. foL 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 549, 550. 
Abst. of Bill of Revisor from fol. 1 to fol. 257. 

1st. branch (p. 2) contains minute circumstantial Detail of all matters 

in Original Bill by Petitioners of 1735 against Lord Baltimore, for 

specific performance of Agreement of 1732. 
2nd. branch (p. 20) From fol. 257 to fol. 406 — Gives Lord Baltimore's 

answer to Original Bill. 
3rd. branch (p. 28) From fol. 407-414. Adjournment of Cause in 1743 

for want of parties Supplt. Bill filed and answers -thereto. 
4th. branch (p. 29) From fol. 414 to fol. 444 contains Decree of 1750, 

Order of 1751, directing horizontal measure. 
5th. branch (p. 32), fol. 444. Here begins new Suppl. matter stating 

pretended encroachments subsequent to Filing Original Bill. Proc. of 

Comms. after Decree but antecedent to notice of Lord Baltimore's death 

& not yet confirmed by Court. 
6th. branch (p. 36) fol. 495, Lord Baltimore's will, death and other 

matters at which present Plea is Levelled, the preceding Detail of the 

Bill being almost unnecessary. 

May 16. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Instructions .to move amendments 
to original bill [3, November 1747] 2, pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 555. 

Abst. History of the bill. Lord Baltimore begs Court to discharge order 
for amending the Bill and restore Plea to the Paper, or at least Limit 
PlaintifE's time for amending their Bill as well as for argument of the 
Plea. 

Aug. Letter. W. Murray, His Majesty's Attorney-General. "On behalf 

of the Penn family." Relative to the boundaries of Pennsyl- 
vania and Maryland. 
Cf. Coleman, Cat. of Penn Papers, No. 399. 

Dec. 11. Report Board of Trade to the King. 

Ms. Orig. Johnson MSS., N. Y. State. 

Pub. N. Y. Hist. Doc, v. 2, pp. 410-412. 

Abst. Unfavorable to petition of Thos. and Richard Penn to grant lands 

west of Alleghany Mts to soldiers as inimical to rights of Indians under 

their treaty of 1726. 
Note. Anticipate reasons of Indian policy that led to the halt of Mason 

and Dixon at Dunkard Creek. 

Dec. 25. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc, Portfolio 4, No. 33. 

I'UB. Md» Arch., v. G. pp. :^22-33U. 

Abst. Refers to postponement of Chancery case due to Amendment of 

Plaintiffs Bill. Recommends that Grants and settlements on the Eastern 

Shore be increased by all justifiable meana. 



KESTJKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 325 

1755. 
Dec. 31. Queries from the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations. 

Ms. Okig. Md. Council Proc, Liber J. R. & U. S., 1753-67, o. 82. 

Abst. "1. What is the situation of the province under your government, 
the nature of the country, soils and climate, latitudes and lontitude of 
the most considerable places in it or the neighboring French and Spanish 
settlement. Have those latitudes and longtitudes been settled by good 
observation or only by common computation, and from vyhence are the 
longtitudes computed? 2. What are the reputed boundaries and are 
there any parts thereof disputed, what parts and by whomV 

1755, Map. Lewis Evans. A general map of the Middle British Colo- 
nies in America viz. Virginia, Mariland, Delaware, Pensilvania 
[etc.] Philadelphia 1755. Engraved 20x27 1/2 . 

Pub. In his Geog. hist, and political essays, printed by Franklin & Hall, 
Phlla., 1755. 

Cf. Brimley, No. 3251 ; Barlow, Americana, Wo. 926, Rev. ed. by JefEreys, 
1758 in his Gen. topog. of N. A., Lond., 1768. 

Repdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 3, apx., v. 1-10, maps 

Pa. Soc. of N. Y.. Yearbook 1904, p. 96. • 

Note. For engagement of Evans see : Letter, Thos. Penn to Gov. Hamil- 
ton, 1749, June 6. The boundary Is carried west to Ohio river. 

The information for this map was gained in part from special explorations 
undertaken for the Pennsylvania government along the yet unsettled 
southern and western boundaries of that state. (See Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 
2, pp. 47-48). For the influence of this map on subsequent publications, 
see Mathews, Maps and Map-Makers of Maryland, pp. 395-398. 
1756. 
April 15. Report of the Board of Trade on the petition of Cadwallader Evans 
praying for a Grant of all the Islands in the River & Bay of Dela- 
ware in America. 2, pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 566. 
Abst. Board of Trade advises that petition be rejected. 

May 3. Letter. Mr. [Thomas] (?) Penn to Lord Baltimore. 1, p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1184. 

Abst. Informs Lord Baltimore that he would not allow Mr. Paris to seal 
an attachment against him in case his answer was not in by Wednesday 
next. 

June 19. Letter. Governor Sharp to [C. Calvert ?] 1, p. sm. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1196. 

Abst. States that he encloses Report of Board of Trade on Petition of 
Evans for Grant of Islands in Delaware Bay and River, and a copy of 
Petition of Brice, a ship builder. Asks whether it will be proper to 
make opposition to Petition while it Is before the Board of Trade. 

Aug. 19. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Papers exchanged between Lord 
Baltimore and Penn touching East and West Line across Penin- 
sula. 1, p. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 568. 

Abst. Mr. Paris' paper as to Bast and West line. Accuses the Maryland 
Commissioners of setting up ill-founded pretence that the line should stop 
three miles short of the West End at Slaughter Creek and not at Chesa- 
peake Bay. Questions whether or not they agree to last proceedings of 
Commissioners and surveyors. 

Lord Baltimore's answer. Denies first accusation and concedes to matters 
specified in Penn's Papers and will quit claim to any Right he has therein 
if Penns will relinquish all title to costs for Lord Baltimore or his heirs 
and that all law shall end and that each shall pay their respective 
lawyers. 

Aug. 23. Answers to the queries that were sent by Order of the Right Hon- 
ourable the Lords of Trade and Plantations to the Lt. Governor 
of Maryland. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Council Proc, Liber J. R. & U. S., 1753-67, pp. 117-121. 
Abst. Gives a statement regarding the charter to Lord Baltimore and ttie 
boundaries under the temporary line. 



326 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1756. 

Nov. 29. Instrument under great seal of New York confirming Penn's right 
to Newcastle and 12 miles around, etc. 12 p. fol. 

Ms. Oeig. Del. Hist. Soc, Douglas Papers. 

Note. Simply a cettified copy of the earlier document? See p. 24.3. 

Dec. Map. Province of Pennsylvania by T. Kitchin, Lond., for R. Bald- 

win, 1756. 1 in.— 43 mi. 81/2x7 in. 

Pub. In Lond. Mag., v. 25, p. 599 (Dec, 1756.) 
Repub. Pa. Socy. of N. Y.. Yearbook, 1905, p. 145. 

Note. Surprisingly accurate contemporaneous map laying down results of 
peninsular surveys of previous six years. 

Dec. 16. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

• 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. G, pp. 513-517. 

Abst. Referring to Lord Baltimore's agreement with the I'enns he says: 
"It Chagrins me much. I know not the Advice nor motive that so pre- 
cipitately hurry's him to so great wrong of himself." 

1757. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Hints drawn up by Lord Balti- 
more's solicitors for better consideration of Instrument of Con- 
firmation, Prepared and Rendered by Solicitor of Messrs. Penn. 
8, pp. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, Nos. 578, 579, 580. 

Abst. Hints in Respect to the Instrument under consideration. (Lord 
Baltimore gives notice for Desiring Accommodation. His only Recom- 
pense is that they Relinquish all past costs and damages, each Party pay 
ing own lawyers.) 

April 7. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 6, pp. 538-542. 

Abst. "Not anything as yet has been carried into execution bet. Lord 
Baltimore & Messrs. Penns with respect to Boundaries, the matter is 
under reference with the Lawyers on both sides. Their doubts have no 
resolves." 

1757 (?) Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Draft of Indenture. 26, pp. fol. 
Ms. Copy. MkJ. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 571. 

THE FINAL AGREEMENT. 

Aug. 8. Letter. F. J. Paris to Mr. Hamersley [Baltimore's financial 
agent]. London. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. (53, 2 pp. text is 
one page d. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 586. 

Abst. Mr. Paris returns to Mr. Hammersley a copy of the Draft of Agree- 
ment between Lord Baltimore & Penns. Mr. Paris also sends a paper of 
Remarks made by Solicitor General and Mr. Abrahams upon proposed 
alterations. Mr. Paris states that he will meet Lord Baltimore's coun- 
cil in order to settle Draft. 1, p. fol. 

Aug. 8. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Answers by Mr. Penn's Counsell 
to alterations proposed by Lord Baltimore's Counsell. 1, p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 587. 

A Abst. 1. Mr. Penn's Counsel think it proper to take notice of Orders of 

Council in 1GS5 & 1709. 

2. Acts ought to be at joint expense. 

3. Important that Agreement be settled with approbation of Counsel on 

both sides and this statement Is inserted. 



RESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 327 

1757. 

4. Proper that Lord Baltimore should submit to a Decree which would 

reserve a "Liberty of resorting back yto the Court." 

5. Proposed that Lord Baltimore should stipulate that he will consent to 

an Agreement. 

6. No reasonable objection can be made against mutual conveyance agree- 

able to constant Direction of Court of Chancery. 

7. Mr. Penn ought to be required to release costs till Agreement is per- 

formed. 

A.ug. 8. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Copy of Objections made by Mr. 
Paris to the Alterations made by Lord Baltimore's Counsel in 
the Intended Agreement as delivered on 8 August 1757. With 
some short answers thereto. 5, pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 593. 

Abst. 1. Lord Baltimore's Commissioners deem it improper to take notice 
of orders. 

2. Expense should fall from time to time upon party requiring it. 

3. Can make it permanent without the correction. 

4. This claim superfluous, as all Decrees have that Liberty. 

5. Has already agreed to this. 

6. Neither party had right to make conveyances and they might incon- 
venience his descendants. 

7. Lord Baltimore thought Penn had already accepted that condition. 

Lord Baltimore will determine it himself without further reference 
to Council. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Observations for Lord Baltimore 
on Agreement as now adjusted and on Mr. Wilmot's Proposed 
alterations. 5, pp. fol. 

Ms Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 589. 
Abst. Various omissions and additions of words and phrases. 
1758. 
June 11. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 347-350. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 203-205. 

Abst. Acknowledges receipt of map which is forwarded to Mr. Emory for 
report on soubhern and eastern boundaries. 

July 9. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook I, pp. 356-366. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 228-234. 

Abst. Refers to former commission and recommends men for new commis 
sion. Also discusses the Taylor and James Island question. Asks that 
provision may be made for meetmg the expenses of the commissioners 
and surveyors. 

Sept. 16. Letter. Secy. Rideout [?] to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, pp. 1-4. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 266-269. 

Abst. Notes that James and Taylor islands are not part of the main land 
while Fenwick's Island is. Sends Journal of Commissioners, Emery's 
Map of Taylor's and James's Islands with notes and the latter's .iournal 
of the survey. Fears that the transpeninsular line will cut the Nanti- 
coke and thus allow waterway in the Chesapeake to Penns. 

Nov. 3. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, pp. 8-11. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 296-298. 

Abst. Sends duplicate and depositions regarding Taylor's and James's 
Islands mentioned above. 

1759. Map. Improved part of Pennsylvania. By Nicholas Scull. 
Phila., 1759, 581/2x291/2. 1 in.— 4 mi. 

Repub. Pa. Arch., ser. 3, apx., v. 1-10, maps. For other reprod., of. 

■Winsor Narr. & Crit. Hist., v. 5, p. 240. 
Note. Besides showing the words "Circular line" this map notes "N. B. 

The author of this map in placing of Fort Cumberland has followed 



328 SOURCE MATERIAL, 

1759. 

Fry and Jefferson but is of opinion tliat whenever the line is run 
between Pennsylvania and Maryland it will pass to the southward of 
that Fort." 
Cf. with Homan's map of Va.-Md., etc., same year, to see the same 
boundaries almost fantastically laid down, following many previous 
compilations. Scull's is another "mother" or souice map. Scull was 
Surveyor General of Pa. 

May 28. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Heads for a Conference between 
Attorney General and Solicitor General for the Final Settlement 
of the Intended Agreement between the different Proprietors. 3, 
pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 60.3. 

Abst. 1. The Draft of new Intended Agreement as originally drawn by 

Penn's agents with variations proposed by Lord Baltimore's counsel. 
2 & 3. Objections made by Mr. Paris to variations and answers. 
4 & 5. Are Provisionals to be inserted in Draft instead of acceptions as 

proposed by Penn's counsel. 
6. Is Covenant proposed to be inserted in Agreement for immediate release 

of past costs and damages to Lord IBaltlmore. Account given by Lord 

Baltimore of proceedings of last meeting between Penn and Lord 

Baltimore. 

May 29. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Heads of matters agreed upon be- 
tween Council on both sides. 1, p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. No. C04. 

Abst. 1. As to Covenants to use each others name against Tenants who 
will change Lords, they are to be omitted. 

2. Cost and Damages are to be released to date of present Agreement. 

3. Recital of Possession agreed to by Lord Baltimore. 

4. New Bill to be prepared, instead of prosecuting present suit. 
Names signed are C. Pratt & C. Yorke. 

1760. 
May 31. Patent to Alexander McCandless for tract of land called Paw Paw 
Bottom on Susq. r., surveyed 25 Dec, 1753. 

Ms. In Phila. Records. Noted in Gibson, Hist. York Co., p. 77. Data 
furnished Gibson by Levi Cooper, Peachbottom township, Pa. 

Note. Shows that Temporary Line was 72 perches more southward than 
present M. & D. line. 

June 4. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Draft of Agreement [between 
Frederick, Lord Baltimore, and Thomas and Richard Penn]. 33, 
pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 613. 614 (21, pp. fol.) 
Abst. These Present Articles witness that each party agree to following : 

1. That map on margin of Parchments of 1732 is true one. 

2. That circle' should be drawn with 12 mile radius. 
8. That East and West Lines should be drawn. 

4. That straight Northward Line at middle point of Bast and West Line 

should be run. 

5. That at North point a line shall be run to 15 miles South of Phila- 
delphia. 

6. That at North Point a line be run to Western extent of Pennsylvania. 

7. Ihat circle & Line on map in red ink serve as explanation in present 

agreement. 

8. Tangent Line. 

9. That Commissioners be appointed. 

10. That Lord Baltimore release claim to Pennsylvania as bounded In 

Agreement. 

11. Agreement about old grants in the Provinces. 

12. Further disputes about old grants be settled in new Agreement. 

13. Both parties shall give friendly support to present agreement. 
Obaervations on Draft, pp. 5-33. 



EESURVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 329 

1760. 

July 4. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Indenture of agreement between 
Frederick, Lord Baltimore, Proprietor of Maryland one part and 
Thomas Penn and Richard Penn Proprietaries of Pensilvania 
and 3 Lower Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex on Dela- 
ware. [6 large Parchments with map attached.] Seals pendant. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Secy, of State, Harrisbuig. 

Md. Land Office, Annapolis. 
Ms Copx. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 155. 

Land Records, Md., 1788, Liber J. C, No. 2, pp. 1-24. 
Pa. Hist. Soc, cf. Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 92. lot 3. 
Pub. Kept. Secy. Int. Afe. Pa., 1887. Boundaries. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 4, pp. 2-36 (from Pa copy), 100 privately 
printed for presentation, by Edw. D. Ingraham (Phila. Kite and 
Walton), 1851, 31 pp. fol. Copies in Library Congress, Eidgway 
and Pa. Hist. Soc, libraries, Pbila. ; Pratt Library, Baltimore, 
Sabin, No. 34439. 
Note. The originals were brought from England by Sam'l Riddle. See 
Benney, v. 1, p. 390 ; Olden Times, v. 1, p. 546 ; Dunlop, Memoirs. 
"This deed whether for technical accuracy, as a rare piece of convey- 
ancing, legal learning, or for historical interests, is not surpassed by 
any paper of its kind"— Latrobe, Hist. M. & D. Line. „ „ . 

Recorded in Md. Land Records by Orders of Md. Assembly, McMahon, 
Hist., Md., v. 1, p. 45, footnote. Cf. Veech, Monongahela, p. 232 ; 
Olden Times, v. 1, p. 596. 

July 4. Map accompanying agreement between Lord Baltimore and T. and 
R. Penn. 9%xl3% in. 

Repub. D. Cliillas Litho., Phila., 1853, in Lenox Lib. Emmet MSS., No. 

14606 ; Pa. Arch., v. 4, front. 
Note. The original Lord Baltimore map as revised by Senex for agreement 

of 1732. 

July 5. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Penn's release to Lord Baltimore 
of past costs and damages. [Parchment.] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 157. 

July 5. Commission. Frederick, Lord Baltimore, to Horatio Sharpe, Lt. 
Governor Benjamin Tasker, Jr., Edward Lloyd, Henry Jenkins, 
Daniel Dulaney, Stephen Bordley, Alex. Malcolm, D. D. to act as 
commissioners to fix the boundary line, by Frederick Baltimore. 
Parchment good condition. 2 sheets, 33% inches wide by 27% 
long. 77 lines on one sheet. Seal, F. Baltimore on hinged bor- 
der. Inscribed: Lord Baltimore ads Messrs. Penn. Commission 
for Running the Boundary Line. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Land Off., Annapolis, No. 159. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 158. 

Abst. Recites articles of agreement of 1732, reproduces map of agreement, 
and court proceedings and recites articles of nevF agreement. 
Probably 
July 5. Commission. Thomas & Richard Penn. To extend the time to 
settle the boundary of Maryland with Lord Baltimore. 2 large 
skins of parchment signed and sealed by Thomas and Richard 
Penn, 1760. Addressed to Hon. William Allen, Esq., Richard 
Peters, Benjamin Chew, William Coleman, and others. 

Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Paners, No. 141. 

July 7. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook lY, pp. 107-12". 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 8, pp. 423-435. 

AnsT. Sends journal of the commissioners who ran the East and West 
Lines. 



330 SOUKCE MATERIAL 

1760. 
Sept. 15. Letter. Governor Hamilton to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, p. 449. 

AiiST. Forwards a copy of the Agreempnt of Jul.v 4, 1760, and a commis- 
sion from Lord Baltimore to Gov. Sharpe and six others. Announces 
Pennsylvania commissioners and suggests a meeting be held in October. 

Sept. 19. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Governor Hamilton. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, p. 450. 

Abst. Acknowledges receipt of commissions and agreement of July 4 ; 
names Maryland Commissioners and hints at postponement ot Orst 
meeting. 

Oct. 14. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, pp. 137-141. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9," pp. 457-460. 

Abst. Acknowledges receipt of Agreement and Commissions and refers to 
a journal of what he had done that was being sent to Secy. Calvert. 

Oct. 21. Letter. Governor Hamilton to Governor Sharpe and the Answer. 
4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 619, 620. 
P0B. Md. Arch., v. 9. pp. 462-463. 

.Abst. Governor Hamilton appointed the timp and place of meeting as 
Nov. 12 at Newcastle. Answer. Governor Sharpe says he hopes to be 
able to meet. Commissioners actually met on Nov. 18. 

Oct. 28. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, pp. 143-144. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 463-465. 

Abst. Announces the death of Benj. Tasker and the appoinment of Mr. 
Ridout as commissioner. 

Oct. 28. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

M.S. COPY. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, pp. 145-146. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 465-467. 

Abst. Writes that commissioners plan to meet on the 12, Nov. [They 
actually met a week later]. Also tell of engaging Mr. Prof, Graham as 
mathematician. 

Nov. Journal of Proceedings of sundry of Commissioners appointed by 

Lord Baltimore to settle Divisional Lines between Maryland and 
Pennsylvania. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 616. 

Abst. Commissioners hold that method of running the line across the 
Peninsula is erroneous and prejudicial to Lord Baltimore. 

Nov. 8. Will of John Watson, Jr. 

Ms. Orig. Bucks Co. (Pa.) probate records, Sept. 1, 1761. Description 
furnished by Gen. W. H. H. Davis, Doylestown, Pa. 

Abst. Made because he was about to go to Newcastle to meet the bound- 
ary commiss. 

Note. Inventory by fellow surveyors John Lukens and Arch. McClean 
filed in Register's office at Newton (Pa.), lists "Theodolite and cover, a 
protractor, ball and chain and a sliding telescope." 

Nov. 11. Instrufetions to surveyors by Commissioners. 

Note. Remained in force Into 1762. 
Cf. Minutes of Comsrs., 1762, Apr. 30. 



EESURVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 331 

1760. 
Dec. 11. Meeting of Commissioners at Newcastle. 16, pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 617. 

Abst. 19 Nov. Two clerks appointed to take minutes and keep copies 

for Lord Baltimore and Penns. First line to be run is between 3 I^ower 

Counties & Marvland 20, Nov. They decide to fix middle point andrun 

meridian and tangent 21, Nov. They arrange details of determining lines. 

' Request more time and give Instructions to surveyors, 24, Nov. 

Dec. 11. Instructions — ^Commissioners to Surveyors. 

Ms. Copy. Dec. 11 in Minutes Commiss., 1768, Nov. 9. 

Abst. Will lay ofE a true meridian northward from Middle Point to 
intersection with line running west from Newcastle courthouse. To 
John Frederick, Aug. Priggs, Thos. Garnett and Arthur Emory for Md. 
John Watson, John Stapler and Wm. Shankland for Pa. 

Dec. Queries on Articles of Agreement submitted by Governor [Sharpe] 

to Charles Goldsborough. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. Nos. 629, 6291/2. 

Abst. 1st. Whether Lord Baltimore has right to receive rents from people 

which are due since the dividing lines were made by which these 

persons' plantations fell in Pennsylvania? 
2nd. Whether Lord Baltimore has right to receive quit rents from mhahi- 

tants of Worcester County who by Articles of Agreement would fall 

into Sussex County. 
3rd. Whether if persons in Maryland who by line fall in Pennsylvania 

should pay Lord Baltimore quit rents after 4, July last, he would be 

obliged to refund same to Pennsylvania? 
4th. Whether he should be accountable to them if he does receive them 

or not. 
5th. Same as No. 3 in 628. [see following entries.] ? 
6th. Whether if Pa. has received such money they cannot be compelled 

to account for same to Lord Baltimore? 
7th. Same as No. 4 in 628. 
8th. Same as No. 5 in 628. 
9th. Same as last part of No. 4 in 628. 
10th. Have sheriffs of Somerset, Dorchester, Queen Anne & Cecil Counties 

authority over persons whose Plantations are doubtful as to what 

Province they are in. , 

Answer to Queries — 

1st. Lord Baltimore has no right. 

2nd. Lord Baltimore has no right. 

3rd. Lord Baltimore may be compelled to refund to Penns. 

4th. Lord Baltimore not accountable to Penns for rent. 

5th. Lord Baltimore has right to receive Purchase money. 

6th. Penns can be compelled to account to Lord Baltimore. 

7th-9th. Sheriff has not authority beyond the line and the two Provinces 

are supposed to be actually divided. 
8th-10th. People belong to their former Provinces until divisions Is 

actually made. 

1760. Queries on Articles of Agreement submitted to consideration of 
Mr. Dulany. 2, pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 628. 

Abst. 1st. Whether Lord Baltimore has right to receive rents from people 
which are due since dividing lines were made by which those person s 
plantations fell into Pennsylvania? . -u v,- 

2nd. Whether Lord Baltimore has right to receive quit rents from inhabi- 
tants of Worcester County who by Articles of Agreement would tali 
into Sussex County. ^ ., 

3rd. Whether persons holding land in Pennsylvania have not paid orig- 
inal purchase money must not pay same to Lord Baltimore if then- 
lands fall in Maryland. , , t^ .• 

4th. Whether inhabitants of Worcester county must pay Maryland Duties 
which have become payable since they became inhabitants of Sussex. 
Has sheriff of Worcester County any authority on North side of Line 
at this time. , , ,, , ., 

5th. Whether former inhabitants of Maryland will have to pay Maryland 
levies as inhabitants of Pennsylvania before Articles of Agreement 
are carried into execution. 

6th. Questions of rents from persons whose land lies on line of 1751. 

7th. Are persons having plantations on dividing line to pay taxes In 
Maryland or not. 
Cf. Md. Arch., v. 9. p. 483. 



332 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1760. 
Dec. 18. Letter. Earl of Stirling to Thomas Penn, Esq. 4, p. Q. 

Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, 1S70, No. 87. 

Abst. "Entirely relating to the Penn estates in America and the Bound- 
aries thereof and the aggressive encroachments of the inhabitants of the 
adjoining counties from 1632-1760. 

Dec. 20. Letter. Governor Sharps to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, pp. 147-153. 

■Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 468-473. 

Abst. Discusses the results of the meeting of the commissioners recently 
held at Newcastle, and what possible differences may arise. Asks for 
new instructions and enlargement of time. The chief diflSculty foreseen 
is whether an east-west line is straight or curved. 

Dec. 22. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, pp. 153-158. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 4S0-4S4. 

Abst. Outlines the proposed method of work; asks for advice as to the 
running of the East and West line and requests certain instruments. 
1761. 
Feb. 24. Answers to queries, by Mr. Bordley. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 633. 

Abst. 1st. Lord Baltimore has excluded himself from right to receive rents 
which accrued since 4th July 1760 [date of articles] for Lands which 
may fall in Pennsylvania. 

2nd. Same rule applies to all arrears of rent then due. 

3rd. Answered in 2nd query. 

4th. Lord Baltimore having given up right to receive rents cannot be 
accountable for declining to do what he has no right to do. 

5th. Owners of land originally in Pennsylvania, but now in Maryland 
must pay original purchase money and all arrears of quit rents to 
Lord Baltimore. 

6th. Proprietor of Pennsylvania under same rule as Lord Baltimore in 
Answers 1, 2. 4. 

7th. About Powers of Government — Whatever alterations from original 
Limits between Provinces may be brought about by Artices in point 
of Territory. Lord Baltimore's claim to Government to full extent 
of Territory granted him by Charter, ought to be kept up until his 
majesty's pleasure can be known. 

8th. Rule for Duties and Levies mentioned in queries : 8, 9, 10, being all 
Acts of Government, are referred to preceeding answer. 

llhh. Owner of land on the line shall pay quit rents to respective pro- 
prietors in proportion to the 2 pieces of land thus divided and the 
party who is entitled to the quit rent must at his own expense ascer- 
tain the quantity of Land remaining or taken in his Territory. 

12th. Answered in 7. 

Feb. Demonstration by Dr. Robert Smith. "Scheme for running the 
tangent lines." 2 pp. fol. with diag. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn. MSS. "Boundaries," p. 94. 
Note. Dr. Smith was professor of astronomy and Vice Chancellor of 
Cambridge Univ. and founder of its Smith mathematical prizes. 

Feb. Letter. Surveyor Greer to the Pennsylvania Commissioners. 4 pp 
fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 99. 

Abst. Transmits method "For the laying out a Circle or Part of a Circle 

at 12 Mile distance from the Center of the Town of Newcastle" and 

solution, with three diagrams. 

Feb. Demonstration by Dr. John Bevis for Finding a meridian with a 
telescopic instrument. 

Ms. Copy*. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn. MSS. "Boundaries," p. 72. 

"^^^ui. Directions for observing the zenith distance of Capella south of 
Pm adelphia. ^ H's own success in measuring with rods across Salisbury 
Plain. Why the "Triangular Wooden Instrument" is inaccurate. 

^°*^\,.^'^-^^®^'^ ^ prominent astronomer and Fellow of the Royal Society 
published many astron. tables, books and papers. ooi-ietj^ 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON X,INE 



333 



1761. ,, 

Feb. Demonstrations. To run tangent to circle about Newcastle. 
Unsigned. 
Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn. MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 86-95. 
Note. Froin explanation probably by English scientists or by the sur- 
veyors of the line in America. 

Feb. 24. Additional queries submitted to Mr. Bordley. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Nos. 630, 631. 

Abst. Begins at No. 11. To whom do persons pay rent whose plantations 
are crossed by line of 1751, at whose expense is the exact dividing line 
to be determined. No. 12. Are persons whose plantations are cr9ssecl 
by dividing line to pay taxes in Maryland or not? No. 13. If dividing 
line runs through Lord Proprietor's manors, will he be deprived or all 
right to such as may fall in Pennsylvania? 

Feb. 27. Demonstration. Mr. Harris, Christ Hospital. "Second proposi- 
tion." 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Okig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 66. 

Abst. Solution of a proposition to draw a right line from the point "E" 
in such manner as to become a tangent to a circle supposed to be de- 
scribed about the town "C" at the distance of 12 horizontal miles. 

Note. Harris at this time Assay Master of the Mint was an inventor of 
mathematical instruments and an author of books on mathematics and 
navigation. 

April 18. John Robertson's original proposal for finding tbe places of the 
partition lines between Pennsylvania and Maryland. Signed 
Repr. 30 p. MS. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries" p. 83. 
Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, 1870, No. 17. 

Abst. Discusses magnetic variation and its effect upon running long lines. 
Proposes a system of triangulation and analyses the work into la 
problems. 

April 28. Letter. Wilmot to C. Calvert. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 1232. 

Abst. Advises that neither Lord Baltimore nor Penn grant such lands 
as are ungranted in their own provinces, which will be in a different 

■ province after lines are run, nor receive quit rents of such as are granted. 
As to lands which are uncertain by reason of undetermined lines, the 
parties should settle with each other after lines are run. 

Note. Wilmot was a witness to the agreement of 1760. 

April 30. Commission from the Right Honorable Lord Baltimore for enlarg- 
ing the time limited by a former commission of 5th July, 1760, 
for settling the boundaries between Maryland and Pennsylvania 
with Messrs. Penn. [Parchment.] 

Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 160. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 161. 

May 21. Instructions. Commissioners to Surveyors Priggs, Garnett, Emory, 
Watson, Stapler and Shankland. 

Ms. Copy In the field notes and journal of the surveyors after June 12, 
1761. pp. 40-43; Thomas Garnett and .Tohn Hall not sig-ning this July 10, 
1761 ; 'also copied in the minutes of the commissioners at Chester Town, 
June 26, 1761. 

Abst. Having observed errors in the measurements, the surveyors are 
instructed to remeasure certain parts of the line. They are also to make 
new determinations of the meridian. If they do not coincide with the 
old they are to wait until August 1st. Authorized to run southwest try 
line. 



oo-J- 



SOrKCE MATERIAL 



1761, 
May 22. 



Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Record of Court 

Ms. Orig. p. R. O. "Chancery Proceedings." 

Absx. Cites Bill of Complaint and recites final agreement. Proprietaries 
to make out commissions for not more than seven and not less than 
three persons to conclude the running of part of the boundary line. 

Note. Baltimore's ansrwer of 27 Aug. 1761 is attached to this. 



June 10. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharps. 

Ms. Okio. Md. Hist. Soc. 

PtTB. Md. Arch., v. 9, p. 519-521. 

Abst. Reports agreement between the proprietors as to enlargement of 
time and that east and west line shall be a parallel of latitude. 

June 15. Letter. John Robertson "to Thos. Penn. London." 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hisr. Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries." p. G7. 
Abst. Answering a proposal for describing a parallel of latitude, has con- 
sidered ease of the whole operation and expense. 

June 19. Letter. C. Calvert to Hammersley. 2 pp. foL 

Ms. Copr. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. No. 1236. 

Abst. Lord Baltimore asks Hammersley's advice in regard to Power of 

Court and Sheriff of Worcester over People formerlv of that County, now 

falling north of the line run in 1751. 



June 25. 



Commission. Governor Sharpe to Rev. John Barclay, as commis- 
sioner for Maryland. 



Note. In place of "Hon. Dan Dulaney now embarking for England.' 
June 25 Minutes Comsr. 1761, June 26. 



Cf. 



June 26. Minutes of Commissioners Proceedings at Chestertown, Kent 
County. Maryland. March 25. 1761. to June 26, 1761. together 
instructions to surveyors about running the mid-peninsular 
north and south line. 6 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 71. Cf. Allen. Cat. 

Penn Papers, No. 62. 
Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers. No. 634 (10 pp. fol.) 
Abst. Meridian taken by the star Aloith and Polar star. Letters to 
surveyors with instructions as to where and how to run the line. This 
is preceded by an auto-signed statement of Governor James Hamilton 
that Richard Tea. clerk, and Richard Peters, secretary of the provinces 
of Pennsylvania, hare appeared before Mm and sworn this to be a true 
copy. Dated 22 August. 1761. 

June 30. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hisr. Soc. Sharpe Letterbook lY. p. 205. 
PCB. Md. Arch., v. 9. p. 527. 

Abst. Announces that true north line has been run 26 miles up the penin- 
sula and ths>t work will be renewed on July 15. 

July. Queries submitted to Mr, Robertson by Thos. Penn. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copt, Pa. Hist, Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. SI. 

Abst. Queries on the 2nd. 4th and Sth of the original articles between 
the proprietors of Maryland and Pennsylvania and eight questions on 
the geodetic problems involved in runnin? tie line. 

See letter. Robertson. 6 July 1761. 

July 6. Demonstrations by John Robertson. "Mr. Robertsons scheme.'' 



Ms. Okig- Pa, Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries." p. &S. 
Abst, Ms. answers to eight queries proposed by Mr. Penn. 
describe a Parallel of Latitude." 



Method. "To 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 335 

1761. 

July? "Discussion [probably by Doctor Harris]. 5 pp., and diag. to 
ascertain the latitude for the boundary and to continue that 
boundary westward to any assigned difference of longitude." 

Ms. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 102. 
Abst. Suggests improvements in the instrument proposed by Doctor 
Robertson. 

July 10. Commission. Appointing Jonathan Hall vice Mr. Arthur Emory, 
as surveyor for Maryland. 

Ms. Copt. In the fleJd notes and journals of the Surveyors of 1761, p. 44. 

July 15. Commission appointing John Lukens and Archibald McClean two 
of the surveyors for the proprietors of Pennsylvania. 

Ms. Copt. In the field notes and journal of the surveyors of 1761 p. 45. 

Addressed to Messrs. Prigg, Garnett, Stapler and Shankland. 
Note by Thomas Garnett and John Hall that this was received July 19, 1761. 

July 23. Opinion of Messrs. Pratt and Yorke on Agreement. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 649. 

Abst. Think that Boundaries now ascertained are real Boundaries and 
on this ground the Parties have agreed to apply to King to Ratify Agree- 
ment. Recommend Proprietors to carry covenant into Execution by Peti- 
tion to King and in meantime instruct their Governments and agents to 
induce tenants to comply with laws agreed upon by Proprietors. 

Aug. 17. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, p. 210. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 536-537. 

Abst. Refei^s to the fact that the boundary line is to be an arc of a 
parallel of latitude and not an arc of the great circle. And also that 
the surveyors can now use Alioth and are now at work. 

Aug. Instructions from Lord Baltimore to Governor Sharpe for his 
Conduct in Government of Maryland. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 630. 

Abst. Gives opinion of Pratt and I'ork (see Calvert Papers, No. 649). 
Instructed to use all lawful methods to induce tenants on each side the 
Lines to submit to Government to which they shall fall and to be obedient 
to Agreement. 

Aug. 22. Letter. John Lukens to Richard Peters, Esq. 2 pp. fol. Auto- 
signed. 

Ms. Okig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 70. 
Abst. Asks that he may be relieved as he finds instructions easy in theory 
but not in practice over swamps. 

Aug. 27. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Answer of Lord Baltimore to Bill 
of Complaint. 

Ms. P. R. O. "Chancery Proceedings." 

Abst. Commissions provided for a final agreement had in reality been 
executed 5 July 1760 and progress made, as well as extension of time 
arranged for from 30 April 1762 to 30 April 1763. 

Sept. 14. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, p. 211. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 53S-539. 

Abst. Announces that the surveyors had run the north line 44 miles and 
would reach Newcastle connections sometime in October. 



336 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1761. 

Oct. 22. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, p. 212. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 548-549. 

Abst. Asks that Proprietaries obtain the transit used in surveying a 
meridian through Salisbury Plain about 1748. 

Oct. 22. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Shai-pe Letterbook IV, p. 213. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 549-550. 

Abst. Describes the state of the work and asks regarding the east and 
west line if it should be extended westward to the "Fountain Head of 
the North Branches or to the Meridian of the most Western Spring that 
runs into the South Branch of Potomack." 

Oct. 23. Letter. Commissioners for Pennsylvania "to the Honoured Gen- 
tlemen" [Messrs. Penn]. 4 pp. fol. Auto signatures of Messrs. 
Hamilton, Allen, Peters, Ewing, Chew and Coleman. 

Ms. Ohio. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 78. Cf. Coleman 
Cat. Penn Papers, Nos. 27, 168. 

Abst. This letter, setting forth, as it does, the numerous errors and diffi- 
culties into which the surveyors had fallen undoubtedly led to the appoint- 
ment of new surveyors and the ultimate appointment of Mason and 
Dixon. 

Note. Ewing had been appointed in place of Lardner, gone to England. 

Oct. 24. Letter of instruction, Newcastle. Commissioners to Surveyors 
Hall, Garnett, Lukens and McClean. 

Ms. Copy. In Field notes and Journal of the surveyors of 1761, p. 13.3. 

Abst. They have fixed a stone near Joseph Tatloe's house near which the 
surveyors are desired to set up a post and from whence they are to 
measure the line of intersection according to former instructions. They 
are to measure accurately a base from which to triangulate the distance 
from the courthouse to the said post. 

Nov. 7. Instructions. Commissioners to the surveyors. 

Ms. Copy. In the Field notes and Journal of the surveyors of 1761, pp. 

135, 136. 
Abst. They are to run a straight line 12 miles, horizontal measure, from 

the center of the courthouse of Newcastle, making an angle of 19° 3' 55" 

northward with the line of intersection lately run. 

Nov. 9. Letter. Lord Stirling to Richard Peters, Esq. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 74. 

Abst. States that astronomical transit from East Jersey will be of little 
value until he can explain its manner of working as tile printed instruc- 
tions are lost. Approves Mr. Robertson's method for circle around New- 
castle. Cf. 6 July, 1761. 

Nov. 12. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, p. 216. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 551-552. 

Abst. Sends map showing what has been done and asks advice as to run- 
ning a tangent line. Says that Lord Baltimore's share of expense to 
date is £1000. Suggests that it may be better to have other surveyors 
run the northern boundary. 

Nov. 13. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV, p. 218. 
Pgb. Md. Arch., v. 9, pp. 554-555. 

Abst. Describes the work of the surveyors to date and asks whether the 
tangent line should be surveyed or determined by offsets made each mile. 

Nov. 29. Letter. Mr. Bordley to C. Calvert. 10 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Mist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1227. 

Abst. Relates what was done towards executing the Commission of run- 
ning lines between the proprietors. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 337 

1761. 
Dec. 1. Answers by the Maryland Council to the queries that were sent by 
the Honourable the Lords of Trade and Plantations to the Lieut. 
Governor of Maryland. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Council Proc. Liber J. R. & U. S., pp. 318-320. 
Abst. Gives description of physical features of state, charter boundaries 
and consequent disputes, and outlines of agreement of 4 July, 1760. 

Dec. 2. Field notes and Journal, Surveyors of 1761. Auto signed by John 
Lukens, Archibald McClean, Thomas Garnett and John Hall. 
156 pp. fol. 12 mo. 11 Dec, 1760, to 2 Dec, 176L 

Ms. Oeig. Land Office, Annapolis, Md. 

Note. This is the only copy of this journal that has b'-en found. The line 

here run is the true meridian 'or north line from which the surveyors of 

1762/3 made offsets to run the tangent line 
See map by Ewing, 1763, and remarks in field notes, 3 Aug. 1763. 

Dec 19. Letter. Lord Stirling to [Richard Peters?] (extr.) 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 75. 
ABST. States that the .Tersey quadrant is so exact that there will not be 
an error of 20 yards in the entire line. 

Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Bill of Complaint prepared by 
Penn's attorney. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 642. 

Abst. Penn complains that Lord Baltimore refuses to perform agreement. 

1762. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Answer of Lord Baltimore to 
* Complaint of Penns. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 644. 

Abst. 1. Believes it true that Articles of Agreement (10 May 1732) w^^re 
only made and executed by Charles, Lord Baltimore and John Penn. 

2. Begs leave to refer to Articles of Agreement and Orders of Council 

before he answers. 

3. Admits that Indenture of 4 July 1760 was duly acknowledged and 

enrolled in Court, but begs leave to refer to it again. 

4. Admits that he executed two commissions for running lines. 

5. Willing for Court to Ratify Indenture of 4 July 1760, and consents 

to perform its agreement. 

Jan. 13. "Extracts of a letter from Pennsylvania," 13 Jany., 1762. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 65. 

Abst. "It will not be in their power to carrj' this agreement into execu- 
tion unless Lord Baltimore sends word that unreasonable objections shall 
be avoided." 

See also Letter, 23 Dec. 1760. 

Feb. 20. Letter. John Robertson to Thomas Penn. 

Ms. Obig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 82. 

Abst. Transmits tables for latitude and explains the advantage of the 

astronomical method over the offset method for surveying the parallel. 

This was the plan adopted for the Mason and Dixon line. 
Note. Table with diagram showing offsets on scale of 1000 feet with 

explanations in his handwriting. 

Feb. 27. Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Brief for Defendant (Lord Balti- 
more). 21 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 645. 646, 647. 

Abst. Lord Baltimore Answers Bill of Penns (1761) praying that Inden- 
ture of 1760 be ratified by Court and Lord Baltimore be bound liy the 
Decree. Agrees to perform Indenture of Agreement 4 July 1760. 



338 



SOUKCE MATEEIAI. 



1762. 

Feb. 27. 



Chancery. Penn vs. Baltimore. Petition to confirm Agreement 
between Lord Baltimore and Penns. 36 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 06(3. 

Abst. Recites the disputes about boundary line and its settlement, from 
16S3-1762. 



Mar. 6. Decree by Lord High Chancellor for specific performance of Agree- 
ment of 1760. 

Note. Referred to in Broadside issued by Gov. of Pa. 1774. 

April 26. Commission. Gov. Sharpe to George Stuart to act as commis- 
sioner for Maryland. 

Abst. To take place of Hon. Robert Jenkins Henry, sick. Of. Apr. 6-29 
Minutes of Commiss. 1762, Apr. 30. 

April 30. Minutes of Commissioners. Proceedings at Newcastle, with in- 
structions to the surveyors. Auto-signed for Maryland by 
Messrs. Sharp, Ridout, Leeds, Steuart; for Pennsylvania by 
Messrs. Hamilton, Allen, Peters, Chew, Coleman. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 78. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 657. 

Abrt. Met at Newcastle: report of surveyors on runninsr line of intersec- 
tion ; report of surveyors in running tangent line ; commissioners ask for 
more time to 31 Dec. 1764. 

Last two pages also in Calvert Papers, No. 663. 



June 15. Commissioners. Journal No. 1. 



pp. sm. fol. 



Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 624. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 664. 
Abst. Copy of Instructions to surveyors and Journal with diagrams. 



June 17. Letter. Surveyors in field to Commissioners. 

Abst. Reporting deviation of tangent line at 15 mile post, 
of Commiss. 1762, Sept. 17. 



Cf. Minutes 



June 21. Commission. Governor Sharpe to John Ridout and John Leeds. 

Abst. Appointing them commissioners for Md. in place of Hon. Ben.i. 
Tasker. Jr. and Rev. Alex. Malcolm. Cf. July 29 Minutes Commiss. 
1762 Sept. 17. 

Note. Ridout was Secy, of Md., Leeds the Surveyor of 1760. 

July 23. Commission. Governor Hamilton to Rev. John Ewing. 

Abst. Appointing him commissioner in place of Lvnford Lardner "lately 
sailed for England." Cf. July 29 Minutes Commiss. 1762, Sept. 17. 

Aug. 20. Resolution. New Jersey Council. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 69. 

Abst. The astronomical quadrant with the box of instruments and in- 
structions belonging to it to be loaned to the proprietors of Pennsyl- 
vania, Lady Stirling to deliver the same to Mr. Peters or other person. 

Sept. 14? Commission. Governor Hamilton to Wm. Coleman. 

Abst. As commissioner for Pa. in place of "Ryves Holt who declined to 
serve»longer." Cf. Sept. 14 Minutes Commiss. 1762, Sept. 17. 

Note. Coleman was judge of the Supreme Court of Pa. 



RESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 339 

1762. 

Sept. 14. Addition to minutes of 14 Sept. proposed by Maryland Commis- 
sioners but objected to by Pennsylvania Commissioners. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 669. 

Abst. Pennsylvania Commissioners proposed a new calculation for finding 
true course of Tangent ; Maryland Commissioners suggest that lines be 
reported to Proprietors of Pennsylvania and Maryland and let them 
decide next step. Finally agreed that calculation be made on supposition 
that the Line last run is a straight Line. Maryland Commissioners 
believe error vpas committed in running last Line as well as in Meridian 
Line. 

Sept. 16. Extract of Commissioners' Minutes. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 667. 

Abst. Further instructions of Commissioners and Surveyors about running 
a line from middle post of east and west line to make an angle north- 
westerly with the line last run. 

Sept. 17. Extract from Commissioners' Minutes. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 668. 

Abst. Work on tangent line dropped for time being, and new line begun. 
Same instructions as in preceding. 

Sept. 17. Minutes of the Commissioners for running the lines between the 
provinces of Pennsylvania and Maryland from the 29th of July, 
1762, to September 17th following, both inclusive. 8 p. fol. 
Attested by Sec'y Peters. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 76, 77. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 664. 

Abst. Signed : for Maryland by Messrs. Ridout, Leeds, Stuart, Barclay ; 
for Pennsylvania by Messrs. Allen, Peters, Coleman. Ewing. Closing with 
instructions to surveyors Priggs, Garnet, Hall, Stapler, Lukens and 
McClean. 

Meetings 'held near "Mid-Point" and at Newcastle. 

Oct. 9. Letter. Commissioners to Proprietors. 

Cf. Allen, Cat. Perm Papers. No 16. 

Oct. 20? Commission. Governor Sharpe to Dennis Dulaney. 

Abst. As commissioner for Md. in place of Bdw. Lloyd "disabled from 

attending." Cf. Oct. 20 Minutes Commiss. 1763, Dec. 10. 
Note. Lloyd acted later as financial agent of Md. for the Survey. 

Nov. 1. Map. Philadelphia. By Nicholas Scull. 1 in. = 400 feet, 20xl5i^ in. 

Repub. by Miller and Moss, Phila., 1876. 

Issued one year before Mason and Dixon set up their observatory at South 
Street. Plots dwellings at corner of Cedar St. taken at southernmost 
point of city from which to measure south to the boundary. For sketch 
of the Plumstead and Huddle house where work began see : Emmett 
MSS. No. 14486, Lenox Library. 

Dec. 12. Copy of Instructions for Surveyors. 9 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 622, 623. 
Abst. Instructions to run meridian and north line, to use horizontal meas- 
ures, keep minutes, and keep Governors Sharp and Hamilton posted. 
1763. 

F'eb. 15. Mr. Penn's commission to their commissioners to Enlarge the time 
for settling the Boundarys of Pennsylvania and Maryland with 
Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 163. 

Note. A similar commission was issued by Baltimore. Cf. Minutes Com- 
miss, 1763, Apr. 30. 



340 SOURCE MATEEIAL 

1763. 

April 27. Letter. Richard Peters to Thomas Penn. 1 p. Q. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 101. 
Cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers No. 328. 

Abst. In spite of Mr. Alexander's Tables of Variation of Variation [varia- 
tion repeated] it is impossible to absolutely fix tlie place where the lines 
must run. As this variation is less as we go westward can it be right to 
run a whole westerly line of the Province with the same variation 
especially as this is all in your prejudice? If on examination of the 
worK by mathematicians in England it should be pronounced wrong can 
Lord Baltimore procure an order to do it over again? If an error be 
made in running the tangent line of say 1, 2, 3, 4. 5 miles East or West 
may it still be deemed the dividing line or shall the commissioner's return 
the line and set forth the error? 

April 30. Commission. Governor Sharpe to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. 

Abst. Appointing him "clerk to the commissioners of Lord Baltimore." 
Cf. Minutes Commiss. 1763, Apr. 30. 

June 6. Letter. Chas. Mason to Dr. Bradley. 

Ms. Orig. Radcliffe Observ. Oxford TJnlv. Bng. 

Abst. Thanks him for his kind wishes in the "North American [boundary] 
affair." Mr. Penn has been heard from and when Lord Baltimore re- 
turns. Dr. Bradley's recommendation will be a great favor. 

Note. Mason was assistant to Dr. Bradley who laid the foundation of 
practical astronomy. After returning from America Mason remained 
with him. When Bradley died 1782 Mason sailed with his family to 
live in America. 

IMASON AND DIXON SURVEY. 

July 20. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc. 
PcB. Md. Arch., v. 9, p. 105. 

Abst. Refers to failures of surveyors and engagement of Mason and 
Dixon. 

July 21. Minutes of Commissioners proceedings at Newcastle, 29 Apr. to 
21 July, together -with instructions to the surveyors. 15 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 109, 110, attested 

by Sec'y Peters, Phila., 30 Sept. 1763. 
Note. Orig. Ms. was in Custody of Sec'y Peters. 

July 21. Proceedings of Joint Commission (July 15— July 21, 1763). 17 
pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 674. 

Abst. Commissioners unable to agree as to the accuracy of the Line run 
last year. Further instructions to surveyors. 

July 20. Contract [rough draft] between Thomas Penn, Richard Penn, 
Lord Baltimore proprietaries [London] and two mathematicians 
[spaces left blank for names], agreeing to pay the latter 10 sh. 
6 d. each from the 26th of June, 1763, to the day of their landing 
in America; £1 1 sh. for each day during the time they are in 
America and up to their landing again in England; 10 sh. 6 d. 
extra each day on their return passage and £1 1 sh. for the 
time necessary to complete the work. Provisions are made as to 
the time to be allowed for the accomplishment of the work and 
stipulation that the expense shall be borne proportionately by 
the pi^oprietaries. Unsigned. 10 p. 5 p. text. 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 105, 106. 

Note. This contract is apparently the draft prepared by the solicitors 
and may have been used as the "copy" for an engrossed instrument. The 
date Is pencilled in only, at the top of the first page. See Aug. 4, 1763. 

See also bill rendered, 11 Nov. 1768. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 341 

1763. 

Aug. 4. Instrument of Reciprocal Agreement between Lord Baltimore and 
the Penns and Mason and Dixon. 4 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 679. 

Abst. Lord Baltimore and tlie Penns agree to pay traveling expenses and 
one pound one shilling a day for services of Mason and Dixon. Mason 
and Dixon agree to give their best assistance. All bind themselves in 
penal sum of two hundred pounds for faithful Performance of the Agree- 
ment. [Decision to employ Messrs. Mason and Dixon reached 20 June. 
Agreement as to pav 14 July. See memo, with bill of surveyors. 
11 Nov. 1768. Mr. Gilbert Coke's copy.] 

Aug. 4. Lord Baltimore's direction to Governor Sharp and council of 
Maryland to assist Chas. Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in making 
the limits between Maryland and Pennsylvania. [Parchment.] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 165, 675, 678. 

Same : with colored wood-cut of 1732 map in margin. Calvert 
Papers, No. 166. 

Aug. 4. Hints from Messrs. Bevis and Harris [2 mathematicians] to Lord 
Baltimore and the Penns about running tangent Line and Paral- 
lel of Latitude. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 680. 

Abst. Discuss methods of running the lines. 

Note. These were sent to boundary Commiss. and by them delivered, Dec. 
1, to Mason and Dixon who were instructed, Dec. 10 to rerun the tan- 
gent line in accordance with these hints. Cf. Minutes of Commiss., 1762, 
Dec 10. 

Aug. 4. Letter. Thomas and Richard Penn to Governor James Hamilton, 
Wm. Allen, Richard Peters, Benjamin Chew, Wm. Coleman, John 
Erving and Geo. Stevenson. Requesting acceptance of Chas. 
Mason and Jeremiah Dixon and extending time for completing 
survey. Auto signed Thomas and Richard Penn. Parchment. 
7 pp. large fol. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. 103, 104. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 164, 677. 

Abst. Contract of the proprietaries with Charles Mason and Jeremiah 
Dixon "two persons who, they have the greatest reason to believe, are 
well-skilled in astronomy, mathematicks and surveying, of great integrity 
and totally unbiassed and unprejudiced on either side of the question to 
go over to America." Requests and desires the said commissioners to 
take the said Mason and Dixon to their aid and assistance to mark, run 
out, settle, fix and determine all such parts of the said circle, marks, lines 
and boundaries as are mentioned in the commission. From the endorse- 
ment it is evident that this was prepared as fair copy for the use of the 
engrossers, although there are numerous interlineations. The engrossed 
document was presented by Mason and Dixon, as their credentials, to 
the commissioners. See letter of the Pennsylvania Commissioners. Dec. 
20, 1763. The date of Aug. 4, 1763 (of the copy for the engrossers) is 
penciled in — The rough draft is dated July. Mason is herein described 
as "late Asst. observer at Greenwich," and Dixon as "land-surveyor of 
Cockfield, Durham." 

Aug. 10. Letter. Thomas Penn to Colonel [Joseph] Shippen. 

Repr. In Balch, Shippen Papers, p. 202. 

Abst. "Since Mr. Richard Peters has resigned [as secretary] to become 
a minister we cannot longer desire him to receive and disburse moneys 
lor the services of the commissioners and surveyors appointed for run- 
ning the lines between Maryland and Pennsylvania, and desire you to act 
in his place." 

Aug. 10. Letter. Thomas Penn to John Lukens. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, p. 273. 

Abst. "We have appointed two surveyors, .lointl.v with Lord Baltimore. 
to finish all these Lines who will embark about fourteen Days hence." 



342 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1763. 

Aug. 17. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Oeig. Lenox Lib. Emmet MSS. No. 14485. 

Abst. Forwards Dr. Bevis' transit instrument by Mason and Dixon and 

receipt for £71 paid tbem. Discusses minutely the new plan of survey 

by them. 

Aug. 21. Letter. Secretary Cecilius Calvert to Frederick, Lord Baltimore. 

Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 209-21.5. 

Abst. Recounts the arrangements made for Mason and Dixon Survey. 

Aug. 30. Field notes and Journal, 21 July, 1760, to 30 Aug., 1763, of the joint 
surveyors. Auto signed for Pennsylvania by John Lukens and 
Archibald McClean; for Maryland by John F. A. Priggs and 
Jonathan Hall. 130 pp. 

Ms. Oeig. Land Office, Annapolis. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries" p. 113. (Incomplete). 

Pub. Rep. Sec. Int. Aff., Pa. "Boundaries," pp. 340-351 (in part). Taken 
from authenticated copy in possession of Ferd. Hassler. 

Note. This is the only complete original or complete copy that has been 
found of this journal. The copy of the minutes from July 21 to August 
30, 1763 was made for the use of the Pennsylvania proprietors and is 
now among the Penn manuscripts in the Pennsylvania Historical 
Society. See also field notes of preceding year, 2 Dec. 1761. 

Aug. 30. Journal No. 2. Commissioners. 56 pp. sm. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 625. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 664. Extracts, 25 pp. fol. 
Abst. Journal with diagrams and further instructions to the surveyors. 

Sept. 25. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Lord Baltimore. 7 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1271. 

Abst. Says he agreed with the Penns that in running lines, agreed Lati- 
tudes should be ascertained by distance of stars. Also tells of agree- 
ment with Mason and Dixon and under what conditions they came to 
America. 

Nov. 3. Commission. Governor Sharpe to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. 

Abst. As commissioner for Md. in place of Dennis Dulaney. Cf. Nov. 3, 

Minutes Commiss. 1762, Dec 10. 
Note. Jenifer was already clerk to Md. commiss. as Maurice was for Pa. 

Nov. 10. Letter. Governor Sharp to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 120. 

Abst. Gives account of meeting at Georgetown and agreement to postpone 
further work pending arrival of Mason and Dixon. 

Dec. 1. Proclamation by Lieut. Gov. Golden of N. Y. of the royal procla- 
mation declaring the boundaries of the several governments of 
America. 

Ms. N. Y. Sec'y State, OflE., English MSS. v. 92, p. 58. 
Dec. 6. Oath qualifying Mason and Dixon. 

Note. Drawn up by Commiss. Administered this date by Judge Coleman 
of the Pa. Supreme Court, one of the Commiss. Cf. Minutes Commiss. 
1763, Dec. 10. 

Dec. 9. Instructions of Commissioners at Phila. to Surveyors Mason and 
Dixon. 

Ms. Copy. Minutes Commiss. 1872 Dec 10. 

Abst. After running Phila. to Brandywine line and line south 15 miles 

they are to re-run tangent line from Middle Point. Are to sign two 

journals each day. 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 343 

1763. 

Dec. 10. Minutes of the Commissioners from Oct. 20, 1763, to Dec. 10, 1763. 
15 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," pp. Ill, 112. 
Md. Hist. Soc, Calvei-t Papers, No. 681. 

Abst. Minutes of proceedings witli elaborate instructions to the new sur- 
veyors. Messrs. Mason and Dixon, as to the operations they shall first 
undertake and the instruments that shall be used. 

Meeting of Oct. 20 held at Georgetown, Md., that of Dec. at Fhila. 

Dec. 13. Letter. Secy Ridout to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
PoB. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 123. 

Abst. Announces arrival of Mason and Dixon and recites the instructions 
.1 given to them at Philadelphia. 

Dec. 20 "Representation of Facts". By Commiss. John Ewing for the Pa. 
Commiss. 

Ms. Geig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 97. "Draught" 
on p. 92. 

Abst. Representation of facts, with draught delineating the two lines last 
run. Both are agreeable to a letter written by the Pennsylvania com- 
missioners to the proprietaries 20 Dec. 1763, heing a resume of the 
operations conducted in surveying the tangent line and from which it 
appears that the work has been conducted with mathematical precision, 
although the second effort to describe the tangent line met with little 
better success than the first. 

Dec. 20. Map. [John Ewing.] Draught delineating the two lines last run 
[as tangent lines to the Newcastle circle]. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Grig. Pa. Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 92. 

Abst. This shows the tangent line of 1762 and the tangent line of 1763 ; 
also the offsets from the line of 1762 marked with posts and west of the 
1762 line, and the offset from the line of 1763 marked with posts and east 
of the 1763 line. See extract from the commissioners' letter, Phila. 
Dec 20, 1763. 

Dec. 220. Letter. Pennsylvania Commissioners [Hamilton et al.] to Thomas 
and Richard Penn. 3 pp. fol. Auto signed. 

Ms. Geig. Pa. Hist. Soc. Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 115. 

Abst. Announces the arrival of Messrs. Mason and Dixon and acknowl- 
edges the receipt of the Proprietors' instructions ihanded them by Mason 
and Dixon as well as of the paper of hints by Dr. Harris and Bevis. 
Relates the proceedings of the last meeting of the commissioners. 
Encloses for Penn's better information "A Representation of Pacts," so 
that Mr. Penn will be acquainted with all of the details of the situation. 
Agree with Mason and Dixon that the accepted measurement of a degree 
latitude on the earth's surface (given in hints) is too short and cannot 
be depended upon. Therefore, will proceed to measure 15 miles south of 
Philadelphia by mensuration. 

Note. Probably occasioned accurate measurement of degree of latitude for 
Royal Society by Mason and Dixon. See : Roy. Soc Trans, v. 12. 

Dec. 20. "Reasons offered by the Maryland Commissioners for deferring the 
work" and "The Pennsylvania Commissioners' answer." 1 p 
fol. Unsigned. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 98. 

Dec. 28. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, pp. 126-127. 

Abst. Gives an account of starting Mason and Dixon and thinks more 
time will be needed. 



344 



SOUKCE MATERIAL 



Ms. Oeig. 
State. 



1764. 
Jan. 7. Letter. Richard Peters to Messrs. Mason and Dixon. 2 pp. O. 
Auto signed. 

Bound in the "Mason and Dixon Journal." Library U. S. Dept. 
Abst. Describes course of the line west from Philadelphia run in 1738/9. 
Feb. 16. Letter. David Rittenhouse to Wm. Barton. 

PoB. Barton. Mem. Eittenhouse, pp. 146, 147. 

Abst. Sec'y. Peters has paid him generously for his attendance at New- 
castle where he had "to go through a number of tedious and intricate 
calculations." 

Cf. also Pennypacker. "Eittenhouse" in Hai-per's Monthly Mag., 18S2, pp. 
65, 66 and repr. in his Hist. & Biog. Sketches, pp. 59-88. 

Aprils. Letter. Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 129-149. 

Abst. Says Penns are trying to ar.-ange for the running of their northern 
boundary as a douceur to the New Surveyors [Mason and Dixon] if they 
treat them well. 

June 2. Commission from the Right Honorable Lord Baltimore, Lord Pro- 
prietary of Maryland, for Enlarging the time granted by former 
Commissioners for setting the Boundarys between Maryland and 
Pennsylvania with Messrs. Penn to 31 December, 1765. [Parch- 
ment.] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 167. 

Cf. Commission 4 Dec. 1765 extending time one year. 

Note. Commissioners agreed May 21, 1764 to ask an extension to Dec. 31, 
1766. Cf. Minutes Commiss. 176S. Proprietors apparently agreed to 
sanction extensions only a year at a time. See entries 1764, Dec. 31 ; 
1765, Nov. 28 ; 1766, Nov. 1 ; 1767, Nov. 12. 

June 11. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert, 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, pp. 163-164. 

Abst. "15 mile south line terminates more than a quarter of a mile North- 
ward of the point to which the temporary line run in 1739 inclined us to 
think it would extend." 

July 10. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 167. 

Abst. Thinks Mason and Dixon will be busy all the summer running the 
tangent line which lits so far west of the old that a new vista must 
be cut. 

Aug. 22. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 173. 

Abst. Tells of progress of Mason and Dixon and says no work on the 
northern boundary likely before end of summer. 

Nov. 13. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 



Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 183. 

Abst. Tells of progress of Tangent Line and outlines methods of running 
the East and West Line proposed by Mason and Dixon. 



EESUEVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 345 

1764. 
Nov. 21? Commissions. Governor John Penn to Edward Shippen and 
Thomas Willing. 

Abst. Commissioners for Pa. in place of George Stevenson disabled and 
Richard Peters "now absent beyond tlie seas." Cf. Minutes Commiss. 
1768, No. 9. 

Dec. 4. Letter. Mason and Dixon to [Commissioners?]. 44 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1290. 

Abst. Tells their method of running the tangent line and the result. 
Tables of measurements. They conclude that offset posts made from 
fii*st line is in the true tangent line established on 24 November. 

Dec. 15. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 187. 

Abst. Sends copy of minutes of meeting held 24 Nov., saying "it will be 
two years yet before the whole business can be finished." 

Dec. 31. Commission from Lord Baltimore to Commissioners. Enlarging 
the time for running the Boundarys between Maryland and 
Pennsylvania till 25th December, 1764. Parchment, signed by 
Cecilius Calvert, His Attor'y. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 162. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 673. (Extracts date to 31 
Dec. 1764). 
1765. 
Jan. 16. Letter. Secretary Cecilius Calvert to Governor Sharpe (?). 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc. Calvert Papers, No. 1191. 
Pub. Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. No. 34, pp. 248-255. 
Abst. Refers with satisfaction to work of Mason and Dixon. 

July 10. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert, 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 199. 

Abst. Says Mason and Dixon completed work east of Susquehanna June 
17, but that they will not reach the limits of settlement during that field 
season. 

Sept. 12. Letter. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to Joseph Shippen, 
Jr. 1 p. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 114. 

Cf. Allen. Cat. Penn Papers, No. 64, lot 2. 

Abst. Copy of report of progress giving observations taken. They are 95 
miles from the point of beginning, which was 2 miles to the north of 
Newark in Newcastle county. The temporary [run in 1739] line was 
at first half a mile to the southward, and it is now distant from their 
vista half a mile. The next station will be North mountain. They hope 
to run far enough this season to determine whether the line will cross 
the river Potomac or not. Wrote Governor Sharpe a fortnight ago for 
£400 or £500, but have had no answer. 

Oct. 24. Minutes of Royal Society. Appointment of Mason and Dixon to 
measure a degree of latitude "in the neighborhood of Pennsyl- 
vania." 

Ms. Okiq. Royal Soc. Lond., Council Minutes. 
Pub. Mag. West Hist., v. 5, p. 454. 

Nov. 11. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 239. 

Abst. Says commissioners meet at York, Pa., Nov. 16, and that the line 
has reached North Mountain. 



346 SOTJECE MATERIAI> 

1765. 

Nov. 11. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
P0B. Md. Arcb., v. 14, p. 239. 

Abst. Says new line has crossed "Temporary Line" several times and is 
now half a mile south. The line will not intersect Potomac (near Harj 
cock) but will run eight or ten miles north of Fort Cumberland. 

Nov. 16? Commissions. Governor Sharpe to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer 
and J. Beale Bordley deceased. Cf. Nov. 16, Minutes Commiss.. 
1768, Nov. 9. 

Nov. 28. Draft of commission from Lord Baltimore for enlarging time 
limited by former commission for settling Boundaries between 
Maryland and Pennsylvania. 6 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 685. 

Abst. Time extended to 31 December 1766. 

Note. Applied for by Commissioners, 21 May, 1764. 

Nov. 28. Commission to Mr. Penn's commissioners to enlarge the time to 
settle the Boundaries of Pennsylvania and Maryland with Lord 
Baltimore to the 31st Day of December, 1766. [Parchment.] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 168. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 169, imperfect. 

Dec. 4. Commission from the Right Honorable Lord Baltimore, Lord Pro- 
prietary of Maryland, for Enlarging the time limited by former 
Commissions for settling the Boundaries between Maryland and 
Pennsylvania with Messrs. Penn to 31 December, 1766. [Parch- 
ment.] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Flist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 170. 
Dec. 21. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Cecilius Calvert. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
PCB. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 250. 

Note. Mason and Dixon report that they have run 114 miles from North- 
east corner of Maryland and he hopes the whole affair can be ended in 
summer of 1766. 
1766. 
Mar. 21 Instructions. Commissioners to Surveyors Mason and Dixon. 

Ms. Copy. Mar. 21 Minutes Commiss. 1768. 

Abst. To run line from North Mountain to Allegheny Mountain and re- 
port fortnightly through John Darnell, Frederick, Md., and through 
Edw. Shippen, Lancaster, Pa. 

April 14. Letter. Mason and Dixon to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Orig. Md. Hist. Soc, Gilmor Papers, v. 2, p. 3. 
Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 298. 

Latrobe, Mason and Dixon line, p. 45. 
Abst. Report that Penns have paid £615 more than Lard Baltimore and 
ask for £600-£700. 

May 28. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Mr. Hamersely. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterbook IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 307. 

Abst. Asks extension of time and reports that the line is almost to Fort 
Cumberland. 

June 10. Letter. Mason and Dixon to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Okig. Md. Jlist. Soc, Gilmor Papers, v. 2, pt. 3. 

Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 311. 

Abst. Announce line extended 165 miles to the foot of Savage Mountain. 



EESURVET OF MASOK-DIXON LINE 347 

1766. 

July 14. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Lord Baltimore. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Sharpe Letterboob IV. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 317. 

Abst. Reports progress of Mason and Dirou. 

July 14. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Mr. Hemersley. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 318. 

Abst. Reports progress of Mason and Dixon and thinks it unwise to 
extend the line further as Indians may take offense. 

July 24. Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to the Pennsylvania com- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 108. 

Abst. As they find that the Messrs. Mason and Dixon have opened the 
vista till October next, and it will be very inconvenient for the Maryland 
commissioners to meet at Christina Bridge at the time appointed, 
because their provincial court is sitting, asks if there will be any objec- 
tion for postponing the meeting for a few weeks? 

July 29. Letter. Commissioners for Pennsylvania to the Maryland Com- 
missioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 109. 

Abst. As the meeting proposed for the 80th instant will meet no purpose. 
they agree to have the meeting deferred imtil the surveyors have fully 
executed the last instructions of the commissioners, which they think 
will be about the 29th of October next. They propose a meeting at 
Christina Bridge. 

Aug. 2 Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to Pennsylvania Commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 110. 
Abst. Acknowledging the receipt of their letter of the 28th ulto. and 
agree to meet at Christina Bridge on the 2Sth of October next. 

Aug. 12. Letter. Mason and Dixon to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Gilmor Papers, v. 2, pt. 3. 
Pob. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 328. 

Abst. Acknowledges receipt of £500. 

Sept. 19. Letter. R. H. Allen and Benjamin Chew, Commissioners, to 
Messrs. Mason and Dixon. 1 p. 

Ms. Oeig. Bound in the "Mason and Dixon Journal" in Library TJ. S. 
Dept. State. Letter in handwriting of Chew. 

Abst. The meeting of the commissioners has been postponed to the 28th 
of next month. On reaching the east end of their line the surveyors will 
discharge their workmen. No objections to their measuring a degree of 
latitude for the Royal Society, but will expect them to attend the 
commissioners at Christina Bridge, to exhibit their books and make 
report of their work. 

Oct. 1. Letter. Mason and Dixon to Governor Sharpe. 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Gilmor Papers, v. 2, pt. 3. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 14, p. 332. 

Oct. 1. Letter. Mason and Dixon to Benjamin Chew. 

Ms. Oeig. Lenox Lib. Emmet MSS. No. 14459, 1 p. O. 

Abst. Will set up sector at Middle point as have advised Gov. Sharpe 
and will attend at place of meeting. 



348 



SOURCE MATERIAL 



1766. 

Oct. 5. Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to Pennsylvania commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. CoPi'. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768. p. 110. 

Abst. As Messrs. Mason and Dixon have already executed the instructions 
of the 21st of March last, are willing to proceed at once to set up in the 
tangent line the circle and east and west line, the 100 boundary stones, 
which will within a few days be conveyed to the head of Chester, 
Bohemia, Elk and Patapsco rivers. Ask that the meeting be postponed 
until the stones are fixed, which will be some time in November. 

Oct. 22. Letter. Commissioners for Pennsylvania to Maryland commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 111. 

Abst. Concur with the proposal that the stones be set by the surveyors. 
Proposed the next meeting be at Christina Bridge, the 20th of November 
next. 

Oct. 26. Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to Pennsylvania commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 112. 

Abst. Being in doubt whether their proposal would be acceptable they 
initend to set off for Christina Bridge in the morning. As the pro- 
prietors desire that the line should be continued as far westward as 
Pennsylvania extends, suggest the time be prolonged for running the line. 

Oct. 31. Letter. Commissioners for Pennsylvania to Commissioners for 
Maryland. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 113. 

Abst. Have no ohjection to the proposal made in their letter of the 26th 
inst. and will meet at Christina Bridge on the date agreed upon by 
Messrs. Barclay and Ewing to set boundary stones on Tangent line. 

Nov. 1. Commission to Mr. Penn's Commissioners to enlarge the time to 
settle the Boundaries of Pennsylvania and Maryland with Lord 
Baltimore. [Parchment] 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 172. 
Abst. Extends time to December, 1767. 

Nov. 1. Commission from the Right Honorable Lord Baltimore, Lord Pro- 
prietary of Maryland, for Enlarging the Time limited by former 
Commissions for settling the Boundaries between Maryland and 
Pennsylvania with Messrs. Penn to 31 December, 1767. [Parch- 
ment] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers. No. 171. 

Nov. 10. Commissioners for Pennsylvania to Maryland Commissioner.^?. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 113. 
Abst. Are Informed that the boundary stones will be set before the 17th 

of the present month. Request a meeting of the commissioners at 

Christina Bridge on that date, if agreeable. 

Nov. 14. Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to Pennsylvania Commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 113. 
Abst. j^lthough it is not convenient for the Maryland commissioners to 
meet at Christina Bridge on the 17th, three of them will be present. 



KESUEVET OF MASOK-DIXON LINE 349 

1766. 

Nov. 20. Minutes of Proceedings. Maryland Commissioners. 1 p. (MS., 
rough draft.) 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Mason and Dixon Survey MSS. 
Abst. Minutes of commissioners asking the governors of Maryland and 
Pennsylvania to apply to Sir William Johnson, His Maiesty's agent and 
superintendent for Indian Alfairs, to secure the good-will of the Indians 
claiming an interest in the lands along the west line. 
1767. 
Feb. 9. Letter. Governor Horatio Sharpe to Governor Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 4, p. 262. 

.A.BST. Since Sir William Johnson cannot expect at an expense of £500 to 
get an answer from the Indians in accordance with the commissioners' 
agreement at the last meeting and as he seems very doubtful whether he 
will be able to prevail upon them now to give their consent to dividing 
lines being continued to the westermost limits of Pennsylvania, neverthe- 
less if it is thought best that immediate application be made to the 
Indians, will direct Lord Baltimore's agent to defray one-half of the 
expense. Should Sir William be apprehensive that the Indians, will be 
averse to complying with the request which the commissioners agreed 
should be made, is not in favor of his making any application at all. 

Feb. 24. Letter. N. Maskelyne to Messrs. Mason and Dixon. 3 p. auto- 
letter, signed. O. 

Ms. Grig. Bound in the "Mason and Dixon Journal" in its proper chro- 
nological place in the Journal. Library U. S. Dept. State. 
Abst. Deals with work done under auspices of Royal Society. 

Note. Maskelyne was Astronomer Royal at Greenwich. 

Mar. 10. Letter. Commissioners for Pennsylvania to Maryland Commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 119. 
Abst. With no word from the Proprietaries or Sir William Johnson they 
suggest a postponement of the meeting until the 28th of April next. 

Mar. 16. Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to Pennsylvania Commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 119. 
Abst. They agree to a postponement of the meeting suggested by the 
Pennsylvania Commissioners until the 20th of next month at Chester. 

April 21. Letter. Commissioners of Pennsylvania to Commissioners for 
Maryland. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 119. 

Abst. As no news has yet been received from Sir William Johnson, 
whether or not the Indians consent to the continuing of the line beyond 
the Alleganies, they suggest that the meeting be held at Chester on the 
20th of May next, when Sir William may have been heard from. 

May 3. Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to Commissioners for Penn- 
sylvania. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 120. 

.\est. Regret that the meeting must be put off to a later date, especially 
as it will not be convenient to meet at Chester on the 20th on account 
of the sitting of the provincial court at that time. Are willing to have 
Mason and Dixon begin work on receipt of Sir William Johnson's answer. 

May 11. Letter. Commissioners for Pennsylvania to Commissioners for 
Maryland. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-1768, p. 121. 

Abst. Commission for prolonging the time for running the lines to the 
30th of December next have been received, but no advices from Sir 
William Johnson. They, therefore, suggest meeting at Chester on the 
16th of June be postponed and concur with proposal that the surveyors 
be instructed to proceed with the lines in case a letter is received stating 
that the Indians have given their consent. 



350 



SOUKCE MATERIAL, 



1767. 

May 17. Letter. Commissioners for Maryland to Pennsylvania Commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. In minutes of the joint commission of 1760-17G8, p. 121. 

Abst. They are desirous that Mason and Dixon should proceed with the 
line as soon as the Indians have given their consent. Agree to the pro- 
posal of the Pennsylvania commissioners that the Chester meeting be 
postponed. More boundary stones are aboard a ship just arrived in Wye 
river. These will be sent to Baltimore Town to be conveyed by land to 
places in the line where they are to be set up. 

May 20. Letter. Sir William Johnson to Governor John Penn. 

Ms. June 17, Minutes of Commiss., 1768, also letter to Gen. Gage same 

date. 
Abst. At meeting of 600 Indians at German Flats, May 12, got their 

consent to running of the lines, several of their people to be present. 

May 20. Letter. Sir William Johnson to Gen. Gage. 

Ms. Ohio. Johnson MSS. N. Y. State. 

Pub. Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 2, pp. 496, 497. 

Abst. Secured from 627 Indians attending, but with much difficulty, con- 
sent to permit the divisional lines of Pa. and Md. to be run to west- 
ward of the Allegany. 

June 16? Commission. Governor Sharpe to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. 
Abst. As commissioner for Md. Cf. June 16, Minutes of Commiss., 1768. 



Mason and Dixon. 1 p. 0. Auto 



June 17. Letter. Thomas Penn to Messrs. 
letter signed. 

Ms. Oeig. In "Mason and Dixon Journal." U. S. Dept. State. 
Abst. Acknowledges their letter of January 6th and is satisfied with their 
account of the work done. 



June 18. Instructions. Commissioners to Surveyors Mason and Dixon. 

Ms. Copy. June 18 in Minutes Commiss., 1768. 
Pub. Mag. West. Hist., v. 5, p. 456. 

Abst. Will continue west line to end of 5 degrees of longitude and mark 
it with heaps of stones and with the 139 boundary stones they are to 
send for to Baltimore. 

June 22. Letter. Commissioners for Pennsylvania to Maryland Commis- 
sioners. 

Ms. Copy. Cf. Minutes of Commissioners, 17GS. 

Abst. Were surprised to leam that instead of the five or six Indians Sir 
William Johnson announced would accompany the surveyors there was 
a much greater numtoer, not less than 100 or 150, who were assembling 
for that purpose. As the expense of subsisting so large a number would 
be intolerable, after advising Mr. Croghan, Sir William Johnson's deputy, 
they came to the resolution contained in the enclosed minute. As any 
application to the Indians without a small present would be ineffectual 
they were under the necessity of directing one to be made and trust that 
this measure will not be disapproved of by the Maryland commissioners. 
The minute in the foregoing letter is of same date and gives steps taken 
to prevent Indians from coming below Harris' Ferry [Harrisburg] 
where they were. 



July 17. Letter. Governor Sharpe to Pennsylvania Commissioners. 

Ms. Copy. Cf. Minutes of Commissioners, 1768. 

Abst. Answer to their letter of the 22nd of last month has been delayed 
because Major Jenifer and himself did not return directly from Chestei", 
but made a long stay in Baltimore County. Their letter has been laid 
before the other commissioners, who consider the measure taken to induce 
the Indians to return was expedient and that the expense would be 
borne by the proprietors jointly. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 351 

1767. 

Oct. 4. Journal of Daily Observations, Mason and Dixon, from 15 Novem- 
ber, 1765, to 4 October, 1767. 206 pp. 121/2 by 8 inches. 

Ms. Oeig. U. S. Lib. Sec'y State. 

Land OflSce, Annapolis. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, MSS. Mason and Dixon Survey. 
Pub. Cf. Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 59-281 (from 
Pa. copy). 

The U. S. Dept. State original is a folio bound volume of but 147 pp. 
The date on which this .Tournal begins is 15 November, 1763 — ^the 
same date on which the Maryland Land Office's and the Pennsylvania 
Historical Society's copies hegin. The last date is 11th September where 
the following words occur: "At 11 H. 1/2 A. M. went on board a Halifax 
Packet Boat for Falmouth, H. P. B. & F. Thus ends my restless progress 
in America. C. Mason." See also ante Dec. 4, 1767, and Bliss in 
bibliography of Secondary Material. 

The MS. copy of the Am. Philos. Soc, Phila., talien from an authenticated 
copy in possession of F. R. Hassler, first Supt. U. S. Coast Survey. 

Note. The Maryland copy is bound in calf and bears on the side this 
title, "Ancient Boundaries of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Original 
manuscrips astronomical observations and .lournal of Mason and Dixon 
From November 13, 1765 to October 4, 1767. Property of the State of 
Maryland." On the back of the volume is this title "Journal of Mason 
and Dixon of 176.3 to 1767." The variation in signature from time to 
time is quite apparent, Dixon having signed his quite small to begin 
with and increasing its size to nearly three times the initial size before 
the book is concluded. 

_ A comparison of the Maryland and State Dept. copies shows the follow- 
ing facts : The State Department copy has no signatures. The Maryland 
copy ends October 4, 1767, the Pennsylvania copy ends January 29, 1708, 
while the State Department copy continues until Sept. 4, 1768. The 
State Department copy contains much fuller descriptions of the opera- 
tions for each day, as well as numerous interlineations whereas the 
Maryland text is evidently a "fair copy." The Maryland copy has been 
in the official records of that state since the days of Governor Sharpe 
and it is evidently, therefore, the ofhcial copy pj-epared by Mason and 
Dixon for the State of Maryland. The State Department copy, on the 
other hand, was discovered in Halifa.Y rcf. Bliss), and it is evidently 
the original draft of notes as made by Charles Mason while in the held 
This conclusion is sustained by the fact that interleaved with the copy 
are numerous personal documents belonging to Mason. 

The Pennsylvania copy has at some time been in the possession of 
Isabella James, Edward Ingraham, J. Randolph Rogers and F. J Dreer 
It was acquired by the Pa. Hist. Soc. in 1868 from Isabella James bene- 
fit "for charity." Like the Maryland copy, it is evidently a "fair copy" 
made from Mason's copy. This Ms. has 226 pp. Cf. also Veech, 
Monongahela of Old, p. 2:^9 footnote. 

Mason and Dixon were directed by the Commiss. (minutes, Dec. 9, 
1768) "to keep minutes of their proceedings in two books which are 
every day to be signed by both of them, and to make notes of the 
buildings, waters, bridges and roads passed." One of these "two books" 
is the Md. copy, the other the Pa. copy. The State Dep't. copy con- 
taining but 147 pages is Mason's own journal. He closes it nearly a 
year after the "fair" copies are closed. Whether he left this volume in 
Halifax in Sept. 1768 as he embarked for England, or in 1782 when he 
returned with his family to settle in Phila. is unknown. The copy was 
discovered among some old papers in the Parliament building of Nova 
Scotia, and was presented by the Assembly to its clerk. It later came 
into the possession of Judge James of the Superior Court of Nova 
Scotia who exhibited it at Phila. in 1876. It was purchased through 
Geo. W. Childs by Sec'y Hamilton Fish in 1877 for $500.00 for the 
U. S. Dept. of State. 

Important extracts from this original have been published in Robert- 
son, Original Notes of Mason and Dixon Survey. See also Bliss, Mason 
and Dixon's Line. 

Nov. 1. Commission from the Right Honorable Lord Baltimore, Lord Pro- 
prietary of Maryland, for Enlarging the time limited by former 
Commissions for settling the Boundaries between Maryland and 
Pennsylvania with Messrs. Penn to 31 Dec, 1768. [Parchment.] 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 17.3. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 697, 11 pp. foJ. 



352 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1767. 

Nov. 2. Commission to Mr. Penn's Commissioners to Enlarge the time to 

settle the Boundaries of Pennsylvania and Maryland with Lord 

Baltimore. [Parchment.] 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 174. 

Dec. 26. Instructions. Commissioners to Surveyors Mason and Dixon. 

Ms. Copy. Dec. 26 In Minutes Commlss., 1768. 

Abst. Are to make a "plan or survey" of the line, sign and deliver it for 

approval by Commission tliat copies may be made. 
Note. This map was evidently prepared between June 21, when Mason 

and Dixon completed their work for the Royal Society, and July 21, a 

period for which the Commissioners allowed them full wages. Cf. Aug. 

27, Minutes, 1768. 
Copies of this map in Pa. Hist. Soc, Amer. Phila. Soc, Md. Hist. Soc, etc. 
Reproduced here as Plate LXXXII. 
1768. 
Jan. 29. Letter. Mason and Dixon to Mr. Hammersely. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1311. 

Pdb. Md. Hist. Mag., v. 2, pp. 315-318. 

Abst. Proceedings since 12 June. By all accounts from white men and 

Indians end of west line will not be above 20 miles from the Ohio in a 

West Course and not above 15 miles in a N. W. Course. 
Note. Dec. 26, 1767 to June 21, 1768. Mason and Dixon were surveying 

the degree of latitude along the Tangent Line for the Royal Society. 

All records of this omitted here for lack of sioace. 

July 1. Original order from the Attorney General and Solicitor General to 
all parties concerned in the boundaries of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland to appear at the Attorney General's house in Lincoln's 
Inn Fields. Signed by Wm. DeGrey, Attorney General, and J. 

Dunning [afterwards Lord Ashburnham], Solicitor General. 

Ms. Okig. Pa. Hist. Soc, cf. Coleman, Cat. Penn Papers, supp., No. 87. 

>; 

1 

Aug. 20. Opinion of William De Grey and J. Dunning [attorney general and 
solicitor general] on Petition of Lord Baltimore and Penn to 
King. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 698. 

Abst. Not necessary in point of law for King to comply with Petition. 

But King's approbation would tend to render Boundaries more authentic 

and satisfactory. 

Aug. 25? Commission. Governor Sharpe to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. 
Cf. Aug. 25, Minutes Commiss., 1768. 

Abst. As commissioner for Md. 

Note. A similar commission presented in 1767. See June 16, Minutes, 
1768. 

Aug. 26? Bill. Moses McClean, Steward, to Surveyors Mason and Dixon. 
Cf. Aug. 26, Minutes Commiss., 1768. Also 1770 Dec. 24 Joseph 
Shippen's accounting to Penns. 

Aug. 27? Map. Mason and Dixon's plan and survey of lines run in 1751 
from Fenwicks Island to the Middle Point. 

Note. Ordered made by Commiss., 26 Dec, 1767. Plan approved by them 
27 Aug., 1768. Cf. 27 Aug., 1768, Minutes of Comimiss., 1768- 

Sept. 10. Memo, by S. S. Bordley. 

Ms. Oeiq. Md. Land Office. Cf. Latrobe, Mason and Dixon's Line. 
Abst. Stone at "middle point" on peninsula east and west line had been 
dug up by persons looking for Captain Kidd's treasure. 



BESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 353 

1768. 

Nov. 9. Commissicners' on the Boundary, 1760-1768. [Minutes of the joint 
commissioners] "as well as on the Part of the Right Honourable 
the Lord Baltimore, Proprietary of the Province of Maryland, 
&c., as on the Part of the Honourable Thos. Penn and Richard 
Penn, Esqrs., Proprietors of the Province of Pennsylvania, &c." 
174 pp. fol. Auto-signed by the commissioners. November 19, 
1760, to November 9, 1768. MSS. 174 pp., 121/2x8 inches. 

Ms. Grig. In Land Office at Annapolis, Md. 

See also minutes recorded under 1760, Dec. 11 ; 1761, June 26 ; 1762, Apr. 
30, Sept. 17 ; 1763, July 21, Aug. 30, Dec. 10 ; 1766, Nov. 20 for copies 
taken from the official minutes apparently to send to proprietors. In 
later years of the survey the commissioners transacted much of their 
business by correspondence, which was, however, spread on the minutes. 

Note. This is the only original and only complete copy of the minutes of 
the commissioners that has been thus far found. A number of extracts 
were copied for the use of the Penn family and came with the Penn 
papers into the possession of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. The 
parts which have thus far been copied are indicated under their respec- 
tive dates. Cf. Graham, 1849., 

Nov. 9. Report of the commissioners appointed to fix the boundary line 
between Pennsylvania and Maryland, signed, 1768. 3 sheets of 
parchment with seals. Accompanied by plan of the boundary 
(which see). 

Ms. Oeig. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 1051, 1052. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, 
Ms. Copt. Amer. Phllos. Soc. library. 
Pub. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 44-58. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 4, pp. 2-36. 

Hart, Am. Hist., v. 2, pp. 107-109 (in part). 

Johnson, Hist. Cecil Co. 

Scharf, Hist. Md., pp. 407-409. 
Abst. Repeats articles of agreement of 1732 and decree and order of 
commissioners of 1760. 

Nov. 11. Report. Committee of Council to Committee for Plantation 
affairs. 

Ms. Copt. Lenox Lib. Chalmers Collec. "Papers rel. to Pa." Ms. v. 2 

(1756-69), p. 6. 
Abst. On consideration of petition of Md. and Pa. referred to them 24 

Aug. 1767, have secured the opinion from the Attorney and Solicitor 

General which is annexed. 

1768. [Pennnsylvania and Maryland Provinces, Proprietors. Joint Peti- 
tion to the King asking a ratification of the boundary as run.] 

Referred to in Broadside issued by Governor of Pennsylvania in 1774. 
Nov. 11. Letter. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to Thomas Penn. 

Ms. Grig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 117. 
Cf. Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 64. 

Abst. Asking appointment "to settle our Affairs" any day except the 15th 
inst. when they have an engagement at the Royal Observatory on business 
for the Royal Society, and enclosing bills amounting to £3512.09.00, less 
£1098.10.07. Also, corrected bill omitting item "Bill of exchange drawn 
upon The Honble Thos. Penn Esqr., when we were at New York. Sept. lO, 
1768, £30.00.00" [opposite which Penn ? wrote on the first bill "Dont 
put in this"]. 

1768. Bill of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon against The Right 
Honble Lord Baltimore and The Honble Thos. Penn and Richd 
Penn, Esqrs., Drs. For Wages June 26, 1763-Oct. 7, 1768. "For 
our passage to America and passage hence to England (£84). 
Total, £3516.19.00." 

Ms. Orig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 117. 

Cf. Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 64. etc. Amount less by £4.10. 
Ms. Copt. Mr. Gilbert Cope's library. West Chester, Pa. 

Cf. Contract with surveyors, 4 Aug. 1763. 



354 ■ SOUECE MATERIAL, 

1768. Pennsylvania Commissioners. "An account of the attendance ol 
the Commissioners of the honorable proprietors of Pennsyl- 
vania, in the survey for running the boundary lines between this 
province and the province of Maryland." 3 p. fol. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 116. 

Abst. James Hamilton. 75 days (Nov. 1760-May 1764) ; William Allen, 77 
(Nov. 1760-Nov. 1768) ; Richard Peters, 126 (Nov. 1760-August 1768) ; 
Benjamin Chew, 179 (Nov. 1760-Nov. 1768) ; Edward Shippen, Jr., 55 
(Nov. 1764-Nov. 1768) ; Thomas Willing, 80 (Nov. 1764-Nov. 1768) ; 
William Coleman, 38 (Nov. 1761-Nov. 1763) ; Lynford Lardner, 37 
(Nov. 1760-June 1761) ; Ryves Holt. 30 (Dec. 1760-Oct. 1761) ; Total 
697 days, total cost £731.17. Richard's share %, Thos. Penn %." 

1768. Commissioners and others. [Receipts given for monies expended 
by the Penn family in running the line between Pennsylvania 
and Maryland, 1760-1768.] Original vouchers amounting to 
£12,825.2.1., Pennsylvania currency. 

Ms. Orig. Amer. Philos. Soc, Phila. 

Note. "The vouchers attached are the original receipts given for money 
expended by the Penn family in running the line between Pennsylvania 
and Maryland from the year 1760 to 1768. They were preserved among 
bills and accounts fromi which they were selected which came into my 
possession through one of the descendants of Edmund Physick, who 
during his lifetime was Receiver General for the Penns. Philada, 1st 
mo. 9th, 1844, Geo. M. Justice." The equivalent in dollars is said to be 
$34,200.28. If the Baltimores paid an equal sum the Mason and Dixon 
line cost over $75,000 and the controversy cost this sum added to ail 
other expenses like the running of the line of 1750, the Temporai-y Line, 
the commission meetings under the agreement of 1732, and the court 
and counsel charges from 1682 to 1769, a period of 87 years. 

July 2. Map. Mason and Dixon. A plan of the boundary lines between 
the province of Maryland and the three lower counties of Dela- 
ware, with part of the parallel which is the boundary between 
the provinces of Pennsylvania and Maryland. 1 in.=4 mi. 68 1/^ 
in. X 26 in. In 5 sections from 2 copper-plates. Showing the width 
of three miles on each side of the line and the position of the 
crown or fifth mile-stones, the lines commencing at the Atlantic 
ocean and at the former Cape Henlopen and ending at the second 
crossing of Dunkard creek in the Alleghenies. This map was 
pasted above and around the first map of the parchment MSS. 
copy of the report of the commissioners on their running this 
boundary in 1768. Upon the same sheet are the signatures of 
the commissioners, with their seals. J. Smither, Engraver- 
Ms. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, Nos. 1050, 1051, 1052 (original of 
plate LXXXII this volume). 
Pa. Off. Secy. Int. Aff. with MSS. note, "Presented to the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania, 30 January, 1737, by Benjamin Chew, 
Cliveden, Philadelphia county," which makes this a certified copy. 
Md..Land Office. 
Ms. Copy. Off. Chief Engrs., U. S. A. 

Note. Sept. 3, 1768, to do., paid James Smither for engraving the survey 
of the boundary lines, £12.00.00. . . . Paid Robert Kennedy, for 
papers and printing, etc , £20.00.00. Entry in Joseph Shippen's account 
book, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," Pa. Hist. Soc. 

Another copy is in the Amer. Philos. Soc. library, where title sheet 
"The plan of the west line," etc., is mounted as the end of the 
piece beyond Dunkard Creek. This copy accompanied by MSS. and 
differently mounted from copy pasted in report of commissioners, 
1768, in the possession of the Md. Hist. Soc. The sheet bearing 
title "The plan of the West line," etc., is, in the latter case 
mounted as piece 3 filling the space at north east corner of the 
map. 
POB. Pa. Rejlt. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887. Atlas. Plate 1. 



KESUK.VEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 355 



1768. 



Map. Mason and Dixon. Two copies on tracing paper, one sheet 
each, were made "from the old engraved map now in the 
archives of the Maryland plan of the boundary line, etc., at 
Annapolis" December, 1850, by Lt. Col. J. D. Graham. One 
copy on tracing paper (3 sheets) were made "off the old plan 
of the west line," Annapolis, December 1850, also by Lt. Col. 
Graham. 
1769. 
Jan. 11. Ratification of the Mason and Dixon Survey. King in Council. 

Referred to in "Answer to Heads of inquiry from B. T. & P." 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 1, v. 6, p. 591. 

Cf. Smith, liaws of Pa., v. 2, p. 133. 
Proclamation by Gov. Pa., 8 Apr., 1775. 

Account and Receipt. "The Right Honble Lord Baltimore and 
The Honble Thos. Penn and Rich. Penn, Esqr. To Charles 
Mason and Jere Dixon for Wages. London Feb. (?) 1769. 2 p. 
fol. ms. pages. 

Ms. Ori'G. Pa. Hist. Soc, Misc. Papers, Penn and Baltimore-Penn Family, 

1768-1834. page 1. 
Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1026. 

Abst. This seems to be a copy of bill finally agreed upon. The date of 
the month is not filled in nor are any signatures attached. Compare 
with Mason and Dixon's bill for a different amount presented Nov. 11, 
1768. The period unaccounted for. 26 Dec. 1767 to 21 June 1768 was 
the timp occupied by them in measuring the degree of latitude for the 
Royal Societv. See Commissioners Minutes Aug. 27, 1768. Endorsed 
"Copy Penn vs. Ld. Baltimore. The mathematicians account and receipt. 
Ingrossed on the back of the agreement." Total Dr. £3516.9. 

26 June 1763 to Nov. 15, 1763, 142 days at 10s. 6d. p. day to each. 

15 Nov. 1763 to 26 Dec. 1767, 150 days at £l.ls. to each. 

21 June 1768 to 21 July 1768, 30 days at £l.ls. to each. 

21 July 1768 to 28 Aag. 1768, 37 days at 10s. 6d. to each. 

11 Sept. 1768 to 7 Oct. 1768. 26 days at 10s. 6d. to each. 

"For our passage to America and passage hence to England £84. 
Total credit £10.70s.7d." 

"By cash oaid said Mason and Dixon before their departure from 
England £142." 

"Bv cash paid us by the Commissioners in America as appears by our 
certiiicates £922.7s.7d." 

Cf. Minutes of Commlss., 27 Aug. 1768 (under 9 Nov., 1768). 

Feb. 24. Letter. Thomas Penn to Governor Hamilton. 

Ms. Orig. Amer. Philos. Soc, Penn Concep., p. 754. 

Abst. Plans to recommend that a law be passed to oblige the sherifiCs of 
the counties to meet those of Maryland every three years to visit the 
boundary as well as to make it penal to remove or deface any of the 
stones or other marks made to perpetuate the Division. 

Feb. 24. Receipt by Mason and Dixon of Lord Baltimore's moiety. 
Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 1027. 

Oct. 24. Letters. Sir Wm. Johnson, Indian Agent to Governor Penn. 

Pub. Pa. Archives, ser. 1, v. 4, p. 349. 

Abst. Has received his letter of the 16th ultimo and hopes the Indians 
have met surveyors at the place appointed, having given them notice 
since his letter was received upon the subject. . . . 

Note. Either .Johnson did not know surveyors Mason and Dixon had re- 
turned to England or Penn was pushing for a survey of the final 21 
miles from the Dunkard Creek War Path. 



356 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1770. 

Apr. 4. Map. Pennsylvania. N. Scull. 32x27 in. Printed by James 
■ Nevilson for the auuhor. 

Copy in Pa. Hist. Soc, No. Of 515. 

Rbpub. Pa. Arch., ser. 3, Apx. vl-10. Witti acknowledgments to tbe var- 
ious surveyors. 

Note. Shows Mason and Dixon line to Dunkard Creek with several inter- 
esting letter-press notes. "The whole line run by Mason and Dixon is 
delineated on this map but considered as a boundary that line should 
have extended no farther west than somewhere about the line A B or 
the true meridian of the 1st fountain of Potomack which is the western 
boundary of Maryland. Pennsylvania by the royal grant is there en- 
titled to run due south by the line A B for about 50 miles to the begin- 
ning of the 40th degree and then west to the end of 5 degrees from 
Delaware." This seems almost to have been dictated by the Penns. The 
second edition of this map published in London in 1775 strangely omits 
all of the Mason and Dixon line beyond the Maryland corner, evidently 
for the reason given above by Scull viz., to protect Penn's claims down 
to 39° in Virginia, i. e. the beginning of the 40th degree. Fry and 
Jefferson's map of Virginia of the same year follows this also, but runs 
the line from the corner of Md. southward to Lord Fairfax's line. The 
Pownall maps of N. A. of 1777 have interesting variations on this. 

Cf. discussions under Extension of Mason and Dixon Line. 

Dec. 24. Accounts. Joseph Shippen with The Honble Proprietaries of Penna. 
monies disbursed by Joseph Shippen, junr for the services of 
the comss. . . . and surveyors . . . appointed . . . 
for running the lines between Maryland and Pennsylvania." 
1763. 32 p. O. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Hist. Soc, MSS. Mason and Dixon survey. 
Note. Bound in volume entitled "Ms. of Mason and Dixon Surveys, 1763- 
68. Begins Nov. 3, 1763; ends December 24, 1770. (Includes all 
expenses of commissioners, surveyors and Indian escorts, "for riding 
Express" with letters, for transportation and erection of boundary 
stones). 
1771. 
Mar. 30. Letter. Governor John Penn to Governor Eden. 2 pp. fol. 

Ms. Ohio. Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS. No. 14490. 

Abst. Asks him to join in a proclamation on the establishment and ob- 
servance of the boundary lines. 
1773. 

July. Answer. Governor of Pa. to questions proposed in July 1773 by 
the Earl of Dartmouth [as to the bounds, etc.] 

Pub. Olden Time, v. I, pp. 549-552. 

Abst. Gives the latitude and longitude of the chief towns. Statement of 
the boundary dispute and the running of the Mason and Dixon line. 

Sept. 2. Act. Delaware Legislature. 

Abst. Confirms the Mason and Dixon boundary and extends the divisional 

lines of the counties through the newly acquired strip of territory from 

their western termini to the boundary so established, etc. Cf. Houston, 

Address on the history of the boundaries of Delaware, p. 105. 

1774. 

May 16. Letter. Governor John Penn to Governor Robt. Eden. Ms. orig. 

PnB. Md. Hist. Mag., v. 2, pp. 305-306. 

Abst. Regrets that guardians of Harford will not permit the publication 
of a joint proclamation extending the jurisdiction of the two provinces 
to the Mason and Dixon line. States he will issue one ex parte for 
Pennsylvania. 

Sept. 15. Broadside. Pennsylvania. Proclamation, Governor John Penn, 
Phila. 14 in. wide by 19 in. long. Printed by Hall & Sellers, 
1774. 

Grig. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS., "Papers relating to the 3 lower 
counties," p. 384. 



RBSUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 357 



1774. 



Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS. No. 14498. 

Cf. Sabin Diet., Nos. 59946, 59949 ; Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 161 ; 
Hildebum, No. 3088. 
Abst. Recounting ttie various articles of agreement and decrees, and 
announcing that these lines have been run, marked with visible stones, 
pillars and other land marks, and an exact plan or map of the lines 
•'may at large appear." "Whereas in 1769 a joint petition by the pro- 
prietors was presented to the King, asking his ratification, wherein His 
Majesty, by order of the council, Jany. 11, 1769, gave his approbation. 
Therefore, all living westward or northward of these lines are ordered 
to yield obedience to the laws of the povince. By His Lordship's com- 
mand, Jos. Shippen, Jr., Secretary. MS. endorsement." 
1775. 
April 8. Proclamation of Governor of Pennsylvania announcing ratification 
of Mason and Dixon line. Broadside, Phila. 

Pub. Houston, Address on hist, bound. Del., p. 106". Cf. Sabin Diet. No. 
59951. 

EXTENSION OF MASON AND DIXON LINE. 

1770. 

Jan. 3. Map. Tilghman, James. Pen and ink original including 39°-42° 
N. Lat. 8x12 Vs. 

Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries," p. 118. 
Cf. Allen, Cat. Penn Papers, No. 140 ; also letter 31 Jan., 1774. 
Note. Drawn to illustrate the dispute with Gov. Dunmore of Va. regarding 
extension of Mason and Dixon line. 

June 4. Letter. Geo. Croghan to Arthur St. Clair. 

Pub. Smith, St. Clair papers, v. 1, pp. 262-264. See also footnote. 
Abst. Complains because Penn took no measure to ascertain his bounds. 
Extension of line by Mason and Dixon beyond end of Md. was eoo parte. 
Has written Mr. Tilghman. 
Note. This dispute led to the sending of Tilghman with Allen to Williams- 
burg to arrange with Gov. Dunmore for running a line. 
1772. 
Nov. 28. Letter. Richard Penn to Edw. Physick, Receiver General of Pa. 
1 p. Q. 

Ms. Oeig. Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS. No. 14509. 

Abst. £50 to be paid Archibald McClean on his expenses in running a 
line westward from Mason and Dixon's line to ascertain westing of boit 
Pitt from the Delaware. 
1774. 
Jan. 31. Letter. Governor Penn to Governor Dunmore. 

Pub. Smith, St. Clair papers, v. 1, pp. 277-279. 
Olden Time, v. 1, pp. 457-459. 

Abst. Describes running of Mason and Dixon line in 1768, the line north 
from the 283d milestone, the calculations by Dr. Smith and Mr. Kitten- 
house. Enclosed a map illustrating these lines and hopes for peace 
until commissioners can be agreed on to run a temporary line. 

Mar. 3. Letter. Governor Dunmore to Governor Penn. 

Pub. Smith, St. Clair papers, v. 1, pp. 285-287. 

Abst. Insists on right of Virginia to country up to Pittsburg and de- 
mands apologies of western agents of Pa. for encroachment. 

Mar. 31. Letter. Governor Penn to Governor Dunmore. 

Pub. Smith, St. Clair papers, v. 1. pp. 287-291. 

Abst. Pennsylvania cooperated in 1752 with Virginia to erect forts on 
the Ohio to repel the French, but with the understanding it was without 
prejudice to Pennsylvania's title. Quotes correspondence between Govs. 
Dinwiddle of Va. and Hamilton of Pa. as evidence. Only a temporary 
line had been run at this time. Petition for a cofflijii^sion to mftCK 
boiWdari^ -y^itb Vft, ^ »ow before ^he Si^iog. 



358 



SOTJKCE MATERIAL 



1774. 

Apr. 28. 



May 7. 



Letter. Arthur St. Clair to Benjamin Chew. 

Pub. Smith, St. Clair papers, v. 1, pp. 295-296. 

Abst. Refers to a certain official act of Virginia's that Chew may use 

when he goes to the Williamsburgh conference. 
Note. Tilghman and Allen, but not Chew met Gov. Dunmore. 

Commissions and Instructions to James Tilghman and Andrew 
Allen and their report made to Governor Penn on their return, 7 
June, 1774. 3 pp. fol. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS. "Boundaries." 
Cf. Olden Time, 1846, v. 1, pp. 482-485. 
Pa. Col. Records, v. 3, pp. 455-461. 
Hening's Statutes of Virginia 
Hinsdale, Old Northwest, p. 109. 



1774. 



1775. 
Sept. 5. 



June 7. Report of Messrs. Tilghman and Allen concerning their conference 
with Governor Dunmore at Williamsburg, Va., May 23-27 entered 
on the Minutes of the Pennsylvania Council, 27 June, 1774. 

Ms. Copy. Pa. Hist. Soc, Penn MSS., "Boundaries," after above com- 
missions. 
Cf. Olden Time, 1846, v. 1, pp. 482-510. 

Abst. Contains complete account of this conference and copies of papers 
exchanged. 

June 20. Letter. James Tilghman to Arthur St. Clair. 

Pub. Smitli, St. Clair papers, v. 1, pp. 313-314. 

Abst. Could not bring Gov. Dunmore "to any more reasonable temporary 
lines." "Offered the Monongahela which he would not agree to." 

Proclamation. Gov. John Penn on Lord Dunmore's intrusion and 
the boundary line. 

Cf. Allen, Catl. Penn Papers, No. 161. 

Letter. Thomas Smith to Arthur St. Clair. 

Pub. Smith, St. Clair papers, v. 1, p. 360. 

Abst. Congress might settle temporary boundaries. The Monongahela 
would greatly favor Virginia toy Mr. Hooper's map according to which 
and St. Clair's and Rittenhouse lines Fort Pitt is 4 to 6 miles within 
Pa. ' Hooper is an authority on the side of Va. 

Note. Monongahela as west boundary of Pa. would have shortened the 
Mason and Dixon line by 10 miles east of Dunkard Creek where those 
surveyors ended. Pittsburg is really 30 miles inside the Pennsylvania 
boundary. 

Map of the British Empire in North America. By Samuel Dunn, 
Lond., Snyder and Bennett. 1776. 1 in.=250 miles. 12 x 18 y2. 
In Jefferys Amer. Atlas. 

One of the first maps to show the continuation of the Mason and Dixon 
line to the Ohio river. The western boundary of Md. is placed at Fort 
Cumberland. 

Map. New and correct map of North America . . . cor- 
rected from the original materials of Governor Pownall 1777. 
1 in.=135 miles. 47 x 40 in. in Faden's Atlas of N. A., Lond. 
1777. 

Text on map. "The limits of Pensulvania with Maryland are not yet 

finally detetmined." 
Note. The boundary ends at the southwest comer of Pa. 



1776. 



1776. 



KESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



350 



Sept. 



Dec. 18. 



1778. 



1776. 
June 15. Proposal for a boundary line with Pennsylvania, made by Vir- 
ginia. Revolutionary Convention. 

Cf. Veech, Monongahela of Old. pp. 252-253. 

Abst. Began at northwest corner of Maryland and ran to the mouth of 
Plum Creek on the Allegheny. Rejected by Pa., Sept., 1776. 

Rejection of Virginia's proposal for a temporary western bound- 
ary line to commence at the northwest corner of Maryland by 
Pennsylvania Convention. 

Cf. Veech, Monongahela of Old, p. 253. 

Resolution making proposition for the settlement of the bound- 
ary dispute. Virginia State Legislature. 

Pub. Hening's Stat. Va., v. x, p. 520. 

Va. Rev. Code, 1819, ch. 16, p. 51. 

Cf. History of Allegheny Co., p. 72. 

Abst. For a serpentine west boundary. Parallel to bends of Delaware 
river. 

New map of the Western part of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land and North Carolina. By Thos. Hutchins, engraved by T. 
Cheevers, Lond. 1778. 1 in.=20 miles. 43 x 35 inches. Ac- 
companying his "Topographical description of Virginia" etc. 
U. S. Dept. of State copy in Lib. Congress. 

Text on margin "N. B. The southern line of Pennsylvania beyond the 
western extent of Maryland is laid down only as a temporary line, the 
claims of Virginia and Pennsylvania about their respective boundaries 
. . . not being settled. 

Note. The continuation of Mason and Dixon's line from Dunkard Creek 
to the Ohio River is marked differently from the main line which de- 
flects somewhat from a parallel of latitude. There is no west boundary 
for Pa. "Lord Fairfax line" as on Fry and .Jefferson. Dunn's North 
America 1776, also shows the continuation to the Ohio and Faden's of 
1777 stops the line at the Monongahela river. Hinton's "New and 
accurate map of Pa., 1780, Lenox Lib. Emmet MSS. No. 6046, a grotesque 
compilation of these lines showing the "Boundary line of Phila. run in 
1730." Hutchins was afterwards "Geographer General" of the U. S. 
and a surveyor of the western boundary. 

Resolution. Va. House of Delegates. 

Pub. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 520. 

Abst. Governor to inform Pa. commiss. that the Assembly will nominate 

commissioners for adjusting the boundary. 
Note. Agreed to by Senate May 21. 

June 4. Resolution. Va. House of Delegates. 

Pub. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 520. 

Abst. Three commissioners should be appointed and proceedings passed 
upon by the Assembly. 

Note. Agreed to by the Senate. 

Aug. 27. Proceedings. Va. and Pa. Commissioners at Baltimore. 

Pub. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 521. 

Abst. Credentials shown Pa. commissioners. Claims to be stated in 
writing [see letter I next entry]. 

Note. James Madison, Robt. Andrews and Thos. Lewis (latter absent) 
for Va. Geo. Brya-n, John Ewing and l>, Bittenbouse for Pa, 



1779. 
May 20. 



360 SOURCE MATERIAL, 

1779. 

Aug. 28. Letter. Pennsylvania Commissioners to Virginia Commissioners 
Letter L 

Pub. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, pp. 521-524. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 2S2-284. 

Abst. Recite tiieir cliarter to show basis of their claims to 39° and pro- 
pose "that a meridian be drawn from the head spring of the north branch 
of Potowmacl^ to the beginning of the fortieth degree of north latitude, 
and from thence that a parallel of latitude be drawn to the western 
extremity of the state of Pennsylvania." 

Aug. 30. Letter. Virginia Commissioners to Pennsylvania Commissioners. 
Letter II. 

Pdb. Hening's Statutes of "Virginia, v. x, pp. 524-528. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1S87, pp. 285-288. 

Abst. Argue that their charter of May 23, 1609, would include all west 
of a northwesterly line crossing the Delaware above New Castle. Pro- 
pose continuing Mason and Dixon line. 

Aug. 30. Letter. Pennsylvania Commissioners to Virginia Commissioners. 
Letter III. 

PoB. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 529-530. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 288-289. 

Abst. Accept proposal to extend Mason and Dixon line provided a 
meridian be drawn far enough west to give an equivalent area of land 
to that lost on the south. 

Aug. 30. Letter. Virginia Commissioners to Pennsylvania Commissioners. 
Letter IV. 

Pdb. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 530. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 289. 

Abst. Proposes line "due west from that point where the meridian of the 
first fountain of the north branch of Patowmacls meets the end of the 
thirtieth minute of thirtj^ninth degree of northern latitude, five degrees 
of longitude to be computed from that part of the river Delaware which 
lies in the same parallel." 

Aug. 31. Letter. Virginia Commissioners to Pennsylvania Commissioners. 
Letter V. 

Pdb. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 531. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 290. 

Abst. Accept proposal provided a "meridian line drawn northward from 
the western extremity thereof [the western line], as far as Virginia 
extends, (to) be the western boundary of Pennsylvania." 

Aug. 31. Letter. Virginia Commissioners to Pennsylvania Commissioners. 
Letter VI. 

Pdb. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 532. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 290. 

Abst. Propose to extend Mason and Dixon line due west five degrees of 
longitude, computed from Delaware and erect meridian from that point. 
(Present boundary.) 

Aug. 31. Letter. Pennsylvania Commissioners to Virginia Commissioners. 
Letter VIL 

Pdb. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 532. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 290-291. 
Abst. Accept last proposal. 



BESUBVET OF ilASOX-DIXOX T.TSK 361 

1779. 
Aug. 31. Journal of the Proceedings of the Commissioners to agree upon 
certain boundaries for the state of Pennsylvania. Baltimore, 
August 27-31, 1779. 

PcB. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, t. x, pp. 521-533. 
Pa- CoL Bee. v. xii. Dp. 16, 703-705. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2. t. 9-10. 

Pa. Bept. Sec. Int. Aff. '-^Bonndaries." 1SS7, op. 2S2-291. 
Olden Time, v. 1, p. 451 (Oct, 1846). 

Abst. The best account of this conference. It shows how each side asked 
for a masjmnm and then by reciprocal concessions reached the lines as 
thev now are. The agreement was ratified bv Virginia Jnne 23. bv 
PennsylTania Sept 23, 1780. 

Aug. 31. Agreement of Commissioners for Southern and TVestem Boundary 
of Pennsylvania. 

Pub. Henings Statutes of Virginia, t. s. pp. 521-533. 

Pa. Bept Sec Int AS., "Boundaries," 1887, p. 291. 

Abst. Agreement under which Mason and Dixon line was extended and 
present boundaries of PennsylTania determined 

Aug. 31. Letter. Vice Pres. Geo. Bryan of Pa. to Pres. Joseph Reed. 
Pub. Olden Time, t. 1, p. 451 (Oct., 1846) footnote. 

Aug. (?) 'TDraught" of the southern part of Pennsylvania and northern 
part of Maryland and Virginia, with notes by the draughtsmen. 
Rev. John E wing and Alex. Stuart. 

PcB. Olden Time. v. 2, pp. 284-285. Notes printed. 

Nov. 19. Ratification by Pennsylvania Assembly of boundary line with 
Virginia. 

PcB. Hening's Statutes of Virginia, v. x, p. 5-34. 

Abst. Bq)eats agreement of the Commissioners of Aug. 31, 1779. 

Dec. 27. Act. Continental Congress. 27 December 1779 relative to the 
boundary line between Pennsylvania and Virginia, and recom- 
mendations to the contending states. 

Pub. Penton, Hist Augusta Co. [Va.]. p. 126. 

Cf. Barton, Memoirs of David Bittenhouse, p. 284. 
1780. 
June 23. Resolution. Virginia (General Assembly. House of Delegates. 
Ratifying the agreement of August 31, 1779, between the Vir- 
ginia and Pennsylvania Commonwealths. 

Pub. Va. House of Delegates. Journal. May, 1780. pp. 60-61. 
Calendar of Virginia State Papers, v. 1. p. 363. 
Pa- Arch„ ser. 2. t. 8. po. 352-353. 

Pa. B^t Sec Int. Aff. •"Bonndari^." ISST. pp. 292-293. 
Henii^'s Statutes of Virginia, v. x, pp. 535-536. 
Of. Hist AUe^eny Co., p. 73. 

Abst. Authorizes the goTemor to appoint two commissioners for extending 
the Mason and Dtxcsi line. 

Sept. 23. Resolutions. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Ratifying the 
conditions annexed by the legislature of Virginia to the ratifi- 
cation of the boundary line as to allegiance and property rights. 

Pub. Pa. House of Eep.. Journal. 1780, p. 519. 
Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 8. p. 570. 

Pa. Bept Sec.lnt AS. '-Bonndaries." 1SS7. pp. 293-294. 
Calendar of Vii^inia State Papers, t. 1. p. 375. 

Cf. Hist Allegheny Co.. p. 73 ; Veech, Monongahela, p. 255 ; Smith, 
Laws Pa, t. 2, p. 261. 



362 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1781. 
Feb. 21. Resolution. Pennsylvania Council. Appointing John Lukens and 
Archibald McClean commissioners to extend Mason and Dixon 
line. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 12, £. 633. 

Pa. Kept. Sec. Int. AfE. "Boundaries." 1887, pp. 294-295. 
Calendar of Va. State Papers, v. 1, p. 531. 

Abst. Appoints May 10 for first meeting and in case of inability of either 
to perform their duty Alexander McClean is to take their place. 

Feb. 26. Letter. President Joseph Reed to Governor Thomas Jefferson. 

Pub. Calendar Va. State Papers, v. 1, p. 542. 
Cf. April 17, 1781, letter of Jefferson. 

Abst. Incloses notice of appointment of commissioners. Asks to be 
informed of action of Virginia Legislature. 

April 4. Letter. Robert Andrews to Governor Thomas Jefferson. 

Pub. Calendar Virginia State Papers, v. 2, p. 11. 

Abst. Approves method proposed and says he will be at the Philadelphia 
meeting. 

Note. Andrews was professor and Madison president of William and 
Mary College when appointed commissioners for Va. 

April 17. Letter. Governor Thomas Jefferson to President Joseph Reed. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 78. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. AfE. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 295. 

Abst. Proposes astronomical determination of 5° of longitude and 
announces appointment of Messrs. James Madison and Robert Andrews 
commissioners for Virginia. 

Note. Jefferson's plan was the one finally adopted in 1784. 

April 20. Order. Pennsylvania Council. Providing escort, munitions and 
supplies for commissioners and their attendants. 

Pub. Pa. Col. Records, v. 12, p. 699. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 298. 

Abst. Provides for escort of 40 men, making a total field party of over 50. 

April 23. Instructions to John Lukens and Archibald McClean, Esqrs. 
Commissioners appointed on the part of Pennsylvania. 

Plb. Pa. Colonial Rec, v. 12, pp. 703-705. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. AflC. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 297-298. 

Abst. Gives orders for running and marking a line in accordance with 
the agreement of Aug. 31, 1779. 

April 23. Order. Pennsylvania Council on treasurer for £400 to pay 
expenses for running boundary line. 

Pub. Pa. Colonial Records, v. 12, pp. 703-705. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 297. 

Abst. The instructions accompanying order define the line as cut 15 feet 
wide and all large trees suitably marked. 

May 14. Letter. President Joseph Reed to Governor Thomas Jefferson. 

Ms. Orig. Va. State Archives, Richmond. Cf. Crelgh, apr., p. 30. 
Pub. Calendar Va. State Papers, v. 2, p. 95. 

Creigh, Hist. Wash. Co. [Pa.], apx., p. 30. 

Abst. Agrees to astronomical determination but suggests that a temporary 
line bo run by common surveyors and that trees be marked to quiet the 
people ^nd to (Jeterwine Jijrisdjction &nd military service. 



EESTJKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 363 

1781. 

May 22. Letter. Governor Thomas Jefferson to President Joseph Reed. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 160. 

Pa. Kept. Sec. lat. AfF. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 298. 
Abst. Believes delay is necessary on account of expected attack by the 
British which threatens the families of the commissioners. 

June 3. Letter. Governor Thomas Jefferson to President Joseph Reed. 

Ms. Orig. Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS. No. 14573. 
Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9. p. 189. 

Pa. Kept. Sec. Int. AfE. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 299. 
Abst. Concurs in postponement of boundary determination until May 1, 
1782, and agrees to the running of a temporary line. 

July Letter. President Joseph Reed to Hon. C. Hays. 

Pdb. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 301. 

Pa. Kept. Sec. Int. Afif. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 299. 
Abst. Tells of postponement of final survey, agreement for temporary line, 
and appointment of Alexander McClean as surveyor. 

July Letter. President Joseph Reed to Col. James Marshall. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9. p. 304. 

Pa. Kept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 299. 
Abst. Orders guard for surveyors running the temporary line. 

Letter. President Joseph Reed to Thomas Scott. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9. p. 374. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Afif. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 300. 
Abst. Explains the running of temporary line and postponement of perma- 
nent determination. 

Sept. 13. Letter. Alexander McClean to President Joseph Reed. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 402. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. ' "Boundaries," 1887, p. 301. 
Abst. Relates happenings since his appointment including delayed presence 
of Madison and opposition of inhabitants to the running of the line. 

Letter. Thomas Scott to President Joseph Reed. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 439. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 302. 
Abst. Says delay in running the boundary line is due to Mr. Madison who 
has sent to Virginia asking that the line be not run. 

Oct. 8. Resolutions. Pennsylvania Council. Appointing Rev. Dr. John 
Swing and David Rittdnhouse commissioners for running the 
boundary line. 

Pub. Pa. Colonial Records, v. 13, p. 79. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. AfE. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 302. 

Nov. 6. Letter. Lieut. Joseph Marshall to President Joseph Reed. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9. p. 444. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Afif. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 304. 
Abst. Has had trouble with Indians necessitating a raising of a new guard 

for the surveyors which has been difficult on account of unsettled 

boundaries. 

Dec. 17. Letter. President Moore to Gen. William Irvine. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 468. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 304. 

ABST. Regards it unnecessary to push the temporary line as propositions 
are making for running in the spring a permanent line based on astro- 
nomical observations. 

Note. This plan failed on account of absence of Va. commissioners. 



364 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1782. 
Feb. 11. Resolution. Pennsylvania Council. Appointing Owen Biddle one 
of the commissioners for running the boundary line of Virginia. 

Pub. Pa. Colonial Records, v. 13, p. 92 or 192. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 305. 

Feb. 22. Resolution., Pennsylvania Council. Appointing James Patterson 
one of the commissioners for running the boundary line of Vir- 
ginia, 

Pub. Pa. Col. Rec, v. 13, p. 205. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. AfE. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 305. 

Mar. 1. Minute of meeting. Pennsylvania Council. 

Pub. Pa. Colonial Records, v. 13, p. 209. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 306. 
Abst. Council decided not to run the line by astronomical observation on 

account of protest by General Assembly because of great expense involved 

while funds were required to meet the enemy. 

Mar. 2. Minutes of Meeting. Pennsylvania General Assembly. 

Pub. Pa. Assembly Minutes, 1781-84, p. 854. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 306. 
Abst. Assembly confirm the agreement between their committee and the 
Council to defer running a permanent boundary until close of the war. 

Mar. 9. Letter. Robert Andrews to Governor Harrison. 
Pub. Calendar of Virginia State Papers, v. 3, p. 89. 

Mar. 22. Letter. Governor Benjamin Harrison to President Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9^ p. 518. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887. p. 307. 

Abst. Agrees to the running of the temporary line to begin from end of 
Mason and Dixon line. 

Mar. 22. Resolution. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Confirming the line, 

run by Messrs. Nevell and McClean as the boundary until the 
final settlement thereof can be obtained. 

PoB. Pa. Assembly Minutes, 1781-84, p. 880. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 315. 
Abst. This also calls for the communicating of this document to Virginia 
and the issuance of a proclamation. 

Mar. 24. Letter. Thomas Jefferson to [unknown] Draft Q. 2 pp. 

Ms. U. S. State Dept. Jefferson MSS. ser. i, v. i. No. 99. 
Abst. Describes sentiment of people along Ohio regarding territorial rights 
of Virginia. 

Mar. 26. Proclamation. Pennsylvania.. President and Council. Announc- 
ing the settlement and running of the Meridian and Mason and 
Dixon extension boundary line and calling upon the inhabitants 
falling within the state of Pennsylvania to pay obedience to the 
laws of the Commonwealth. 

Pub. Pa. Colonial Records^ v. 13, p. 541. 

Pa Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887. p. 316. 

April 8. Minute of meeting. Pennsylvania Council. 

Pub. I'a. Oolonial Records, v. 13, p. 253. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 307. 
Abst. Orders the treasurer to pay Alexander McClean for services and 
orders assignment of guard for commissioners. 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



365 



1782. 

A.pril 26. Letter. Governor Benjamin Harrison to President Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 53b. 

Pa. Kept: Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 308. 
Abst. Confuses temporary line of surveyors with "temporary Iine"_ of 
1739 and urges that line run must be from end of Mason and Dixon line. 

May 22. Letter. Governor Benjamin Harrison to General William Irvine, 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 585. 

Pa. Kept, Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 313. 
Abst. Kotifles of change of date to July^ 10 for meeting of commissioners. 

May 24. Letter. Governor Benjamin Harrison to President Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 549. 

Pa. Rept: Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 308. 
Abst. Expresses dissatisfaction with ex parte line run by Pennsylvania 
and states that matter is now before the Virginia Assembly. 

June 1. Resolution. Virginia House of Delegates. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 562. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887. p. 309. 
Abst. Resolution empowering Governor to appoint surveyor and furnish 

guard for extension of Mason and Dixon line and running of meridian 

line to Ohio River. 

June 27. Letter. Alexander McClean to President Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser.. 2, v. 9, p. 564. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 309. 

Abst. Explains failure to run line due to lack of guard, absence of Vir- 
ginia commissioner and opposition of inhabitaijts, who fear that they will 
have to pay taxes on supply bill, etc. "It will be impossible to proceed 
without open war." 

June 29. Letter. Governor Benjamin Harrison to President Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 562. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 311. 
Abst. Confirms letter of June 8 transmitting resolution of Virginia 
Assembly regarding the running of a temporary line. 

July 5. Letter. General William Irvine to President Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 575. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 312. 
Abst. Announces non-appearance of Virginia commissioners and refuses 
to interfere in a matter between the two states. 

July 16. Letter. Alexander McClean to President Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 585. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 313. 
Abst. Incloses letter from Governor Harrison to General Irvine and says 
he is determined to proceed at all hazards. 



July 18. 



Aug. 1. 



Minute of meeting. 
Pub. 



Pennsylvania Council. 



Pa. Colonial Records, v. 13. p. 334. 
Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 313. 
Abst. Resolved that the 4th of November next be the time appointed for 
running the line and that a guard of 100 militia attend the commis- 
sioners while on duty. 

Letter. Governor Benjamin Harrison to President William Moore. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 607. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 314. 

Abst. Announces appointment of Col. Joseph Nevill as surveyor and 
ordering of guard of 100 militia. If the latter is not sufficient to over- 
come opposition will send more. 



366 SOURCE MATERIAL ^ 

1782. 

Aug. 31. Letter. Col. Joseph Nevill to Governor Benjamin Harrison. 

POB. Calendar Va. State Papers, v. 3. p. 283. 

Abst. Accepts appointment as surveyor and reports ordering 150 militia. 

Sept. 10. Minute of Meeting. Pennsylvania Commissioners. 

Pub. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 9, p. 566. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 311. 
AissT. Consider protest of Virginia inliabitants to running of the line. 

Nor. 28. Report. Joint Commissioners. 

Pub. Calendar Va. State Papers, v. 3, p. 380. 

Abst. Report extension of Mason and Dixon line 23 miles and running of 
meridian line to Ohio River. 
1783. 
Feb. 19. Minute of Meeting. Pennsylvania Council. 

Pub. Pa. Colonial Records, v. 13, p. 510. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 314. 
Abst. Order laying on the table letter of Alexander McClean inclosing 
report of proceedings of joint commission. 

Feb. 28. Draft of Message. Pennsylvania Council to General Assembly 
transmitting report of Boundary Line Commissioners. 

Pub. Pa. Colonial Records, v. 13, p. 518. 

Pa. Rept. Sec. Int. Aff. "Boundai-ies," 1887, p. 314. 

Mar. 19. Letter. Col. Joseph Nevill to Governor Benjamin Harrison. 

Pub. Calendar Va. State Papers, v. 3, p. 549. 

Abst. Incloses expense account and states that Pennsylvania furnished 16 
and Virginia 82 men for a guard. 

Aug. 28. Resolution. Pennsylvania Assembly. 

Abst. Appointing Commiss. to determine the iboundary line with direc- 
tions to provide the necessary astronomical apparatus. 
Note. Order of the Council vsras passed Sept. 11. 
1784. 
April 1. An Act confirming an agreement entered into between this State 
and the state of Virginia. Pennsylvania General Assembly. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Law Book No. 11, p. 332. 

Tub. Smith, Laws, v. 2, pp. 261-262. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aft". "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 326-7. 
Note. Accepts boundaries as marked. 

June 8. Letter. Governor Benjamin Harrison to President Moore. 
Cf. letter of June 29. 

Nov. 18. Joint report of the Commissioners on the boundary line between 
Virginia and Pennsylvania. 

Pdb. Peyton, Hist. Augusta Co., Va., pp. 132-133. 
Creigh, Hist. Wash. Co., Pa., apx., pp. 31-32. 

Abst. Continuing Mason and Dixon boundary to its termination, cutting 
vistas and marking it permanently. Signed in Washington Co., Pa., by 
Robt. Andrews, John Ewing, Andrew EUicott, David Rittenhouse and 
Thos. Hutchins. 

Dec. 23. Report of Pennsylvania Commissioners to Executive Council of 
Pennsylvania. 

Pub. Peyton, Hist. Augusta Co., Va., pp. 133-136. 
Creigh, Hist. Wash. Co., Pa., apx., pp. 32-34. 
Abst. Proceedings in full in running permanent extension of Mason and 

Dixon's line. Signed by John Ewing, Jolin Lukens, David Rittenhouse 

and Thomas Hutchins. 



KESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 367 



SOUTHWEST CORNER OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Note. The observations of occultation of Jupiter's satellites by 
Commissioners Rittenhouse, Loure, Page and Andrews at Wil- 
mington, Del., and by Elliott, Ewing and Madison at the western 
end of tbe extension of the Mason and Dixon line, were pri- 
marily undertaken to determine by the test methods then 
known the exact end of the line. The records of this survey 
are not included because of lack of space and because this work 
was the beginning of the meridian western boundary of Pa. 

1785. 
Aug. 23. Report of Commissioners of the Pennsylvania-Virginia boundary. 

Pub. Olden Time, v. 1, p. 4.54 (extract). 

Also text, in part, in Lambing and Wliite, Allegheny Co., p. 50 (ex- 
tract). 

1792. Map. Lawce Brenyel, Jr. Jan 7, 179 [2 ?] 

[Northwestern boundaries of Maryland]. 

Ms. Copt. 1 in.=:3 mi. Rivers, roads and boundaries in colors, 35%x20% 

in. In U. S. Chief of Engineers OflSce. 
Ms. Rb-Copy. By B. B. Lebenon of Pa. Dept. Int. Aff., May, 1882, in Pa. 

Hist. Soc, No. Of 835. 

Note. Shows Pa. line from Wills Creek (above Ft. Cumberland) to N. W. 
corner Md. and the west line of Md. thence to Fairfax stone. 

"TANGENT POINT" RESURVEY BY GRAHAM. 

1846. 
Feb. 11. Maryland General Assembly. Preamble and resolutions relating 
to the boundary line between this State and Pennsylvania, 
passed February 11, 1846. 

Pub. Laws of Md., Dec. Sess., 1845. Res. No. 18. 
1847. 
Feb. 10. Resolution. Delaware Legislature. Authorizing appointment of 
a commissioner to mark boundary. 

Ms. Copt. By Lt. Col. J. D. Graham. In U. S. Chief Engr. Office. 
1849. 
April 10. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Supplement to an Act entitled 
"An Act Relative to the Organization of Courts of Justice," 
passed the 14th day of April, A. D., 1834. Passed April 10, 1849. 

Pat. Laws of Pennsylvania, 1849, p. 623. Sec. 14. 

Abst. Appointment of Commissioner to survey and determine the point of 
intersection of the States of Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland and 
to fix some stable mark or monument whereby the said point may here- 
after be indicated. 

Aug. 24. Commission. Governor Thomas of Maryland to H. G. S. Key. 

Abst. Appointing him as commissioner to ascertain and refix, with com- 
missioners of Delaware and Pennsylvania, certain boundaries where the 
three States join each other. 

Oct. 22. Letter. Gov. Thomas to Sec'y of War. 

Ms. Oeig. 3 pp. U. S. Chief of Engr. Office. 

Abst. Commissioners for ascertaining the beginning of boundary of the 
Mason and Dixon line at a meeting Wilmington Nov. would like the 
detail of Col. Hughs or some other officer of the corps of engineers. 



368 SOURCE MATERIAL 

1849. 
Oct. 23. Letter. Secretary of War Crawford to Governor Thomas. 

Ms. Copy. 1 p. U. S. Chief of Engr. Office. 

Abst. Has delegated Lieut. Col. Graham, Corps of Topographic Engineers 
to report at Newcastle on Nov. 5 to assist the boundary line com- 
missioners. 

Oct. 24. Letter. Col. J. J. Abert, U. S. Topog. Engineers, to Lt. Col. J. D. 
Graham. 1 p. 

Ms. Orig. U. S. Chief of Engr's Office. 
Ms. Copy. In same office. 

Abst. Detailing him on boundary survey and granting use of Bureau's 
instruments. Expense to be met by the states. 

Oct. 24. Letter. Col. J. J. Abert, TJ. S. Topog. Engineers, to Gov. Thomas. 

Ms. Copt. U. S. Chief of Engr's Office. 1 p. 

Enclosed in letter of Col. Abert to Col. Graham, Oct. 29, 1849. 

Abst. Detailing Lt. Col. Graham whose first duty will be to inspect the 
notes of Mason and Dixon at Annapolis. 

Oct. 30. Record Report, Notes and Memoranda relating to boundary of 
Three States by J. D. G.[raham] 

Ms. Okig. U. S. Chief Engr's Office. 

Abst. Journal of this Survey Oct. 30, 1849. Unfinished mem. of early 
history made at Annapolis, March 11, 1850. Approximate computation 
for the angle between radius and tangent line, Feb. 2, 1850. Computa- 
tions for length of radius of Newcastle. Offsets computed between 
Tangent stone and "Intersection stone." Extracts from proceedings of 
commiss. of boundary surveys 1732-1768 loaned by Md. 

Nov. 12. Letter. Joint Commissioners to Lt. Colonel J. D. Graham. 

PUE. Pa. Sen. Jour., v. 2, p. 478. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, p. 334. 

Abst. Announces readiness to proceed and outlines extent of work pro- 
posed. 

Nov. 15. Letter. J. D. Graham to Joint Commissioners. 

Pub. Pa. Sen. Jour., 1850, v. 2, p. 479. •" 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 334-336. 

AiiST. Outlines plan of method proposed. 

Nov. 15. Letter. Joint Commissioners to Lt. Colonel J. D. Graham. 

Pub. Pa. Sen. Jour., 1850. v. 2, p. 475. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 336-337. 

Abst. Agrees with the plan outlined by Colonel Graham. 
1850. 
Jan. 21. Lettei*. C. Radziminski to Lt. Col. Graham. 2 p. 

Ms. U. S. Chief Engr's Office. 

Abst. Will complete erection of signals and triangulation in 5 days. An 
early meeting in Washington suggested to close up the work. 

Feb. 1. Record. J. D. Graham. Angles observed at Iron Hill. 1 book. 
Ms. Orig. U. S. Chief of Engineers Office. 

Feb. 6. Surveying notes of Mason and Dixon's line between Pa. Del. and 
Md. [16 Nov. 1849 to Feb. 1850 ?] C. Radziminshi. Unpaged. 

Ms. Orig. U. S. Chief of Engr's Office. 



KESUKVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 369 

1850. 

Feb. 9. Journal of Survey. J. D. Graham. 1 ms. 27 sh. 

Ms. Okig. U. S. Chief Engr. Off. 

Abst. "Journal of survey dated December 29, 1849, to February 9, 1850, 

containing miscellaneous notes concerning tne boundary." 
Note. The memoranda include : — - 

1. Col. Graham's report to the Commissioners. 2 copies MSS. 
as printed in the 1850 edit., pp. 18-87. 

2. Notes on the surveys of the boundary lines between Mary- 
land, Delaware and Pennsylvania from 1732-1763. 84 pp. 

3. "Mema. in relation to our own work," Nov. 9, 1849, to 
Dec, 1849. 

4. Various extracts from state resolutions, Mason and Dixon 
Journal, etc., referring to this work. 

Feb. 12. Act No. 62. Pennsylvania General Assembly. To provide for the 
expenses of the Commissioners to determine and fix the boun- 
dary lines of the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Dela- 
ware. Passed February 12, 1850. 

Laws of Pennsylvania, 1850, p. 61. 

Feb. 27. Report. J. D. Graham to the Joint Commissioners of the States of 
Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland in relation to the junction 
or intersection of the boundary lines of those States. 171 p. 
foolscap. Signed Colonel Graham. Bound in ledger form. Filed 
March 25, 1850. A. L. Russell, Sec. Commonwealth. 

Ms. Oeig. Pa. Secy. State, v. E, No. 20. 
Del. Secy. State. 
Md. 
Ms. Copx. U. S. Chief Engrs. Off.. 2 copies. 

Pa. Hist. Soc. Md. & Del. Surveys MSS. 
Ptjb. Pa. Sen. Jour., 1850, v. 2, p. 475. 

Pa. Kept. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 339-375. 
Note. Map 7% xlO% ; on scale of 1 in. ^ 10 miles. Orig. copper plate(?) 
in U. S. Chief Engineer's Office. In Graham's Report. Which see. 

Feb. 27. Map showing a portion of the boundaries of Maryland, Pennsyl- 
vania and Delaware as surveyed in 1849-1850 under the direc- 
tion of Lieutenant Colonel J. D. Graham, U. S. Topographical 
Engineers, at the request of H. G. S. Key, Joshua P. Byre and 
George Read Riddle, Commissioners of the respective States. 1 
in.=4 mi. 20% in. x35% in. Bound at edge with green silli. 
Diiawn under direction of Lt. Colonel J. D. Graham by C. 
Radziminshi, C. E. 

Certified copies differing slightly filed with Md. Land Office ; Del. Secy. 
State, Pa. Secy. Int. Aff. 

Note. Begins at 79th stone monument from the Maryland-Delaware corner 
going north, set in 1766. Shows the "segment of circle as marked by 
Mason and Dixon" and the "dae north line" to north east corner of 
Maryland, where a "stone monument [was] erected in 1849 in place of 
lost monument erected in 1768 (near Lewis Martin's barn, on the road 
from Newark to New London)" and as far as stone 32 erected in 1766 
on western parallel of latitude (near road from Elkton to New London). 

Also shows lines of triangulation ; radius of 12 miles from "centre of 
Newcastle Court House ;" magnetic meridian distances from N. E. cor- 
ner of Md. to the circular boundary at several angles. 

Feb. 27. Map [Reduced from the above original mss]. Drawn under the 
direction of Lt. Col. J. D. Graham by Chas. Delisle, C. E. Scale 
of 1% in. to 21 mi. or 1:42,240. 131/2 x 71/2 in. 

Ms. With Graham's auto sig. U. S. Chief Engr's Office. 
Cf. Lenox Lib., Emmet MSS, No. 14461. 

1. Copper plate original "belonging to the State of Maryland to be 
returned if called for before Col. Graham's final report is made" 
ms. note on wrapper. 



370 SOUKCE MATERIAL 

1850. 

2. Wood block essay of the above with Incomplete outline probably 
abandoned in favor of copper plate. 

3. Tracing on tissue for above wood block. 
U. S. Coi-ps of Engineers Office. 

Mar. 1. Joint report of the Commissioners to Governors of Maryland, Penn- 
sylvania and Delaware. 

P0B. Pa. Sen. Jour., 1850, v. 2, pp. 477-478. 

Pa. Rept: Secy. Int. AfC. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 331-333. 

Abst. Gives short account of the work done by them. 

Mar. 7. Message. Governor of Maryland to the State General Assembly, 
dated "State Department, Annapolis, Md., March 7, 1850." 
Transmitting report of Commissioners and of Lt. Col. Graham, 
including map of boundaries by Colonel Graham. 87 p. O. 1850. 
Washington, Gideon & Co. 

Rpr. in Lt. Colonel Graham's rept., n. 1. 

Cf. No. 45088 in Sabin, Dictionary of Books Relating to America. 

Note. Sabin states in a note that "the cover title to this difEers slightly." 
He has overlooked the fact that this message was printed by two states, 
each Governor having referred the report to his respective General 
Assembly. The report was also reprinted at Chicago in 1859 and again 
in 1862. 

Mar. 8, Letter. Joseph P. Eyre to William F. Johnston, Governor of Penn- 
sylvania. 

POB. Pa. Sen. Jour., 1880, v. 2, pp. 475-476. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Afif. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 330-331. 

Abst. Transmitting Joint Report of Commissioners, correspondence and 
report and map of Colonel Graham. 

Mar. 9. Resolution No. 94. Maryland General Assembly. 

Abst. Placing in the temporary custody of Lt. Colonel Graham "the 
manuscript proceedings of the commissioners and surveyors including 
those of Mason and Dixon [together with] said articles of agreement" 
[between Charles, Lord Baltimore and John, Thomas and Richard Penn]. 

Mar. 11. Memorandum by Sec'y of State Watkins. Documents of Md. 
placed by Gov. Thomas in the temporary custody of Col. J. D. 
Graham. 

Ms. Orig. U. S. Chief Engr's Office. 

Abst. Includes instructions, reports, records, etc., of surveyors and com- 
missioners of 1760-68, and some previous historical documents all re- 
ceipted for by Col. Graham. 

Mar. 13. Message of the Governor of Pennsylvania transmitting reports of 
the Joint Commissioners and of Colonel Graham, U. S. Engi- 
neers, in relation to the boundary lines between the States of 
Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland. 36 pp. O. Harrisburg, 
1850. 

Pub. Pa. Sen. Jour., 1850, v. 2, p. 475. 

Pa. Rept. Secy. Int. Aff. "Boundaries," 1887, pp. 329-330. 

1852. Messages from the Governors of Pennsylvania and Maryland, 
transmitting the reports of the Joint Commissioners, and of Lt. 
Colonel Graham, U. S. Engineers, in relation to the intersection 
of the boundary lines of the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania 
and Delaware, being a portion of the Mason and Dixon line 
Map. 95 pp. O. Chicago, Fulton & Co., 1859. 
—Ed. 2., Chicago, 1862. 



EESUEVEY OF MASOIST-DIXOISr LIIIE 371 



OTHER RESURVEYS. 

Extended lists of the Records of documents relating to the Re- 
survey of the "Extension" or western end of the Mason and 
Dixon line between Pennsylvania and West Virginia made by 
Sinclair in 1883, and of the Circular Boundary between Penn- 
sylvania and Delaware made by Hodgkins in 1892 have been 
omitted on account of lack of space and their less immediate 
connection with the limits of the present Resurvey and the 
historical discussion of the controversy. Information regarding 
the Sinclair Resurvey may be found in the Rept. Secy. Internal 
Affairs of Pa., "Boundaries," pp. 379-429, Harrisburg, 1887, and 
in the Archives of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. The 
record of Hodgkins survey of the Circular Boundary may be 
found in the Rept. U. S. Coast and Geodetic survey for 1893 
Apx. 8., pp. 177-222, Washington, 1894, and Rept. Secy. Internal 
Affairs of Pa., 1893, Off. Doc. No. 7, pp. A134-A152. 



372 MAPS 



MAPS. 

Significant maps issued during the period of the grants, agree- 
ments, surveys, etc., have been treated as source material and 
described under the appropriate year. 

There are other more general but illuminating maps on the bound- 
aries, secondary in character, hovi^ever, that can only be referred to 
here. For full description see Mathews, Maps and Mapmakers of 
Maryland ; Phillips , Maps of America. ■ 

COLLECTIONS. 

Volumes of reproduced maps accompany the Report on the Boundaries of 
the Commonwealth by the Pa. Secy, of Int. Affairs. 1887; Apx. Vols 1-10, 
Ser. 3, Pa.- Archives, and the Rept. of the Commiss. Md.-Va. Boundary, 
Richmond, 1873, the latter copied from originals in England by Hon. 
D. C. De Jarnett in 1871. 



A compiled map illustrating Pennsylvania's boundary disputes appearing in 
Bates: Our country, p. 50, 1899, was rep. in Ferree's Pa., p. 118, Pa. Soc. 
of N. Y., Yearbook 1904. See also Fisher's Making of Pa., frontispiece, 
and Shaefer's Historical Map of Pa. (Pa. Hist. Soc. Fund Pub. 1, 1875) 
which shows all boundary lines. Johnston's Hist, of Cecil Co., Md., con- 
tains a compiled map by G. M. Reese of the upper peninsula, which shows 
all the boundaries especially the earliest essays by the proprietors, and 
also those of later surveys. 

GRANTS AND EARLY LINES. 

Among general maps of the grants are: Hart's Epoch maps illustrating 
Amer. history, Nos. 3 and 5, of the English colonies; also a map of the 
early colonial grants, 1620-1681, in Dodd, Mead and Co.'s U. S. History; 
and maps of English grants (1660) and Duke of York grants (1664) in 
MacComas Historical geography of the U. S., Boston, 1890. 

A map of "The Palatinate of Maryland" in Fiske's Old Virginia, p. 274, and 
the frontispiece to Browne's Maryland compare the original charter 
boundaries with the present bounds of Md. 

The earliest delimitation of Delaware from Maryland is illustrated by Keen's 
map of New Sweden, 163S-1655 (in Pa. Socy. of N. Y., Yearbook 1904, 
p. 48), showing the line to be drawn by Printz 5 miles below Cape 
Cornelius. 

Cf. under Source material maps on which the charter makers based the 

boundaries of Maryland and Pennsylvania. For Maryland: 160S, Smiths 
Virginia; 1621, Jacobson, N. America; 1630, Laet, Nova Anglia; 1635, 



RESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 373 

Cecil, Noua Terrae (Lord Baltimore's map); lb73/4, Herrman, Virginia 
and Maryland. For Pennsylvania: 1650, aouth river; 1655, Visscher, 
Novi Belgii (and the 1667 Ogilby ed.) ; 1667, Blaau, Nova Belgica; 1671, 
Ogilby's new ed. of Noua Terrae; 1674, Herrman's Va. and Md.; 1681, 
Holme's Pa. 

FIRST DECREE AND AGREEMENT. 

Graham compiled the boundaries in map form preparatory to his own re- 
survey of the Tangent Point. (Cf. his Rept. 27 Feb., 1850, Ed. 2, Chicago, 
1862). This shows in detail, scale 1 in. = 10 mi., the Delaware boun- 
daries, the various experimental lines and the beginning of the North 
boundary of Md. as defined by the agreement of 1732, the Hardwicke 
decision of 1750, and the agreement of 1760. 

Cf. also these maps under "Source Material." For first decree: 1690, Morden, 
English Empire on which the 1685 court decree is laid down; 1695, 
Thornton's Virginia; 1701, circle around Newcastle; and 1732, Holme's 
Pa. for the same. The Senex series: 1710, N. America; his 1732, First 
agreement map; and its 1736 editions, and also 1737, Eastburn's Dela- 
ware counties. For temporary line: 1738, agreement map; 1738, Fabian 
Marsh; 1740, Line to Conegochege; 1740, Eastburn's official map of the 
Survey; 1749, Evans, Pa. 

FINAL DECREE AND AGREEMENT. 

The frontispiece to Veech, Mason and Dixon line, 1857, gives a compilation 
of the Delaware boundaries, the try-lines out of Philadelphia and the 
main Mason and Dixon line. 

Cf. these under Source Material. For carrying out the Hardioicke decree: 
1750, Watson's, Newcastle; 1752, Original map used in suit; 1755, Emory 
and Kellen's Taylor's island; also cf. 1755, Evans' Middle British Colonies, 
and 1756, Kitchen's Penna. showing unes determined. For the final 
agreement : 1760, Agreement map; 1761, Ewing Tangent line survey. 

MASON AND DIXON'S WORK. 

Their plan (reproduced in this volume) of the lines, engraved by Smither 
(cf. Source Material, 1768) is of course the official map and shows loca- 
tion of each boundary monument. The crown stones every 5th mile are 
shown by Lucas, Maryland, 1841 (scale 1 in. = 6 mi.), as far as the 
220th at the Monongahela river; also by Melish, Pennsylvania, 1822 
(scale 1 in.=4 mi) and by Barnes, Pa., 1849, same scale to 250th stone 
at s. w. corner of Pa. 

The county maps, Martenet's Harford Co., 1878, scale l^^ in. = 1 mi., and 
Sachse's Frederick Co., 1858, scale 1 in. = 1 mi., show the mile stone on 
their borders. 

The location of all the stones are shown on the county maps issued by the 
Md. Geol. Survey. 

The crossing of Susquehanna river and islands touched by the line is given 
on Scott's Lancaster Co., 1842. 

The location of houses on South St., Phila., where Mason and Dixon began 
their work is shown on Scull's, Philadelphia, 1762. (Cf. Source Material.) 



3Y4 MAPS 

For results of their survey compare the following maps: 1770, Scull's Pa.; 
1776, Dunn's British Empire; 1777, Pownall's No. America; 1778, Hut- 
chin's Va.; 1780, Ewing, Boundary; 1790, Brenyel, Bds. Md. 

TANGENT POINT EESUEVEY. 

Several cadastral maps show the location of the Tangent Point and mile 
stones on the circular boundary, viz., Hopkins' Newcastle Co., Del., 1881. 
Kennedy's Chester Co. (Pa.), 1860. Bridgens' Chester Co., 1873. Asp's 
Delaware Co. (Pa.), 1848, and Hopkins' Delaware Co. (1876), Rea and 
Price's Newcastle Co. (Del.), 1849, show the circular line in detail. 

Cf. under Source Material, 1850, Graham's very accurate and detailed map 
of the Tangent Point Survey. 



KESTJKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 375 



SECONDARY MATERIAL. 

Account of the First Settlement of Virginia, Maryland, New York, New 
Jersey and Pennsylvania, by the English, to which is annexed a 
map of Maryland according to the bounds mentioned in the charter, and 
also of the adjacent country. Anno 1630. Q. 22 p. (privately printed) 
London, 1735. 

With ms. notes by Penn's agent, F. J. Paris. 
Cf. Allen, American Curiosa, No. 63. 

A Particular History chronologically stated of the various Royal Grants of 
Land to Wm. Penn, Ld. Baltimore & others and a Map of Same showing 
Lands in Dispute. 1662-1761. 7 p. large f. map. 

Cf. Coleman, Penn Papers, 222, 1870. 

Africa, J. Simpson. History of Huntingdon and Blair. Phila., 1883. 
Charter to Wm. Penn: formation of the three original counties, pp. 2-3. 

Agnew, Daniel. A history of the region of Pennsylvania north of the Ohio 
and west of the Allegheny River, of the Indian purchase, and of the 
running of the southern, northern and western state boundaries. 246 pp. 
0. 1887. 

See particularly p. 58 et seq. 

Allen, Edwaed G. The Penn Papers. 24 p. D. London, 1870. 

"Description of a large collection of original letters, manuscript documents, char- 
ters, grants, printed papers, rare books and pamphlets .... dating from 
the last part of the 17th to the end of the 18th century, lately in the possession 
of a surviving descendant of William Penn." Purchased by the Pa. Hist. Soc, 
1871, and now form part of the Penn Mss. of that Society frequently referred to 
in this paper. 

Cf. The Penn Mss., Pa. Hist. Soc, 3 pp. O. Martfh, 1871. Also Coleman, Cat'), 
of Penn Papers, and Winsor. Narr. and Crit. Hist., v. 3, pp. 506-507. 

Ames. H. V. Outlines of lectures on history with references for collateral 
reading. (Univ. of Pa. Dept. of Amer. Hist.) Phila., 1898. 

Maryland. The Charter, The Boundary, p. 21. Pennsylvania. Charter, Extent 
of Grant, Decision Boundary disputes. Mason and Dixon's line, 1763-67, p. 44. 

Andhews, C. M. Colonial Self Government. 369 pp. (Hart., The American 

Nation, v. 5). N. Y., 1904. 

The Foundation of Pa., pp. 162-184. Maryland and the dispute with Penn, pp. 
247-248. 

Armoe, Wm. C. Lives of the Governors of Pennsylvania. Phila., 1872. 

Proprietary government. Wm. Markham Conference with Baltimore at Upland — 
determination of this line, pp. 66-67. Deeds of foefEment from the Duke of 
York, p. 81. 

Archee, G. W. The dismemberment of Maryland. An historical and critical 
essay. Prepared for and partly read before the Maryland Historical 
Society, January 10, 1889. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pui). No. 30, Balto., 1800. 135 pp. 

Abst. A strongly partisan statement of the entire history of the controversy from 
the Baltimore standpoint. 



376 SECONDARY MATERIAL 

AsHER, G. M. A List of Maps and Charts of New Netherland, and of the 
Views of New Amsterdam. New Yorl^, 1855. 

A close study of the original Dutch maps of the region showing three "mother 
maps" and many copies. One of these is Visscher's map of 1656 ca. 

AsHMEAD, Henky Graham. Historical sketch of Chester on Delaware. 8+336 
pp. illus. maps. O. Chester, 1883. 

Brief reference to interview between Gov. Markham and Lord Baltimore at Upland 
and to the Astronomical Observation locating 40° (p. 13). 



— ^History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1884. pp. 
illus. Map. O. 

"The circular boundary line between Delaware County and the state of Delaware." 
(Chap. 3, pp. 15-20.) A detailed account of the steps taken by Messrs. Markham 
and Lord Baltimore and their respective commissioners to ascertain the latitude. 
Also a full account of Taylor and Pierson's Survey of 1701 and Graham's Survey 
of 1849. 

« 

— Circular boundary line between Delaware County and the State of 



Delaware. Delaware County Republican, 2 May, 1884. 
Incorporated in Ashmead's History of Delaware County, pp. 15-20. 

Bacon, J. Barnitz. Mason and Dixon's Line. The days of Old in Little 
York. Lord Baltimore and the Penn family. The star gazer's stone. 
The old survey and the old surveyors. Bancroft corrected. The Revolu- 
tion. Fort Washington. Col. J. D. Graham's survey. 

N. Y. Herald, June, 1858. Repr. by Gettysburg Compiler, Jany. 16, 1900. 

Balch, Thos. Letters and papers relating chiefly to the provincial history 
of Pennsylvania. 138+312 pp. Phila., 1855. 

Commonly called "Shippen Papers." Disbursing money for Mason and Diso!, 
Survey, p. 202. 

Bancroft, George. History of the United States of America. 5 v. N. Y., 
1895. 

V. 1 Bounds of Baltimore's grant, p. l.')7. His claims to Delaware, p. 516. 
Penn's grant, p. 552. Release of Delaware, p. 555. Meeting with Baltimore, 
p. 564. Settlement and Survey of the boundaries, p. 570. 

Bates, Samuel P. History of Pennsylvania. (Pt. 1 in History of Crawford 
County, Pa. Chicago, 1885.) 

Summary of Penn-Baltimore controversy and running of Mason and Dixon and 

Graham's surveys, pp. 95-96. 
Same matter in Hist. Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pa., Pt. 1. Chicago, 1886. 

Hist. Columbia and Montour Counties, Pa., Pt. 1. Chicago, 1887. 

Hist. Franklin County, Pa., Pt. 1. Chicago, 1887. 

Hist. Erie County, Pa., Pt. 1. Chicago. 1884. 

Hist. Mercer County, Pa., Chap. 10. Chicago. 1888. 

Our Country. Historical record of Crawford County, Pa. Boston, 



Ferguson, 1899. 

Controversy over the bounds of the colony. Bounds of the grants. Conference of 
Markham and Penn with Baltimore. The Newcastle Circle, the decree; the 
survey of 17(10 ; Survey by Mason and Dixon, 1863 — their records ; their last 
monument ; the marking of the stones, pp. 50-56. 

Battle, J. H., ed. History of Columbia and Montour Counties, Pennsylvania, 
etc., por. 0. Chicago, 1887. 

Summary of I'enrt-Baltimore controversy and running of Mason and Dixon and 
Graham surveys. Identical with Bates, Samuel P., History of Pennsylvania 
[etc.], pp. 95-96, but adds Penn-Baltimore conference of 1682 on pp. 60-61. 



EEStJBVET OF MASON-DIXON LINE 377 

— History of Bucks County, Pa., Phila., 1887. 

Introductory. Meeting of Penn and Baltimore ; Talbot's demand ; Penn's motives ; 
Division of Delaware ; agreement of 17.S2 ; Commission of 1750 ; The Mason and 
Dixon Survey ; Extension ; Re-survey by Graham, pp. 31-33. 

— Biographical and General History of the State of Delaware. 2 v., illus. 



Q. Chambersburg, Pa. J. M. Runk & Co. 1892. 

Beginning of Delaware, p. 42 ; i.and titles again, p. 4.5 ; Lord Baltimore again, 
p. 4G ; Boundary dispute renewed, p. 49. 

Diddle, Craig. Proceedings of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania on the 
presentation of the Penn papers and address of Craig Biddle, March 10, 
1873. 38 pp. O. Phila., 1873. 

Papers relating to the boundaries and surveys by Mason and Dixon, pp. 11-13. 

Bell, Herbert C. History of the Leitersburg district, Washington County; 
Md. Leitersburg, Md., 1898. 

Early land tenure and settlement ; the temporary line ; Mason and Dixon's Survey ; 
their journal ; the planting of stones ; their present position in this district 
described in detail, pp. 45-50. 

BLliss], p. C. An interesting historical manuscript. Two articles in the "Bos- 
ton Post," 1 column [1861?], describing the copy of the Mason and Dixon 
Journal, then in his hands [for examination] found in Nova Scotia. 

Copy of clippings in "MSS. of Mason and Dixon Surveys." Pa. Hist. See. 
^Mason and Dixon Line. [Account of Mason's Journal.] 



Hist. Mag., V. 5, p. 199. Boston, 1S61. 

Boyle, John P. Mason and Dixon's line. Part played by Alexander McClean. 
An old time deed. Old paper No. 75. % col. Pittsburg (Pa.) News 
Standard, 19 Apr., 1902. 

Breviate. John, Thomas and Richard Penn, plaintiffs; breviate, in Chancery. 
Charles Calvert, Esq., Lord Baltimore, the Kingdom of Ireland, Defend- 
ant. For the plaintiffs upon a Bill to compell a Specifick Execution of 
Articles of Agreement entered into between the Partys for Setling the 
Boundarys of the Province of Pensilvania, the Three Lower Countys, and 
the Province of Maryland, and for perpetuating testimony, etc. Mr. At- 
torney General Sir Dudley Ryder, Mr. Solicitor General Murray, Mr. 
King's Council Noell. Paris & Weston, Solicitors. [1743?] F. 2+116 pp. 
Plaintiffs case. 13 1. Printed on one side only. Articles of Agree- 
ment. 

An t'x parte abstract of all the legal proceedings that had occurLed since the begin- 
ning of the boundary controversy down to the date when the matter was brought 
into court in 1735 to obtain a specihc execution of the agreement of 1732, which 
related to Delaware-Maryland and Pennsylvania-Maryland boundaries. It "con- 
sists mainly of the minutes of testimony taken in 1740 by the sons of Wm. Penn 
to be offered as evidence in Chancery." All of the papers are not in full. 
(;f. Pa. Hist. Soc, Taylor Papers, fol. bk. A, p. 42. Copies in Phila. Library, 
Pa. State Library, and Md. Hist. Soc. 

I'UB. Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 16, 790 pp. Harrisburg, Pa., 1890. 

The original corrected proof sheets are mentioned in Allen, Cat. of Penn 
Papers, 1870, No. 166. 

Bkinton, a. C. The old boundary line; a bit of history relating to Chester 
County and Delaware State. Wilmington (Del.) News, 27 Feb., 1889. 



378 SECONDAKY MATERIAL, 

[Bbinton, Douglas E.] The Mason and Dixon Line. How the Newcastle 
circle was run; Boundary stone; trying to fix the difference; extravagant 
tardy commissioners; Erecting the boundary stones; Well known to 
sporting men; Looking for lost marks. 2 columns Oxford (Pa.) Press, 
15 Feby., 1900. 

A resume of the history from the agieement of 1732 to 1893, with a reference to 
the prize fights near the northeast comer of Maryland. 

Browne, Wm. Hand. Maryland: The History of a Palatinate. Ed. 2. Scud- 
der: American Commonwealth, ser. 6, 292 pp. D. Boston, 1884. 

Repr. Boston, 1904. 

A popular summary. Refers to charter, boundaries and history of Penn-Baltimore 

disputes, pp. 18, 96, 126, 137-149, 212-216. Mason and Dixon survey, pp. 238- 

239. 

Browne, Wm. Hand, and Ritchie, Albert. Report of the Committee on the 
Western boundary of Maryland. 

Md. Hist. Soc, Fund Pub. 29. Baltimore, 1889. 

Statement of original boundaries. Maryland resolution of 18S9 to secure resurvey 
of Mason and Dixon line. 

Bryant, W. C, and Gay, S. H. Popular History of the U. S. 4 v. 0. London, 
1876. V. 1, Charter of Md., pp. 484-487; v. 2, Grant of Pa., p. 487. 

Campanius Holm, Thomas. Kort beskrifering on provincien Nya Swerige 
uti America Stockholm, 1702. 

French Translation by H. Bertrand. 1843. 



English Translation by P. S. Du Ponceau. Phila., 1834. 166 pp. Also 

Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 3. 

Contains a full account of early settlements and reproduces Lendstrom's map of 
1654/5. The erroneous statements as to first settlements made here have been 
repeated by many subsequent historians, e. g. Smith, Proud, Rees. 

Carpenter, W. H., and Arthur, T. S. The History of Pennsylvania from its 
earliest settlement to the present time. 357 pp. illus. S. Philadelphia, 
1851. 2nd edit, 1857. 

The royal grant of a province to Penn. Abstract of the charter. Its resemblance 
to that of Maryland, Chap. 2. Deed of release from the Duke of York, Chap. 3. 
Boundary dispute with Lo/d Baltimore, Chap. 5. Boundary dispute with Mary- 
land, Chap. 10. 

Chalmers, Geo. Political Annals of the Present United States from their 
settlement to the Peace of 1763. London, 4to, 1780 f. 

Maryland's charter and its bounds, pp. 201-202. Penn's grant and charter, pp. 
636-638. Penn obtains Delaware County, p. 643. Report Conference with Lord 
Baltimore, p. 647 ; Difficulties with Baltimore finally settled, p. 651. Division 
of peninsula, 1685. 

'Opinions of Eminent Lawyers, etc. London, 1814, v. 1, p. 59. 



Introduction to the History of the Revolt of the American Colonies. 

Boston, 1845. 

Vol. 1. Grant to Lord Baltimore, p. 61. Charter to Penn, pp. 151-152. Boundary 
Question with Maryland, p. 154. 

Chapman, T. J. Old Pittsburg days. Pittsburg, 1900. 

Appointment of Commislloners of 1779 and the extension of the Mason and Dixon 
line, pp. 112-113. 



BESUEVET OF MASO]Sr-DIXON LINE 379 

The French in the Allegheny Valley. 209 pp. D. Cleveland, 1887. 

"Early Virginia Claims in Pennsylvania." Chiefly an account of the controversy 
with Dunmore and subsequent warfare, pp. 195-209 ; p. 202 relates proposition 
of Commissioner Tilghman. 

Clarkson, Thos. Memoirs of William Penn. 16+367 pp. D. New ed. 
London, 1849. 

Petitions for grant, pp. 96-100; Obtains title to Newcastle, p. 113; Dispute with 
Baltimore, pp. 148-149. 

Clayton, John M. Substance of the argument of John M. Clayton, of Dela- 
ware, for the United States in the matter of "Pea Patch Islands" before 
the Honourable John Sargeant, delivered in the Hall of American Inde- 
pendence in the City of Philadelphia on the 2 and 3 of December, 1846. 
Containing a discussion of the title of the states of Delaware and New 
Jersey to the river Delaware and its islands. 34 pp. O. Philadelphia, 
1848. 

See also Wallace Pea Patch Island Case. Sen. Exec. Doc, 30 Cong., 1st sess., v. 4, 
No. 21, Washington, 1847, pp. 221-256. 

Coleman, James. Catalogue of original deeds, charters, copies of royal 
grants, petitions, original letters, proclamations, old maps and plans in 
manuscript and printed of the great William Penn and his family. Extra. 
518 items. 32 pp. illus. with cuts of seals and signatures. B. London, 
1870. 

Suppl. 154 items. 12 pp. O. London [1875]. 

Note. The Penn. Mss. in the Pa. Hist. Soc. include a large share of the above 
items and hence very much of the original data described in this paper. Cole- 
man, as well as Allen, bookdealeis of London, saved them from destruction by a 
careless descendant of the Penn family, as Alexander did the Calvert paper for 
Maryland. 

Cope, Gilbert. See Futhey, J. S. 

Cornell, J. J., et ah Report of the sub-committee of the Representative 
Committee of Baltimore Yearly Meeting of Friends on charges against 
the character of Wm. Penn contained in "Leading events of Maryland 
History." 16 pp. Baltimore, 1905. 

A re-statement of the Penns side which accomplished its end without, perhaps, 
solving the problen of the righteousness of the contestants' actions. 

Cornell, W. Mason. The History of Pennsylvania from the earliest dis- 
covery to the present time. 576 pp., illus. por. O. Philadelphia, 1876, 

The charter and boundaries of the grant, p. 59. Settlement of boundary and the 
Mason and Dixon survey, p. 155. 

Craig, Neville B. Lectures [on the controversy over the western termination 
of the Mason and Dixon line and the possession of Pittsburg]. Olden 
Time, v. 1, Oct., 1846, pp. 433-457. 

Contains diagrams of sections of the boundaries. 

The History of Pittsburgh, with a brief notice of its facilities of com- 
munication and other advantages for commercial and manufacturing 
purposes. 312 pp. Maps. D. Pittsburgh, 1851. 

Abst. Conference between Tilghman, Allen and Governor Dunmore May 21, 1774, 
(p. 115) ; Proceedings of Commissioners of 1779 (p. 124) ; appointment of com- 
mission of 1784 (p. 125) ; running of line May, 1785 (p. 126). 



380 SECONDARY MATERIAL 

Creigh, Alfred. History of Washington County, from its first settlement to 
the present time. . . Ed. 2 Revised and corrected with apx. 375+132 
pp. 0. Harrisburg, Pa., 1871. 

The Mason and Dixon Lines, Apx., cliap. 2. pp. 24-38. Mason and Dixon survey, 
especially the extension of the Mason and Dixon line with copies of the reports 
of the commissioners of 1784, and of corr^^spjndence between Reed and Jefferson. 

Crumrine, Boyd. The boundary controversy between Pennsylvania and Vir- 
ginia; 1748-1785. A Sketch, by Boyd Crumrine, of Washington, Pa., 
Carnegie Museum Annals, v. 1, 1902, pp. 505-524. 

Abst. Gives account of running of lines and map showing their location. 

Darlington, Wm. Mason and Dixon's line. In Directory of Borough of West 
Chester, Sept. 30, 1857. Rpr. in Hist. Mag., v. 2, pp. 37-42, Feb., 1858. 

Mason and Dixon line. In Hist. Mag., v. 5, p. 199. 



Darlington, Dr. William, and Futhet, J. Smith. Notae Cestrienses. Pub- 
lished in the "Village Record," Chester County, 1858-1861. 

Futhey and Cope: History of Chester County (p. 3). 

The "Village Record" was searched for this article but it was not found. Mr. 
Cope informs us it may have been published in another West Chester paper. That 
he has searched among his papers and failed to find the reference. 

Da\^s, a. J., ed. History of Clarion County, Pennsylvania, [etc.] 663+64 pp. 
por. O. Syracuse, 1887. 

Penn's efforts to adjust boundaries with Baltimore, p. 18. 
Reference to the Mason and Dixon survey (p. 27). 

Davis, W. W. H. The history of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Doylestown, 
Pa., 1876. 

Bounds of patent of March 4, 1681. Dulie of Yorli grants, p. 54. The Swede's 
line. 

Day, Sherman. Historical collections of the State of Pennsylvania. . . . 
relating to its history and antiquities, both general and local, with to- 
pographical descriptions of every county and all the larger towns in the 
State. 708 pp., 165 ilius. 0. Philadelphia, c. 1843. 

Under Delaware County, Par. relating to boundary dispute and the Mason and 
Dixon survey (p. 296). 

Delaware. "Lower County Laws." Laws of the government of Newcastle, 
Kent and Sussex upon Delaware, published by order of the Assembly. 
Franklin & Hall, Philadelphia, 1752, f. 363 pp. 

Delaware. Laws of the State of Delaware from the 14, October 1700 to 18, 
August 1797, in 2 columns. Published by authority: Newcastle, Samuel 
and John Adams, 1797. 

Dinwiddie, Lieut. Gov. Robert, Official Records, 1751-58. Note relative to. 
Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, p. 487. 

Printed from MSS. in Va. Hist. Soc 

Dixon, W. H. William Penn. 15, 353 pp. Phila., 1851. 

Admiral Penn's claim on the Crown ; Opposition to Penn's grant ; Penn's Purchase 
of East Jersey, pp. 178-183. The Talbot dispute ; Penn's petition to King and 
division of Peninsula, pp. 225-227. Baltimore revives his claim, pp. 324-323. 



EESURVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 381 

Douglas, James C. Notes on Delaware History. 139 pp. Q. 

William Penn, a biographical notice of Iiis arrival in Delaware (p. 7). The "Pea 
Patch case" decision (p. 14). First division of Upland and Newcastle counties 
(p. 15). Notes on position of the cape Inlopen as shown on map at New Neth- 
erland, published in Broadhead's History of New York. 

In Delaware Hist. Soc. Library. 

Douglas, William. Summary, historical and political, of the British Settle- 
ments in N. America. 2 v. Boston, 1747-50. 

Pennsylvania and its territories, p, 297. Charter, p. 29S. Controversy with Md., 
pp. '309-310. Decree and work of the Commissioners of 1750, p. 311. Maryland, 
p. 351. Translation of charter, p. 355. Bounds of, pp. 356-357. 

Doyle, J. A. The English in America. 4 v. London, 1882-1907. 

V. 1, grant of Md., p. 373. V. 4, Disputes between the Dutch and Md., p. 104. 
Charter of Pa., p. 487. Sunderland's use of Baltimore's claim to secure Pa., 
p. 348. 

"Drawing the line. How Mason and Dixon surveyed the boundaries 
between Pennsylvania and Maryland: continued until they reached the 
war-path of hostile Indians: set up stones that still remain as they were 
original placed." 2% columns Baltimore Herald, October 21, 1896. 

Early history of the line also given. 

DuNLOP, James. Memoir on the controversy between William Penn and 
Lord Baltimore, respecting the boundaries of Pennsylvania and Mary- 
land. Read at a meeting of the council of the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania, November 10, 1825. 38 pp. 

Pa. Hist. Soc. memoirs, v. 1, pp. 159-196 [1826]. 

Same with slightly different pagination in second edition. 1866. 

In Olden Time, v. 1, pp. 529-548, November, 1846. Introduction by N. B. 
Craig. 
Summary of the agreement as to points, lines and directions, as well as to manner 
of marking the line in 1732 (p. 539). Proceedings of the commissioners of 
1750 to mark the line according to Lord Hardwicke's decision (p. 544). 

DuRANT, S. W. History of Allegheny County, Pa., Phila., 1876. 

Penn's grant ; York grants, p. 15. Controversy between Pa. and Va., p. 42. 

Ebeling, Christopher Daniel. Geography and History of America. Ham- 
burg, Carl Ernst Bohn. 1796-1816. 

Translated from the original German In 1SS3 for the Pa. Hist. Soc, Chap. 1, Dela- 
ware. Presented in bound typewritten MSS. of 213 pp. to the Delaware Histori- 
cal Society. From an autograph letter of Hon. T. F. Bayard, who made the pre- 
sentation in behalf of the Pa. Hist. Soc. it is gathere^d that the part Which 
related to Pennsylvania was printed by that society and that Doctor Ebeling 
received a vote of thanks from Congress of the United States for his work. 

"Boundary and Extent." Short history of the boundaries of Delaware and their 
surveys. The entire boundary controversy (pp. 175-184). Refers to the 1732 
agreement (p. 196). Refers to the 1760 agreement and survey by Mason and 
Dixon (p. 198). 

Edwards, T. Mason and Dixon line. Harper's Mag., v. 53. pp. 549-551. 
Principally based on Latrobe, Illustrations of Mile and Crown stones. 

Egle, William H., M- D. An illustrated History of the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania civil, political and military, from its earliest settlement to 
the present time, including an historical description of each county in 
the state, etc. 1186 pp. illus. por. 0. Harrisburg, 1876. 

"The Mason and Dixon's Line." The controversy. The running of the temporary 
line of 1739. The Survey of the trans-peninsular line and circle of 1750 and 
mid-peninsular line and survey of 1760. The employment of Mason and Dixon. 
Their progress from year to year. Their pay. Doctor Maskelyne's observations. 
Graham's survey (pp. 124-130). 



382 SECONDARY MATERIAL 

Ellis, Franklin, ed. History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania [etc.], 841 
pp. 1 illus. por. Map. 0. Philadelphia, 1882. 

"Establishment of boundaries." General review bearing chiefly, however, on the 
extension of the line in 1782 and Dunmore's controversy (pp. 120-122). 

Ellis, George E., and Peabodt, W. B. O. Makers of American History. 
N. Y., 1904. 

The Penn charter, p. 78. Duke of York Grants, p. 89. Conference with Balti- 
more, p. 93. Second meeting at Newcastle, p. 103. 

Elson, H. W. History of the United States of America. 32-h911+11 pp. 
N. Y., 1904. 

Pean's grant ; the disputed boundary ; the Mason and Dixon survey, p. 153. 

Emmett, Thos. Addis, M. D. History of the Boundary line Controversy 
between Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. Extra illustrated by 
T. A. Emmett, M. D. N. Y. 

Lenox Lib. Emmett Mss. 148 pieces, letters, broadsides, documents, maps, por- 
traits, views, drawings, etc., were used to illustrate the text of Latrobe's History 
of Mason and Dixon's line, Craig's Lecture on the Controversy between Pa. and 
Va., Veech's Mason and Dixon line, and Graham's Report on the Survey of the 
Tangent line, 1850. 

P. A. [Correspondent.] That Mason and Dixon Line. % column West Ches- 
ter Local News, 1 July, 1892. 

Discussion of Latitude and General History. - 

Facts about the famous Mason and Dixon's line: Why boundary was 
established and how it figured in the history of the United States. 3 half 
columns. Oregonian [Portland, Ore.] 17 Apr., 1903. 

Note. Refers particularly to the re-snrvoy by W. C. Hodgkins, 1902-03. 

Famous Old Line. Mason and Dixon's old boundary. 2 columns in Balti- 
more American, 23 May, 1886. 

Fernow, Berthold. New Netherland or Dutch in North America. 

WInsor, Nar. Crit. Hist, of Amer., v. 4, pp 394-442. 

Abst. a narrative account of early Dutch settlements together with critical essay 
on the sources of information. It deals chiefly with New York. 

• • — Documents relating to the History of the Dutch and Swedish 

Settlements on the Delaware River. Translated and Compiled from 
Original Manuscripts in the Office of the Secretary of State, at Albany, 
and in the Royal Archives, at Stockholm. Albany, 1877. Q. 669 pp. 
Doc. rel. Colonial Hist. N. Y., v. 12. 

Ferree, Barr. Pennsylvania: a primer. N. Y. The Pennsylvania Society, 
1904. 

The Duke of York grants, p. 60 ; Boundary adjustments, pp. 118-121 ; The his- 
torical reviews of decrees and documents ; Dispute with Virginia. Historical 
review ; Final surveys ; Delaware boundary, p. 129-130 ; Surveys of 1701 and 
1849. 

Ferris, Benjamin. A History of the Original Settlement on the Delaware 
[etc.] 12-^312 pp. Wilmington, 1846. 



Has a good compiled map, showing many locality names now obsolete. 

HER, George Park. The Colonial Bra. (Amer. Hist, series.) N. Y., 11 
Grant of Md., p. 63 ; Dispute with Penn, p. 73 ; Grant to Penn, pp. 200-201. 



RESUBVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 383 

Fisher, R. S. Gazetteer of the State of Maryland. N. Y., Colton, 1852. 

Boundaries, p. 1. Original grant to Baltimore, Agreement, Survey of Mason and 

Dixon. Extension of the line in 1785, pp. 15-16. 
Repub. In Statistical Gazetteer of the State of Md., 1856. 

PiSHER, Sydney George. The making of Pennsylvania. 364 pp. illus. map. 
D. Philadelphia, 1896. 

A full account of the controversy about the Mason and Dixon surveys and the 
extension. Frontispiece, "Map showing Pennsylvania boundary disputes," (pp. 
318-354). 

FiSKE, John. Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. Boston, 1900. 

V. 1. The Maryland palatinate. History of the grant, p. 255-285. Map. The 
Palatinate of Md., showing original charter boundary and present bounds, p. 274. 

The Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America. 2 v. Boston, 1899. 

V. 2. Penn's petition, the bounds, Delaware, the Mason and Dixon line, pp. 148- 
150. Apx. 11, Charter for Pennsylvania, pp. 370-886. 

Foot, Rev. George. An address embracing the early history of Delaware and 
the settlement of its boundaries and of the Drawyers Congregation. 
. . . delivered in Drawyers Church, Del., May 10, 1842. 68 pp. D. 
Philadelphia, 1842. 

Repr. by the John M. Rogers Press, Wilmington, Del., 1898, with portrait of Foot. 
History of grants, disputes and surveys (pp. 8-12). Boundary surveys. Refers 
to the 1732 map of the lines (pp. 9-12). 

Frost, John. The book of the Colonies. N. Y., 1846. 

Adjustment of bounds by Penn with Baltimore ; Limit of 40th degree ; Decree of 
Nov., 1685, pp. 221-223. Wood cut of Penn's interview with Lord Baltimore, 
p. 222. 

[FuTHEY, J. Smith.] William Penn and the Penn family manuscripts. 

Series of articles published in the West Chester Village Record, February 
15, 1873, to March 1, 1873. 

February 22, 1873. General reference to the Penn-Baltimore controversy. Mason 

and Dixon line ; current controversies over circular boundary. 
Cf. also Darlington, Wm. 

FuTHEY, J. Smith, and Cope, Gilbert. History of Chester County, Pennsyl- 
vania, etc. 2 V. Q. 782+44 pp. Philadelphia, 1881. 

Boundary Lines — "Mason and Dixon Line. The Circular Line." Describes In detail 
the Mason and Dixon, the Taylor and Pierson and the Graham surveys (pp. 156- 
161). 

-Historical Collections of Chester County, Pennsylvania. Series of 159 



articles published in the West Chester (Pa.) Village Record. 1868-1877 
Never republished except in the county history (above). 

Gambrall, Rev. Theodore C. Studies in the civil, social and ecclesiastical 
history of early Maryland. N. Y., 1893. 

Penn's ambitions; Baltimore's grant; the 1685 decision, pp. 63-64. 

Gannett, Henry. Boundaries of the United States and of the several states 
and territories with a historical sketch of the territorial changes. U. S. 
Geol. Survey Bull. No. 13, Washington, 1885. 

Pennsvlvania (pp. 78-80), Delaware (pp. 80-82), Maryland (pp. 82-83), Virginia 
(pp! 88-92). A brief r6sum6 sustained by authorities. 



384 SECONDARY MATEBIAX, 



-2n(i ed. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. No. 171, Washington, 1900. 



Pennsylvania (pp. 84-86), Delaware (pp. 86-88), Maryland (pp. 88-91), Virginia 

(pp. 94-08). 
Cf. also U. S. Geo!. Survey Bull. Nos. 230, 2.31, 233 for separate gazetteers of 

these states. 

Genealogy and biography of the leading families of the city of Baltimore and 
Baltimore County, Maryland. N. Y., 1897. 

Boundary disputes of the York grants; the agreement of 1732 (no paging). 

Gibson, John. Historical ed., History of York County, Pa., etc. 772+207 pp. 
illus. por. Q. Chicago, 1886. 

"The boundary line," with reproduction of map of temporary lines of 1739 
(pp. 73-88). Copy of King's order in Council. "The temporary line"; Digg's 
choice ; Case of Nicholas Pierce : Final agreement of 1760 ; Mason and Dixon's 
line; Running of temporary line detailed (taken principally from Pa. Arch., 
ser. 1. V. 1, pp. 556-57.5). Full statement with original notes as to agreement 
of 1760. The Mason and Dixon survey, recited from the notes of the surveyors. 
Full quotations from Graham's report. The Borough of Hanover. Digge's bond 
of agreement (p. 573). The temporary line indicated by deeds and maps of 
James Powell (p. 767). 

The history, sketch and account of the Centennial celebration at York, 



, Pa., July 4. 150 pp. Illus. O. York, Pa., 1876. 
The temporary line (p. 32). Mason and Dixon's line (p. 34). 

Gordon, Thomas P. The history of Pennsylvania from its discovery by 
Europeans to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. 7+628 pp. O. 
Philadelphia, 1829. 

Boundaries of the Pennsylvania charter (p. 55). The boundary discussions of 
Penn vs. Baltimore (pp. 73-75). Wording of agreement between proprietors in 
1739 defining temporary line. p. 223. Gives list of the commissioners of 1732 
and says no records of these commissioners remain. Temporary line of 1739. 
Commissioners of 1760 and their work. (Chap. 9, pp. 108-124.) 

Gbaham, Lt. Col. J. D. Report to the commissioners [for adjusting and re- 
fixing certain parts of the boundaries of the states of Maryland, Pennsyl- 
vania and Delaware.] In "Message from the Governor of Pennsylvania 
transmitting the reports of the joint commissioners and of Lieut.-Col. 
Graham, U. S. Engineers, in relation to the boundary lines between the 
states of Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland." Harrisburg, 1850, pp. 
10-36. 

See also source material. 1850 for different editions. 

Includes copies of parts of the proceedings of the Commissioners o-f 1765 and of the 
surveyors of 1761 as well as considerable historical matter pertaining to the 
events preceding the projection and survey of the l/oundaries. 

Mode of tracing a curve of very large radius adopted in the survey of 

the Northern boundary of the State of Delaware in 1701. 

Jour. Franklin Inst., Sec. 3, v. 4, 1842, pp. 11-15. Also published separately. 

Gbahame, James. History of the United States of North America. London, 
1827. 

The charter and its bounds, p. 56. Pennsylvania and Delaware ; Penn's grant and 
bounds, p. 387. The Delaware grant and bounds, p. 405. 

Griffith, Thomas W. Sketches of the early history of Maryland. 75 pp 
Illus. 0. Baltimore, 1821. 

Interview of Markham and Baltimore. Talbot waits on Penn at Philadelphia [1682] 
(p. 30). Relating to agreement of 1732. Appointment of commissioners. Dis- 
cussion as toy Cape Henlopen (pp. 47-48). Refers to completion of line by 
Mason and Dixon [1768] (pp. 58, 59). 

Sabln Diet. No. 28828. 



BESimVET OF ilASOX-DrXOX LEs'E OOO 

Hall, Clattox Colemax. The lords Baltimore and the Maryland Palatinate. 
Ed. 2. Baltimore, 1904. 

Baltimore's charter, p. 9 ; Penn grant ; Markham's observations and conference 
with Baltimoie ; Penn's efforts to overthrow the Md. charter, pp. 111-118. 
Agreement of 1732 ; Division of the peninsula ; Survey by Mason and Dixon, 
pp. 147-160. 

Haxxa, Rev. WiXLiAii. Hisiory of Greene County, Pennsylvania. 350 pp. D. 
No place. 1882. 

Contains an outline of the state from 1682 until the formation of Washington 
County in 1781. 

Gives an accoxint of the running of the southern boundary of Pennsylvania, refer- 
ring to stories of natives of the county, etc., pp. 52-70. History of controversy. 
'ih>? operacions of Mason and Dixcn. The Dunmore affair. The surveyors of the 
extension, pp. 84-90. 

Habt, a. B., and Cha>'>'ixg, Edw., eds. Documents illustrating the terri- 
torial development of the U. S., 1584-1774. (Amer. History leaflets, No. 
16, July, 1894.) N. Y. 

Reproduction of charters of the colonies. 

Hates, Maxlove. William Penn and His Province. 

Papers of the Hist. Soc Del., xslv., Wilmington, 1899, 51 pp. 

Hazaed, Sajmuel. Annals of Pennsylvania from the Discovery of the Dela- 
ware. 1609-1682. Phila., 1850. 664 pp. 

See also Pennsylvania Archives. 

Abstract of Maryland grant. General references to settlements on Delaware for 
years 16S0-16&2 ; many original letters and documents are given. 

Historical Collections: State papers and other authentic documents. 

2 V. Phila., 1792-4. 

Objections to Lord Baltimore's patent and his proceedings against the Common- 
wealth, V. 1, pp. 620-630. 



^Register of Pennsylvania. 

Vol. 1, pp. 269, 271, 273, 274. 

Hemphxll, JtTDGE JOSEPH. Decision in Newcastle boundary case. Johnson 
vs. Grossan. February 15, 1897. The district reports of cases decided in 
all the judicial districts of the state of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1897 
(V. 6, pp. 184-191j. 

Reported in West Chester Daily :News, 1.5 February, 1S&7. West Chester Village 

Record, 18 February, 1897. 
Very full review of the entire boundary history, especially of Taylor and Peirson, 

1701, and Hodgkins Surrey, 1892. 

Hexing, W. W., ed. Statutes at Large of Virginia. Richmond, 1822. 

Resolutions and reports of commissioners on the subject of the disputed boundary 
between Va. and Pa., v. 10, pp. 519-537. Cf. U. S. H. R. Rept. Com. on Pub. 
Land, 1844. 

Heyli:x, Peteb. Cosmography in four books, 3 Ed. London, 1665. 



a private under.sanding of the West India Company of Amsterdam & so referred 
it to his majesty's pleasure — Whereupon a Commission was granted to Sir George 
Calvert, Lord Baltimore, to plant the Southern parts thereof by the name of 
Maryland." 

Cf. Lenox Library, Chalmei's MSS. Md., 1. 



386 SECONDAEY MATERIAL 

Hicks, F. C. Biographical sketch of Thomas Hutchins (in Hutchins, A 
topog. desc. of Va., Pa., Md. and N. C, rpr. from the orig. ed. of 1778. 
Cleveland, 1904). 

Appointment as Comsr, 1783, to extend Mason and Dixon line and his associates. 
Astronomical obs. 1784 to determine S. W. cor. Pa. and his report to Congress 
1785, pp. 31-34. 

HiLDBETH, Richard. History of the United States of America. 6 v. N. Y., 
1880. 

V. 1. Charter of Md., pp. 206-208. 

V. 2. Penn's charter, p. 63 ; the boundary dispute, pp. 69-72, 341-342. 

Hinsdale, B. A. The old northwest; with a view of the Thirteen Colonies as 
constituted by the Royal charters. 2 v. Illus. O. New York, 1891. 

Penn-Baltimore conflict ; Decree of council ; Mason and Dixon survey ; Pennsylvania- 
Virginia controversy; Dunmore war; Extension of Ma.son and Dixon line (pp. 98- 
109;. 

The above description of the boundary dispute and survey is reprinted in Larned, 
History for Ready Reference, v. 4, p. 2505. 

HiNTON, J. H. History of the United States. 2 v. Boston, 1861. 

Pa. and Del. and the charters, pp. 130; Md., 136. Dispute Baltimore with Penn, 
p. 138. 

Historical and geographical description of the Colony of Maryland, illus- 
trated with a correct map of the Province. 

Universal Mag., Feb., 1870, v. 66, pp. 57-58. 
Quotes patent to Baltimore. 

Historical and geographical description of the Province of Pennsylvania in 
North America; illustrated wich a whole-sheet map of the country. 



Universal Mag., Apr., 1780, v. 66, pp. 169-171. 

Yorlc grants ; Penn grants ; boundaries. See map 1780. 



Historian, pseud. A famous line. That bearing the name of Mason and 
Dixon. % column Westchester Daily local news. 23 Jan., 1892. Repr. 
from West Grove Independent. 

History of the line. 

History of Allegheny County, Pa. 8+790 pp. por, map. O. Chicago, 
A. Warner & Co. 1889. 

The boundary dispute. Contents — Discusses territorial grants, acts of Governor 
Dunmore, Connelly and others in attempts to obtain Fort Pitt (pp. 61-74). 
An accurate resume of the operations of the surveyors of 1736-68, 1782 and 
1786, with reference to the proceedings of the commissioners for those surveys 
(pp. 71-73). Brief reference to extension of Mason and Dixon line (p. 246). 

History of Beaver County, Pa. 908 pp. por. O. Phila., 1888. 
The Mason and Dixon Survey, pp. 29-30. 

History of Bedford, Somerset, and Fulton Counties, Pa., etc. 672 pp., 
por. O. Chicago, Waterman, Watkins & Co., 1884. 

Mason and Dixon's Line. Chap. 7 (pp. 49-57). Mason and Dixon's line. Con- 
flicting land grants. Their boundaries. An early geographer. Long continued 
disputes. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon finally establish the line between 
Pennsylvania and Maryland. 

History of the British Dominions in North America to 1763, with map 
London, 1773. 

Pennsylvania Boundaries ; original grants from Crown to proprietories, pp. 101-103 
Maryland Bounds of the grant, pp. 117-118. 



KESURVEY OF MASOJST-DIXON LINE 387 

History of Indiana County, Pennsylvania, 1745-1880. 543 pp. IHus. 
Map. Q. Newarlc, Ohio., J. A. Caldwell. 1880. 

"ControYersy respecting the boundary between the Province of Pennsylvania and 
Maryland" with reference to running of the difEerent lines, pp. 175-176. 

History of the Counties of McKean, Elk and Forest, Pennsylvani^a, 
including their early settlement and development. 970 pp. Illus. por. 
map. 0. Chicago, J. H. Beers & Co. 1890. 

History of the Mason and Dixon, and Graham surveys, pp. 28-29. 

History of Pennsylvania. Darhy's repository, v. 1, No. 2, Oct., 1824. 

Terms of charter and boundaries of grant, pp. 83-87. The boundary dispute. The 

agreements. The surveyors, pp. 96-102. 

History of the United States of North America. Comp. from American and 
other sources. London, 1834. Part of a gen. hist, of North and South 
America. London, 1834. 

Pennsylvania and Delaware — the grant, p. 787, the charter in full, pp. 788-792 ; 
the order of Council determining bounds, p. 795 ; meeting with Baltimore, p. 797 : 
dispute and survey of observations of 1682, pp. 810-814; division of the 
peninsula, p. 816 ; Commission of 1732 and completion of work hy Mason and 
Dixon, pp. 884-885. 

HoDGKiNS, William C. An historical account of the boundary line between 
the states of Penna. and Del. Ann. rept. U. S. C. & G. S., 1893, pp. 175- 
222, Apx. 8. Washington, D. C, 1894. Repr. as separate. 

Part I has same title of appendix. Review of history of many lines. Part II, 
"Detailed account of the work on the Pennsylvania-Delaware boundary line," 
executed by W. C. Hodgkins, Assistant. 

Holmes, Abiel. American Annals. 2 v. London, 1813. 

V. 1. Maryland grant, p. 219. Pa. grant, p. 383. Duke of York's release, p. 384. 

Houston, John W. Address on the history of the boundaries of the state of 
Delaware. 

Papers of the Hist. Soc. Del., II, Wilmington, 1879. 108 pp. 

The early settlement of the Dutch and Swedes (pp. 1-53). The Duke of York's 
rights and patent (p. 54). Mr. Penn's efforts for a charter (p. 61). Arrange- 
ments perfected through the Lords of Trade and Plantations and their corre- 
spondence (p. 66). Deeds of feofEment from Duke of York (p. 78). Meetings 
between Penn and Baltimore (p. 83). Agreement of 1732 (p. 91). Lord Chan- 
cellor Hardwick's decision (p. 93). Survey by Mason and Dixon, and confirma- 
tory acts (p. 106). 

Mason and Dixon's line (in Lancaster County Hist. Soc. Papers). 

V. 8, No. 5, Mar. 4, 1904, pp. 115-127. Cuts of stones, with Penn arms and Cal- 
vert arms. 

Howard, George W. The monumental city; its past history and present re- 
sources. 874 pp. lUus. map. O. Baltimore, 1873. 

Description of the boundaries of Maryland and reference to the survey of Mason 
and Dixon, pp. 8-9. 

HuDDLESTONE, JoHN, pseud. Mr. Wynne. A general history of the British 
Empire in America. 2 v. 1780. 

V. 1. Patent to Pa. and the Duke of York's Concession, pp. 226-235, 



388 SECONDARY MATERIAL, 

HuFFiNGTON, WiLLiAM. Annals of Delaware. (A series of historical articles 
in the Del. Register and Farmers' Mag., 14 chapters, beginning with v. 1, 
Feb., 1838, and ending v. 2, Jan., 1839.) 

V. 1. Claim of Lord Baltimore, p. 86. Herman and Waldron papers, pp. 161-174. 

Deed of feoffment for Newcastle from Duke of York to Wm. Penn, pp. 245-247. 

Baltimore-Penn conferences, pp. 400-406. Decision of dispute, p. 413. 
V. 2. Commission of Thos. Penn to Isaac Norris and others to settle boundary 

lines, p. 255. (Copied in full from original in office of Sec. of State). Mason 

and Dixon arrive, p. 260. 

JANNEY, Samuel M. Life of William Penn. 12+560 pp. O. Phila., 1852. 

Applies for charter. Terms of grant, boundaries, pp. 154-161. Duke of York 
deeds, p. 186. Delivery of Newcastle. Conference with Baltimore, pp. 209-21S. 
Boundary controversy, pp. 239-243, 265-266. 

Account made up largely from Hazard, Watson, Clarkson and Proud. 

Jefferson, Thos. Notes on the State of Virginia. Written in the year 1781. 

Many editions were published subsequent to 17S5. That referred to elsewhere in 
this bibliography is the edition of Richmond, 1853. 

Jenivins, H. M., ed. Pennsylvania: Colonial and federal. 1608-1903. 3 v. 
Phila., 1903. 

V. 1. Settlement on the Delaware, pp. 52-53. Swedish and Dutch settlement. 
Trouble with Md. Hactenus inculta. Herman and Waldron conference on the 
Patuxent. Baltimore's title discussed, pp. 117-122. Division between Chester 
and Newcastle counties, 1678. Description of boundai-y, pp. 173-174. The 
founder of Pa. Penn's grant and stages in its issuance. Importance of Susque- 
hanna Fort, pp. 191)-204. The Duke of York's grants, p. '220. The charter in 
full, pp. 223-235. Markham and Hays meeting with Baltimore and observations 
at Newcastle and Upland, pp. 243-252. Penn-Baltimore meeting at Newcastle, 
pp. 281-282. 

Jeremiah Dixon. The Quaker Butler, in "The Friend" [Quaker Magazine]. 
Phila., V. 43, No. 33, 7 Mar., 1881. 

Full biography. 

Johnson, George. History of Cecil County, Maryland, and the early settle- 
ments around the head of Chesapeake Bay and on the Delaware River. 
12+548 pp. Map. Elkton, 1881. 

Maryland charter, pp. 12-14. Settlements on the Delaware, pp. 20-24. Utie's 
embassy to the Dutch. Herman and Waldron's mission, pp. 31-34. Delaware 
grant to I'enn, p. 109. Talbot runs line from Octorara to Naaman's Creek, pp. 
116-117. Agreemenit of 1732. Chancery proceedings. Temporary boundary. 
Hardwick's decree. New agreement and surveys. Mason and Dixon Survey. 
Resurvey, pp. 299-317. 

A good account of border troubles near the northeast corner of Maryland. Con- 
tains a compiled map showing the Nottingham tract, boundaries, etc. 

Johnson, Reverdy, Jr. Mason and Dixon's line again. Correction by Rev- 
erdy Johnson, Jr., of errors in article "A triangular state duel" in "Sun," 
16 Dec, 1891. Vz column, Baltimore Sun, 29 Dec, 1891. 

The Edgemont crown stone and its protection. Boundary stones set up as far as 
Sideling Hill. Lord Hardwicke's decision and its effect on the running of the 
north and south lines and on the triangular piece of land claimed by Pennsyl- 
vania and Delaware. 

Jones, Frederick Robertson. Colonization of the Middle States. 24+521 pp. 
D. Phila., 1904. (Lee, Hist, of N. A., v. 4.) 

Indefinlteness of early charters and land grants. Lord Baltimore's patent, pp. 
57-60. Conferences of Penn and Baltimore and partial settlement of boundaries, 
pp. 234-239. Penn's charter and boundaries, pp. 265-266. Provisional boundary 
line and survey from Penwick's Island, pp. 429-436, The Mason and Dixon and 
later surveys, pi» 469-470. 



KESUKVEY OF MASOW-MXON LINE 380 

Keen, Gbegoey B. New Sweden, or the Swedes on Delaware. 

Winsor, Nar. Crit. Hist. Amer., v. 4, pp. 443-502. 

Abst. a narrative history of Swedish settlement, together with a critical essaj 
on sources of information. Includes reproduction of Visscher's map of 1631, as 
given by Campanius ; also Lindstrom's map, 16C4-5, and a compilation map by 
Keen. 

The Dutch and Swedish Colonies on the Delaware, in Del. Co. Hist. 

Soc. Proc, V. 1, 1902, pp. 137-149. 

York's title to the Delaware country. 

Keith, Charles P. The Provincial Councillors of Pa. Phila., 1883. 

Markham appointed by Penn, Apr. 10, 1681. His deputy to call a council of nine 
to settle boundaries, etc., p. 1. Goes to England, 168.3, to represent boundary 
matters for Penn before Lords in Council, p. 3. Lawrence Growdon's Survey 
with Peters of temporary line, 1738-1739, pp. 223-229. 

Kennedy, Joseph C. G., comp. [Superintendent of Census, 1850]. Histori- 
cal account of Maryland (pp. 1-10, in history and statistics of the state 
of Maryland according to the returns of the seventh census of the United 
States). 4+104 pp. P. Washington, printed by Gideon & Co., 1852. 

The running of the Mason and Dixon survey and _the marking of the line. Also 
the survey of 1782-3, continuing the line to the western terminus (p. 4). 

[Klausing, a. E.] Geschichte der englischen kolonien in Nord-Amerika. 
Leipzig, 1776. 

Boundaries of Baltimore's patent, pp. 176-177. 

Knox, N. A. The Mason and Dixon line. In De Bow's Mag., n. s., v. 4, p. 61. 

Knczynski, V. Fr. Catalogue of papers relating to Penn. and Del. deposited 
at the State paper office, London. 

(Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 4, pp. 225-385). 

Lambing, Rev. A. A., and White, Hon. J. W. F. Allegheny County, its early 
history and subsequent development. Pub. under auspices of Allegheny 
County centennial commission. 176 pp. illus. O. Pittsburg, 1888. 

"The boundary dispute between Pa. and Va.." pp. 41-50. Conferences between 
Tilghman and Allen, Pa. Commiss., and Lord Dunmore at Williamsburgh, May 
2, 1774, as to extension of the Mason and Dixon line, pp. 45-50. 

Latrobe, John H. B. History of Mason and Dixon's line. Contained in an 
address delivered by John H. B. Latrobe before the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania, November 8, 1854. O. Philadelphia, Press of the Society. 
1855. 

Pa. Hist. Soc. Misc. Pub., v. 2, 52 pp., 1855. 

Repr. by Georgianna Bower, Oakland, Del., 1882. 

Conservative discussions of the causes, conditions, and conclusion of the contro- 
versies of Penns and Calverts. Description of Mason and Dixon and their work, 
as well as the re-surveys made to the date of delivery. 

Lee, J. W. Calendar of the Calvert papers. Penn vs. Baltimore. Court pro- 
ceedings, 1677-1768 (Md. Hist. Soc. Fund Pub., No. 28, pp. 57-126). 

The Calvert papers offered first by a descendant of Lord Baltimore to the British 
Museum came near destruction before being brought to the attention of the Md. 
Hist. Soc. by the Maryland historian, .T. W. Alexander. These papers, although 
largely duplicating the Penn Papers (Cf. Allen, Coleman, Puttick), contain much 
not in the latter. 



390 SECONDARY MATERIAL, 

Lewis, Hon. Joseph, J. "Letters on the history of Chester county." West 
Chester (Pa.) Village Record, 21 July, 1824. 

Chap. 9. "Dispute between Penn and Baltimore respecting the Pennsylvania and 
Maryland line. Settled 1762. Refers to Mason and Dixon survey and the early 
line at Octoraro Creek." 

Repr. Village Record, 21 October, 1894. 

Lodge, H. C. A short history of tiie English colonies in Amercia. 8+560 pp. 
Map. N. Y., 1882. 

Md. charter, pp. 94-95. Pa. charter, p. 211. Boundary dispute, pp. 213-220. 

Lucas, Samuel. Charters of the old English colonies in America. London, 
1850. 

MacCoun, Townsend. An historical geography of the U. S. Rev. ed. Boston, 
1890. 

The Maryland grant, p. 10. Penn., vagueness of charters ; purchase of Delaware : 
Mason and Dixon survey, pp. 12-13. 

MacDonald, William. Select charters. 9+401 pp. N. Y.. 1899. 
Charter of Md., pp. 54-59 ; Pa., pp. 183-190. 

McGiLL, A. F. Mason and Dixon line. In Princeton Rev., v. 37, p. 88. 

McGiNNESs, John F. The story of Delaware. History of the state of Dela- 
ware community. 2 v. Illus. por. Q. Chambersburg, Pa., J. M. Runk & 
Co., 1899. 

Lord Baltimore's claim (p. 33). Arrival of Wm. Penn, limits of charter, etc. 
(p. 41). Land titles again (p. 45). Lord Baltimore again (p. 47). Boundary 
dispute renewed, including the surveys of Mason and Dixon (p. 49). Dela- 
ware today. Description of boundaries (p. 54). The struggle for possession of 
the South River and what became of It. 

McMahon, John V. L. An historical view of the government of Maryland 
from its colonization to the present day. 2 v. O. Baltimore, 1831. 

Introduction, v. 1. Of the grant and territorial limits of the state of Maryland. 
Chap. 1, pp. 1-72. Alleged personal survey of Baltimore, 1683 (pp. 36, 37). 
Provisional line of 1739 (p. 41). Decree of Lord High Chancellor Hardwicke, 
1750 (pp. 41-42). Survey of peninsula east and west line, 1751 (p. 43). Agree- 
ment of 4 July, 1760 (p. 44). Proceedings of commissioners under it (p. 45). 
Recital of clauses of their report (pp. 46-48). Pootncite explanation and defini- 
tion of Mason and Dixon's line (p. 49). 

McManus, Blanche. The Quaker Colony. Illus. by the author. Colonial 
monographs. 72 pp. New York, 1899. 

General references, ' story-hook style. Scene showing a Mason and Dixon stone as 
just set by the laborer under supervision of officer with staff and sword (p. 46). 

M'Cauley, I. H. Historical sketch of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, pre- 
pared for the Centennial celebration held at Chambersburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, July 4, 1876, and subsequently enlarged. 322 pp. Illus. D. 
Chambersburg, Pa. 1878. 

General review of the running of the Mason and Dixon line and Its early history 

(pp. 11-14). 
Ed. 2, enl. Harrisburg, 1878. Same art. 

Macphebson, James. Original papers containing secret history of Great 
Britain from the restoration to the Accession of the House of Hanover 
To which are prefixed extracts froni the Life of James II, as written by 



BESUiiVEY OF MASON-BISON LINE 391 

himself. The whole arranged and published by James Macpherson, Esq., 
in 2 volumes. London, 1775. v. 1, p. 23. 

"The Dutch during the civil wars in England had encroached every vs^here on the 
English trade ; . . . Some time after the King gave to the Duke a patent 
for Long Island in the West Indies, and a tract of land between New England 
and Maryland, which always belonged to the Crown of England since first dis- 
covered : and upon which the Dutch had encroached during the rebellion." 

McSherry, James. History of Maryland. Baltimore, 1849. 

The dispute with Delaware and Pennsylvania. The York grants. Markham and 
Penn meet Baltimore. Agreement of 1732. Decree of 1750. Mason and Dixon 
survey, pp. 120-124. 

Marshall, John. A history of the colonies planted by the English on the 
continent of North America, etc. 15+486 p. O. Philadelphia. Abraham 
Small, 1824. 

Bounds of Md. grant, p. 69 ; of Pa. grant, pp. 181-182. 

Refers to the adjustment of the peninsular boundary line (p. 185). 

Martenet, S. J., Walling, H. P., and Gray, 0. W. New Topographical Atlas 
of Md. and D. C. Baltimore, 1873. 

Description of boundaries. Removal of corner stone N. E. cor. of Md. in 1847. 
Resurvey by Graham. Increase in acreage, p. 5. 

Martin, John Hill. Chester (and its vicinity), Delaware County, in Penn- 
sylvania 6 530 pp. nius. por. 0. Phila. 1877. 

Review of the claims relative to the circular boundary of Delaware, "The northern 
boundary of the State of Delaware is the well-known semi-circular line called 
Mason and Dixon's Line run in accordance with the two deeds of feoffment 
above mentianed, dated Aug. 24. 1682 (pp. 27, 28). Paragraph on Huddeli 
family (whose house was"T;he initial point of Mason and Dixon's operations on 
Cedar street, Philadelphia) and the entertainment of Mr. Mason by Joseph 
Huddell (p. 32). Biography of Thomas Pierson and reference to his appoint- 
inonC wilh Isaac Taylor to rnn the circular boundar.v (p. 499). 

Maryland. Archives of Maryland. Published by Authority of the State, 
under the Direction of the Maryland Historical Society, William Hand 
Browne, Editor, Baltimore, 1883. 

Vol. L Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly, 1637/8-1664. Bait, 1883. 

IL Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly, 1666-1676. Bait., 1884. 

III. Proceedings of the Council, 1636-1667. Bait., 1885. 

V. Proceedings of the Council, 1667-1687/8. Bait., 1887. 

VI. Correspondence of Governor Horatio Sharpe, I, 1753-1757. Bait., 1888. 

VII. Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly, 1678-1683. Bait, 1889. 

VIII. Proceedings of the Council, 16S7/8-1693. Bait., 1890. 

IX. Correspondence of Governor Horatio Sharpe, II, 1757-1761. Bait, 1890. 

XIII. Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly, 1684-1692. Bait, 1894. 

XIV. Correspondence of Governor Horatio Sharpe, III, 1761-1771. Bait, 1895. 

XV. Proceedings of the Council, 1671-1681. Bait, 1896. 

XVII. Proceedings of the Council. 1681-1685/6. Bait, 1898. 

XIX. Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, September, 
1693-June, 1697. Bait, 1899. 

XX, Proceedings of the Council, 1693-1696/7. Bait, 1900. 

XXII. Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly, March, 1697/8, July, 1699. 

Bait, 1902. 

XXIII. Proceedings of the Council, 1696/7-1698. Bait, 1903. 

XXIV. Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, April 20, 

1700-May 3, 1704. Bait., 1904. 
XXV. Proceedings of the Council. 1698-1731. Bait., 1005. 

Maryland Provincial Council Records — 1659-1672. Extracts from pp. 62. sm. 
fol. Copy made about 1726. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 705. 
Pub. Md. Arch., v. 3, 5. 

Maryland Provincial Council Records. Extracts from 1686-1689. Large fol. 

Ms. Copy. Md. Hist Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 701. 

Pdb. Md. Arch., v. 5, 8. . . 



392 SECONDARf MATERIAL 

Mason, Chaeles. Obituary. In Phila. Independent Gazetteer, 11 Nov., 1786. 

Pub. In full in Dunlop, Memoir, Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem., v. 1, pp. 201-202. Mason 
died 25 Oct., 1786, in Pliila. See also obituary in Phila. Gazette, 8 Nov., 1780. 

Mason and Dixon Line. Md. Hist. Mag., Baltimore, v. 2, pp. 315-318. 

Mason and Dixon's Line. Story of the dispute between tlie Calverts and the 
Penns. IVs column, Washington (D. C.) Times, 16 July, 1899. 

Origin of the dispute. Penn secures his grant. Surveyors Mason and Dixon. 
John Leeds. 

Mason and Dixon Line, y^ col. Gettysburg Compiler, 6 April, 1876. 

The line in Adams County, with incidents of the work done from 1763 to 1766. 

Mason and Dixon's Line. An interesting review of the work of the two 
Englishmen; marked by Crown stones at every five-mile stretch; where 
the line runs near here. % col., Hagerslown (Md.) Mail, 30 April, 1897. 

The diary of Mason found at Halifax. Interruption by the Indians and their 
treatment. Measurement of the degree of latitude for the Royal Society. 

Mason and Dixon's Line. Many of the stones marking the famous boundary 
are missing. % col., Hanover (Fa.) Record, rpr. in Baltimore Sun, 2S 
Aug., 189?. 

Where the line runs locally. How it was surveyed and marked. Description of 
the stones. Examination by York and Adams county commissioners shows many 
missing. 

Mason and Dixon Line: Original field notes of the surveyors: Earlier 
work about Newcastle. 2% columns GetLysb..r^- (ra.j Compiler, 3 May, 
1887. 

Mason and Dixon Line. Five rare volumes of the old survey in the Land 
Oflice. % column, Baltimore Sun, 18 Jany., 1900. 

Describes the copy of the 1732 artiuies of agreement; the minutes of the commis- 
sioners of 1760-GS ; the surveyor's journal of 1761 ; the surveyor's instructions, 
1762 ; the Mason and Dixon original field journal, 1763-68. All in the Maryland 
Land Offlce, Annapolis. 

Mason and Dixon's Line. % column, Phila. Public Ledger and Daily Tran- 
script, 14 June, 1861. 

Mason and Dixon's Line, y-2 column, "The Union," 23 Apr., 1850. 
Clipping in Pa. Hist. Soc. 

Mathews, Edward B. The maps and mapmakers of Maryland. Md. Geol. 
Survey, Vol. II. Baltimore, 1898, pp. 335-488. 

Abst. Includes discussion of practically all the "mother maps" dealing with the 

area of the boundary controversy. 

Good history of Saiith, Herman and other maps with illustrations. 
Note. See also Bibliography and Cartography of Maryland, Md. Geol. Survey, 

Vol. I, 1897, for more extensive list of maps. 

[Mathews, Edward B.] Mason-Dixon Line. Boundary Resurvey By A Joint 
Commission. The Penns and the Calverts. How they Disagreed and 
Finally Settled Their Disputes Over Pennsylvania and Maryland Terri- 
tory. Baltimore Sun, Oct. 26, 1900. 

The boundary Controversy, Original grants and titles, Difficulties of local points, 
Cape Henlopen and Southern Line, The Middle Point, Southern limit of Phila- 
delphia, Mcthode of surveying The Twelve-Mile radius, The parallel of latitude, 
Work of Mason and Dixon. 



KESTJKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 393 

M[aubee], B. L[atkoee]. Mason and Dixon line: random notes for the future 
historian. 1 column Chambersburg (Pa.) Public Opinion, 2 Feby., 1900. 

Examinations by social party called the "Explorers" in 1883 of the boundary 
stones in the South Mountain region. Photographs taken and forwarded to the 
Governor of Pennsylvania. Act passed 1887 to protect the monuments and for 
regular official inspection ; difficulties met with by the commissioners for Franklin 
County in finding the stones. The strange history of some of the displaced 
stones. 

Maxwell, H. History of Randolph County, W. Va. Morgantown, W. Va., 
1898. 

The Mason and Dixon survey and extension of the line, pp. 58-59. Same matter 
as In his History of Barbour County, and in Maxwell and Swishers' History of 
Hampshire County. 

Mayer, Bkantz. Tah-gah-juts ; or Logan and Cresap. An Historical Essay. 
Annual address before the Md. Hist. Soc, 1851. 10-20 pp. Q. Albany, 
1867. 

Gives an account of Cresap's troubles, his commission (p. 31) to run the western 
line of Md. and of the "Dunmore War" (pp. 73-81). 

Mereness, N. D. Maryland as a proprietary Province. N. Y, Macmillan Co., 
1901. 29+530 pp., 8vo. 

Effect of Penn's grant. Delaware settlements. York deeds, pp. 29-33. Cresap, 
pp. 306-307. 

Mead, Benjamin Matthias. Waynesboro: The history of a settlement in the 
county formerly called Cumberland but later Franklin, in the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania. . . . Harrisburg Pub. Co., Harrisburg, 1900. 

Land titles. Origin and nature of Pennsylvania tenures. Ch. 1, pp. 21-48. Con- 
tents : The "New Albion Claim." Penn proprietary grants and titles. Indian 
purchases. Conflict of title. Boundary disputes. Individual grants. 

^Mason and Dixon's Line: Some facts about the Pennsylvania and 

Maryland boundary. How the limits were fixed finally: A plea for the 
preservation of the monuments: Historical points. 1 column Harris- 
burg (Pa.) Telegram, November, 1886. 

The Penn vs. Baltimore dispute — the royal patent to Lord Baltimore — the patent 
to Penn — Lord Hardwicke's decree — the grant of 1760 — Mason and Dixon — they 
run and mark the line — the extension of the line — description of the operations — 
Rittenhouse — the boundary monument near Blue Ridge Station — destruction of 
the stones by vandals. 

Mombert, J. I. An authentic history of Lancaster County. Lancaster, 1869. 

Markham confers with Baltimore at Upland ; observations taken, p. 44. The 
decree, p. 73. Conference of Hamilton and Georges, 1732, p. 137. Royal order 
25 May, 1738, on boundaries, pp. 143-145. 

Neill, Edward D. Terra Mariae: or. Threads of Maryland colonial history 
8+260 pp. D. Phil., 1867. 

A digressive history. Refers to Penn-Baltimore controversy, giving part of decree 
of lords commissioners of Trade and Plantations 1685, as to east and north 
boundary, pp. 165-170. 

Sir George Calvert created Baron of Baltimore in the county of Long- 
ford, Ireland, and proprietor of the Province of Maryland, 214 pp. D. 
Baltimore, 1869. 

Translation of Md. charter, pp. 22-23. 



-Cecil, Second Lord Baltimore and his Relations to the Province of 



Maryland. St. Paul, Minn., 1891, pp. 253-73. 8vo. 
Macalester College Contribution, ser. 1, No. 12. 



394 SECONDARY MATERIAL, 

tJew York Official Records, 1629-1674. Notes and extracts taken from the 
Dutch Records at New York, 1753. Mr. Jacob Gaelet, Interpreter, By. 
Lewis Evans. 

Ms. Copt. Md. Hist. Soc, Calvert Papers, No. 181. 

Abst. Relating to Grants on Delaware and various Maryland affairs before Gov- 

Delancy by Gaelet and Evans. Sm. 4°, half-calf, 176 pp. [Great Seal of New 

York attached]. 

New York. Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New 
York; procured in Holland, England and France by John Romeyn Brod- 
head, Esq., Agent. Edited by E. B. O'Callaghan. 

Volume 1. Holland Documents 1603-1656, Albany, 1856, 646 pp. 

2. Holland Documents 1657-1678, Albany, 1858, 771 pp. 

3. London Documents 1614-1692, Albany. 1853, 862 pp. 

4. London Documents 1693-1706, Albany, 1854, 1192 pp. 

5. London Documents 1707-1733, Albany, 1855, 985 pp. 

6. London Documents 1734-1755, Albany, 1855, 1028 pp. 

7. London Documents 1756-1767, Albany. 1856, 1006 pp. 

8. London Documents 1768-1782, Albany, 1857, 817 pp. 

9. Paris Documents 1631-1744, Albany, 1855, 1112 pp. 

10. Paris Documents 1745-1774, Albany, 1858, 1167 pp. 

11. General Index Albany, 1861. 686 pp. 

12. Doc. relating to the History of the Dutch and Swedish Settlements 

on the Delaware River. By B. Femow, Albany, 1877, 669 pp. 

13. Doc. relating to the History and Settlements 6i the Towns along the 

Hudson and Mohawk Rivers (with the exception of Albany), 1630- 
1684. By B. Fernow, Albany, 1881, 617 pp. 

14. Doc. relating to the History of the Early Colonial Settlements, prin- 

cipally on Long Island. Albany, 1883. 800 pp. 
Note. A monumental repository of historical documents transcribed from the 
State archives of Europe. The documents relating to Dutch and English affairs 
bearing on the Baltimore-Penn controversy are found chiefly in vols. 1, 2, 3, 12. 

N. Y. Historical Society Collections. 

Volume 3 contains extracts from records in the Council Chamber In Maryland, i-e- 
lative to the dispute between the government of New Netherlands and the Lord 
Proprietary of Maryland, concerning the title of the Dutch Territories on the 
Delaware (now State of Delaware) ; taken from the book entitled "Council, &c., 
H. H. 1656-1688, &c.," p. 43. 

O'Caixaghan, E. B. The Documentary History of the State of New York, 
arranged under the direction of the Hop Christopher Moyan, Secretary 
of State. By E. B. O'Callaghan, M. D., 4 vols, Albany, 1850-1851. 4 to 
8vo. 

O'Callaghan, E. B., ed. Calendar of Historical Manuscripts, in the Office of 
the Secretary of State, Albany, N. Y. Edited by E. B. O'Callaghan. 2 
parts. Albany, 1866. 

Ogilby, John. America. London, 1671. 

A new description of Maryland. The charter and bounds, pp. 183-184. Contains 
map. "Nona terrae-mariae tabula." 

"Oldest Inhabitant." [Darlington of Bast Chester] pseud. Historical 
sketch of the origin and progress of the Borough of West Chester, Pa. 
(In the Directory of the borough of West Chester for 1857). 160 pp. O. 
West Chester, 1857. 

Very complete history of the boundary controversies and running of the lines, giv- 
ing list of authorities and typographical corrections of their works (pp. 48-57). 
"The works here referred to are exceedingly interesting, and taken altogether, 
may now be regarded as sufficiently complete. Nevertheless, a consolidation, or 
JB Pluribua Unum. edition would be a very acceptable performance." 

Oldmixan, John. British empire in America, London, 1708. 
\ 
Vol. 1. History of Maryland. Bounds of grant as quoted from the patent, pp. 
183-184. Hlstoi-y of Pa. Bounds of charter, p. 150. 



RESUEVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 



395 



Ondeedonk, Henry. A historj^ of Maryland upon the basis of McSherry. 
Baltimore, 1868. 

Boundary disputes. Degree 40. Agreement of 1732. Survey by Mason and 
Dixon, pp. 80-84. 

Passages from the life and writings of "William Penn. 6+512 pp. D. Phila., 

1882. 

Grant of Pa., pp. 233-236. Deprivation of authority, pp. 454-457. 

Passano, [L. M.] History of Maryland. Dulany, 1901. 246 pp. Ed. 2. 

"Pea Patch, The." % col., Germantown Telegraph, 1877. 

Peabody, a. p. Chas. Mason. 

Mass. Hist Soc. Proc, v. 7, p. 104. 

Pennsylvania, Secretary of Intei'nal Affairs. (J. Simpson Africa, coinp.) 
Reports of the surveys and resurveys of the boundary lines of the Com- 
monwealth accompanied with maps of the same. Prepared in com- 
pliance with a resolution of the General Assembly, approved the 7th day 
of May, 1885. 20+260 pp. Maps in separate folder. 0. Harrisburg, 1887. 

General survey of the history of Pennsylvania's boundaries (p.p. vii-xx). Copies of 
letters, etc., pertaining to the survey of the temporary line of 1739, from Penn- 
sylvania Archives (pp. 1-8). Copy of Indenture of Agreement, 4tli July, 1760 
(pp. 9-43). Copy of report of commissioners, Nov. 9, 1768 (pp. 44-58). Copy 
of the field notes and astronomical observations of Charles Mason and Jeremiah 
Dixon, 1763-84 (pp. 59-281). Copy of correspondence, reports, etc., pertaining 
to the extension of the Mason and Dixon line, 1782-84 (pp. 282-329). The 
Graham survey of 1849, with his rgsumg of correspondence (pp. 329-379). The 
Sinclair survey of 1883, with copies of McClean's and Porter's correspondence, 
from Pa. Arch., pp. 379-444. Other boundaries (pp. 445-650). 

Pennsylvania. Votes and procetedings of the House of Representatives of 
the Province of Pennsylvania, beginning the 4th day of December, 1682, 
Philadelphia. Franklin and Hall, 1754. (Various editions). 

Pennsylvania General Assembly. Papers relating to the boundary dispute 
between Pennsylvania and Maryland. 1734-1760. 

Pa. Arch., ser. 2, v. 7, pp. 301-400. 

Pennsylvania Archives .... 1st ser., v. 1-12; 2d ser., v. 1-19; 3d ser., 
V. 1-30; 4th ser., v. 1-12; 5th ser., v. 1-8. Phila., 1852-1856; Harrisburg, 
1874-1906. 

Volumes of special interest are : 2d ser., vol. v, vii, xvi ; 4th ser., vol. l-iv. 

Pennsylvania Colonial Record. 16 vols., Harrisburg, Pa. 1837-1851. First 
three volumes reprinted in 1851. 

Pennypackee, S. W. David Rittenhouse. In his Historical and Biographical 
Sketches. Phila., 1883, pp. 59-88. 

Rpr. from Harper's Mag., May, 1882. 

Laid out circular boundary around Newcastle, p. 66. Ran permanent extension 
of Mason and Dixon line, pp. 80-81. 

Peoples History of America. 11+720 pp. N. Y., 1874. 

Biographies of Calvert, p. 59 ; Penn, p. 60 ; Account of Maryland, pp. 277-284 ; 
Pa. and Del., pp. 323-387. 



396 SECONDAKY MATERIAL 

Peyton, J. History of Augusta County, Virginia. Staunton, Va., 1882. 

Boundary controversy between Md. and Fa., p. 12. Mason and Dizon line, the 
commissioners and surveyors; detailed account of Mason and Dixon's progress. 
Commissioneis of 1784, their reports in full, pp. 124-136. 

Philips, George Morris. The Mason and Dixon Line. An address delivered 
before the Chester County Historical Society, February, 1896. Pub. in 
the West Chester Daily Local News. 

The disputed land refers to the tongue of land between Maryland and Delaware. 
Description of the position of the "Star gazer's" stone. Course adopted by 
Mason and Dixon for covering the 15 miles southward from the forks of 
Brandy wine. 

Plaskitt, Joshua. Dulany's history of Maryland. Baltimore, 1881. 
Boundary dispute. Agreement of 1732, p. 115. 

PowNALL, T. A topographical description of parts of North America con- 
tained in the (annexed) map of the Middle British colonies, etc. 
6+16 pp. Map. London, 1776. 

Changes in position of Cape Henlopen, p. 2. Survey by the Pennsylvania sur- 
veyors of 1739, p. 8. The Smither map, engraved map of the Mason and Dixon 
line. 

Map is Evans' map of 1758. 

Preston, H. W. Documents illustrative of American history. Ed. 6, 320 pp. 
N. Y., 1902. 

Md. Charter, pp. 62-78. Pa. Charter, pp. 130-146. 

Pkeston, W. W. History of Harford County, Md. Baltimore, 1901. 

History of Palmers Island, taken possession of by Baltimore's agents, 1637, p. 23, 

Proud, Robert. History of Pennsylvania. 2 v. O. Philadelphia, [c] 1797-98 

Charter to Penn and placing line at 39° 44' Instead of 39°. v. 1 (pp. 187-188). 
Discussion of boundaries (pp. 201-203). Meetings of 1682 with Baltimore 
(pp. 208-209J. Controversy, Talbot's line (pp. 265-284). Decision on boundary 
dispute (pp. 293-294). Penn's reason for postponing settlement (pp. 347-377). 
Agreement of 1732 and definition of the boundaries and the final survey by 
Mason and Dixon in 1762, v. 2 (pp. 208-215). 

Pkowell, George R. A tale of Hanover. 1 column, Hanover Herald, March 
1, 1890. 

Description of "Digges choice," the running of the temporary line and of the Mason 
and l>ixon line, with poem containing references to the survey. 

PusET, Pennock. History of Lewes, Delaware. 

Papers of the Hist. Soc. Del., xxxviii, Wilmington, 1903. 35 pp. 

Puttick and Simpson. Catalogue of books, manuscripts, maps, charts and 
engravings from the libraries of William Penn and his descendants. 
.... London, 1872. 151 pp. D. 

Frequently referred to in our description of source material. 

Read, John Meredith, Jr. A Historical Inquiry Concerning Hedry Hudson 
and discovery of Delaware Bay. 209 pp. Albany, 1866. 

Reily, John T. Conewago: A collection of Catholic local history. 220 pp 
Illus. O. Martinsburg, W. Va. 1885. 

Boundary difficulties, particularly as to disputes with short references to the run- 
nings of the temporary line of 1739 and Mason and Dixon's survey (pp. 17-21). 
"Digges Choice" describes the settlements made along the line and the struggle 
for titles (pp. 21-26). 



RESUEVEY OF MASOK-DIXON LINE 397 

Reese, Geo. H. See map under Johnston, Geo. H. 

RiDPATH, J. The New Complete History of the U. S. 9 v. Wash., 1905. 

The Catholic endeavor, p. 1059. Bounds of charter, p. 1063. Pa. charter and 
bounds, pp. 1192. Duke of York grants, boundary conflict. Mason and Dixon 
line iwith illustration of marker, pp. 1204-1206. 

Riley, Elihu S. A History of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1635-1904, 
Baltimore, Nunn & Co. 1905, 423 pp., 8vo. 

Robertson, George A. The original notes on Mason and Dixon's Survey. 
Mag. West. Hist., v. 5, pp. 452-457. 

Robinson, Morgan Poitiaux. The evolution of the Mason and Dixon line. By 
Morgan Poitiaux Robinson, Richmond, Va. Oracle Publishing Company, 
1902. 15 pp., 2 illus. O. (Rpr. from the Oracle Magazine, Apr. and 
May, 1902. Nos. pub. by special request.) 

Rupp, I. Daniel. History of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, 
Adams, and Perry counties. Lancaster, 1846. 

Bounds of grant, p. 27. Boundary line bet. Md. and Pa. as given in the charter ; 
as agreed on in 1732. Survey of Mason and Dixon. The Digges settlement, 
pp. 537-538. 

ff 
» — 'History of Lancaster County. Lancaster, 1844. 

Border troubles, pp. 174-180, 268. The Maryland and Pennsylvania boundary line, 
p. 512. Commission of Mason and Dixon. 

History and topography of Northumberland County, Pa. Lancaster, 

1847. 

Bounds of Penn grant and York grants, p. 36. 

Saffel, W. t. R. Dulaney's history of Maryland from 1632 to 1892. Pre- 
pared for use of schools in the state. 303+104 pp. Illus. D. Balti- 
more, 1892. 

Penn-Baltimore controversy (pp. 115-117), The Mason and Dixon survey (pp. 121- 
124). 

Sanford, Laura G. The history of Erie County, Pennsylvania, 348 pp. por. 
Maps. D. Philadelphia, 1862. 

Penn's charter. Boundaries of Pennsylvania. Mason and Dixon's line. Review 

of said line by Colonel Graham (pp. 54-58). 
In new and enlarged edition, 1894, the same matter is on pp. 56-62. 

ScAiFE, Walter B. American, national and state boundaries. (In America: 
its geographical history, Baltimore, 1892). 

Summary of history of southern boundary of Pennsylvania (pp. 112, 113). 

Boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania. 

Pa. Mag. Hist, and Biog., v. 9, p. 241. 
Southern Lit. Mess., v. 27, p. 446. 

ScHARF, J. Tpiomas. History of Baltimore city and county from the earliest 
period to the present day. 10+947 pp. Illus. por. map. O. Philadel- 
phia, 1881. 

"Pennsylvania Border Troubles" and the running of the Mason and Dixon Line 
(pp. 64-66). 



398 SECONDARY MATERIAL 

-History of Maryland; from the earliest period to the present day. 3 v. 



Illus. Map. Baltimore, 1879. 

As to boundary controversy. Boundary disputes and their settlement (v. 1, pp. 395- 
409). 

History of Western Maryland, being a history of Frederick, Mont- 
gomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany and Garrett counties from the 
earliest period to the present day, [etc.] 2 v. Q. Philadelphia, 1882. 

V. 1. Boundary lines. Detailed account of Mason and Dixon's surveys and 
marking of the line. Cuts of the coat of arms, p. 115. Extract from Mason and 
Dixon's report, pp. 395-410. See also v. 2, pp. 295-296. 

ScHAKF, J. Thomas, and Westcott, Thompson. History of Philadelphia, 
1609-1884. 3 V. 0. Philadelphia, 1884. 

Note on latitude of Philadelphia and of northeast corner of Maryland as determined 
by Graham (v. 1, p. 3). The various agreements are stated. The surveyors of 
1V61. Mason and Dixon's survey. The commissioners. The starting point In 
i'hiladelphla [Piumsted and Huddle's house said to be still standing, south side 
of South Street, between Penn and Front Streets, No. 301]. The line finished and 
extended (pp. 259, 260). 

ScHARF, J. Thomas and Othees. History of Delaware, 1609-1888. 2 v. Illus, 
por. Q. Philadelphia. 1888. 

Boundary dispute and settlement, pp. 108-124. 

Schenk, J. S., and Rann, W. S. History of Warren County, Pa. Syracuse, 
1887. 

Charter limits of Pa. Grants from Duke of York, pp. 43-44. Markham's con- 
ference with Baltimore at Upland and the observations, p. 46. Penn meets 
Baltimore at Newcastle and desires to buy land, pp. 53-55. 

Senex, S. M. Mason and Dixon line stones. In Lancaster County Hist. Soc. 

papers, v. 8, No. 4, pp. 127-128. 

« 
Sergeant, Hon. John. Referee in "Pea Patch" case, a dispute in reference 

to the title of the island of that name in Delaware Bay upon which the 

U. S. erected Ft. Delaware. Philadelphia, 1848. 

Exec. Doc, 30th Cong.. 1st sess., v. 4, No. 21, Washington, 1847, pp. 221-251. 

The review of all the facts in that arbitration was thorough, searching, and com- 
plete and the decision of the referee which confirmed the title of the state of 
Delaware to the Island will probably stand unchallenged. 

Shafeb, Geo. H. A triangular state "duel." Yq column Baltimore Sun, 16 
Dec, 1891. 

The running of the Newcastle circle in conformance with Lord Hardwicke's 
decision. The work of Mason and Dixon. The stones set up. Present location 
of some stones not set up. Mason and Dixon's subsequent history. State claims 
to the triangle. Notably, Joseph Seibert's house, Clearspring, Washington 
County, near Ft. Frederick. Cf. Johnson, Reverdy, Jr. 

Sharpless, Isaac. Two Centuries of Pennsylvania History. Phila., 1900. 
(Lippincott educa. ser.) 

Boundaries. York grants, p. 43. Observations at Upland. Baltimore's claim. 
p. 45. The peninsular boundary. Agreement of 1732. Final survey, pp. 91-94. 

Shepherd, William Robert. History of proprietary government in Pennsyl- 
vania. Columbia University Studies in History, Economics and Public 
Law, V. 6. 601 pp. O. New York, 1896. 

Boundary disputes Jwith] Maryland. A most comprehensive i-eview of the various 
boundaries from Cape Henlopen to the southwest comer of Pennsylvania, from 
original manuscripts (pp. 117-166). 



KBSUKVET OF i£AS05^-DlXOX 1.TST. 399 

L. 5. A His'OTj of PennsTiTaiLia. Harrisburg, 1900. 

The iLarylar-i ;;:i::ia:T. Tears of dispntes. Scene of the conflict. Settlement 
proposed, ila^:- and Disons lire, pp. T7-S1. Eirtension, pp. 81-84. 

C-viire:. BzxjAiEix H. History of the land titles in Delaware CJounty (in Ms 
atlas of Dela-waxe Counry, Pa.). 23 pp. F. PMla.. 1880. 

First diTision line at QnarryTille Creek and later at iJsaaman's Creek. Accepred 
later as tie Delaware boundary. Eesurveys by Isaac Taylor, p. 6. 

Smith:, Cha p . tf s. ed. Note to "Ail Aci for opening the Ltand Office, etc.," 
passed by the Pa. Assembly, 1 April, 1754. Containing "a connected 
Tiew of the land titles of Pa. from its firs- settlement to the pr^ent 
time." 

La— s of PeniLHxlTaiiia. v. 2. pp. 105-261. 1810 ed. 

_i;; 15 Tz^ fi— :^; Irirrei zire" on the land titles of PemisylTania. Bunning of 
'-~~ .iZLzzL- : -T :z 1":"' and of the Mason and Dixon line, p. 134. The 

:;--lar:es ;:: gi-^.iz., ii. 129-137. 

3MITH, GEOB6E (M. D.). History of Delaware (bounty, Pennsylvania. 8^82 
pp. illns. 2 maps. O. Phila^ 1862. 

Foil account of the sorvey of the temporary line of 1739, pp. 247-251 ; the Mason 
and Dixon line, pp. 273-274. 

SitiTBi, Captais" Johx. a Generall Historie of Yirginia, New England and 
the Slimmer Isles, [etc.] London, 1824. 

For different editi<ms and repnbMcations see Eug. Scholars Library Xo. 16, pp. 

For The map see Mathews. Maryland GeoL Snrr., t. ii, pp. 347-360. 

SinxBi, il. 0. History of Yort Connty. Hanover Herald, 9 January, 1875, 
to December 25, 1875. 

JO— T-g ~^ 50. 1S7?. Pr"'^-?-?8l cf 'jrr'rr- '^. l^-iTb. -T~ti? IS. 1722 to riJii OctorHro 



from Pen^; - ;- i I.t ~^:-^ ;y granted 1 Aug., 1745, by Lord Bs..'.— :i s :zir.: = 
Trouble : ; =: lirr:; r; ;i:-ey. 

Smith, Robert Wai-teb. History of Attzszt'-z Comity, Pennsylvania. 625 
pp. nius. por. Q, Chicago, 1883. 

Bare reference to Mason and Dixon snrrey and description of srttle— e-r of other 
boundaries (p. 14). 

SinxH, WnxiAii Hetbt. The St. Clair papers. 2 v. Cincinnati, 1882. 

Corre^ondenee in full between Fenn, l>ord Dnnmore and himself on the boundary 
dtffiralties leading to the WiUiam^ui^ conference of 1774 and the extension of 
Mason and Dix<Ei's line, t. 1, p. 227 et seq. 

Spbxxchoeks. "K^p.t. K. S. Kolonieu Nya Sveriges Historia. . . Siockholm. 
1878. 102 pp. 

Of. Pa. Mag. Hist, and Biog., v. 7. pp. 395-419. 

Abst. Belates the purchase of land from the Indians. Instructions 15 Aug., 1642. 
to Gov. Prints from Queen Christina to "regard as territory subject to his 
directions tlie whole western side of the Delaware from Cape Henlopen to 
TTEiton Falls." 

SxorGHXors^, Rev. Johx. William Penn. 8-346 pp. D. London, 1882. 

Petition for grant and discussion, pp. 165-172. Effort of government to purchase 
pr(9rietary rights of Pa., p. 34& 



400 SECONDARY MATERIAL, 

Taylor, Rev, W. W. History of Delaware. 

In Hist, and Blog. Encyc. of Delaware. 572 pp. lUus. Q. Wilmington. Aldine 

Pub. and Eng. Co., 1882. 
"Three lower counties on the Delaware. Mason and Dixon's line. Bounds and 

area of the State." Chap. 16, pp. 9, 10. 

Thompson (G.). Colonial boundaries of Virginia and Maryland, n. p. 1899. 
1 pi. 8 pp. 1 map. 8vo. Soc. Col. Wars. Dist. Columbia Hist. Papers, 
No 1, 1899. 

Thompson, G. W. Virginia. Her ancient title to the northwest territory. 
In W. Va. House of Delegates, Journals and Bills, 1881, apx. 6, p. 6. 

Bears almost -entirely upon the proper location of the boundary line between West 
Virginia and Pennsylvania. 

Thompson, Wilmer H. Chester County and its people. Chicago, 1898. 

History of Mason and Dixon line. Penn's and Baltimore's grants. Court decrees. 
Surveys of 1739 and 1751. Theodolite of Benj. Eastburn. Mason and Dixon's 
observatory at Phila. Their survey, their instruments. Naaman's creek ac- 
cepted as boundary. The Taylor and Pierson Survey ; the resurveys of 1849 
and 1892, pp. 74-95. 

Toner, J. M. Colonies of North America and genesis of the Commonwealth 
of the United States. (Amer. Hist. Assoc, rept, Washington, 1896, Sep., 
1895.) 

Delaware, pp. 560-561 ; Maryland, 567-568 ; Pennsylvania, 579-582. 

Townsend, George Alfred. Address on Delaware and Maryland history 
before the Sons of Delaware, 7 Dec, 1898, in Baltimore Sun. 

"How Philadelphia was once in Maryland. Instrument obtained at New York to 
measure 40th degree of latitude." 

Teego, Charles B. Geography of Pennsylvania. Maps and plates. Phila., 
1843. 

Penn's charter and grants, p. 9. Dispute with Baltimore and final survey by 
Mason and Dixon, p. 12. 

Trumbull, Benjamin. A general history of the United States of America. 
1492-1792. 3 v. New York, 1810. 

V. 1 only published — 1765. 

Penn's patent and houndaiies. Conveyances from the Duke of York, pp. 195-196. 

Tyler, L. G. England in America. 20+355 pp. D. (V. 4, in Hart, "The 
American Nation.") New York, 1904. 

The founding of Maryland, pp. 118-132. 

Two Goats of Arms. Copies of carvings on boundary line posts. ^4 column. 
Illus. Baltimore American, 18 Dec, 1895. 

Description of plaster cast copies (of Crown stones) made by John W. Lee and 
placed in the Museum of the Baltimore Woman's College. 

Veech, Joseph. Mason and Dixon Line. A history including the outline of 
the boundary controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia. 58 pp. 
O. Pittsburg, 1857. 

■ The Monongahela of Old, or, historical sketches of southwestern Penn- 
sylvania to the year 1800. 1857. 259 pp. Privately printed. Pittsburg, 
1858-92. Pittsburg, 1857. 

Mason and Dixon's Line. Its peculiarities. Colonial titles. The Dutch dynasty, 
pp. 206-248. Boundary controversy with Va., pp. 249-259. 



EESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 401 

Note. "This unfinished work of the author which has been 'In sheets' since 1858, 
is now issued for private distribution only. By the addition of pages 241-2ij<.) 
which were included in a pamphlet issued in 18.57 entitled 'Mason and Dixon's 
Line,' the chapter relative to the boundary controversy between Pennsylvania 
and Virginia is completed." 

Also a very compicti' account of the extension of the Mason and Dixon line by 
McCJean and" Neville in 1782 and the fixing of the comer point by the astro- 
nomical observat'ors ni .Tupiter's satellites by Rittpnhouse, EUicott and others. 
In 1784, at the Wilmington end and at the Fish Hill end, near S. W. comer of 
Pa., on pp. 249-257. 

-Sketches of the historical geography of Fayette County, Pa. Introduc- 



tion to Atlas of the County of Fayette and Pennsylvania, Comp. by G. M. 
Hopkins & Co., Phila., 1872. 

Resume of the history of the grants, the Penn-Baltimore dispute, detailed account 
of the Mason and Dixon Survey, of the dispute with Virginia, and of the 
astronomical determination of the S. W. Comer, Pa. 

Vincent, Francis. A History of the State of Delaware. 477 pp. Wilming- 
ton, 1870. 

Vol. 1. The radii from Newcastle. Mason and Dixon line. Jurisdiction over the 
Delaware for 24 miles. Latitude and longitude, p. 11. Lord Baltimore's 
patent, p. 1.35. 

Vol. 2 contains account of Mason and Dixon line. 

United States. Issue of Script. Report by House Committee on Public 
Lands. 

28th Congress, 1st Session, H. Doc, No. 457. 66 pp. May 2, 1844. 

Appendix "C." pp. 4-70, contains reprint of the report of the commissioners on the 
boundary lines between the states of Virginia and the states of Maryland, North 
Carolina, and Tennessee. In this there is a discussion of the charters and their 
effect on the boundaries and their reference to the Maryland boundaries. 

Waxlace, J. W., rptr. Minutes of the Proceedings before the Hon. John 
Sergeant, of Philadelphia, in the matter of the Pea Patch Island Case, re- 
ferred to him as sole arbitrator between the United States on one side 
and James Humphrey on the other. 

Sen. Exec. Doc. 30th Cong., 1st sess., No. 21, Washington, 1847, pp. 221-251. 

A record of proceedings, including reproduction of many documents, and argu- 
ments by Counsel foi^ both sides regarding the title to the Delaware. Recites 
most of the legal points involved in the title of Penn to Delaware subsequent to 
the decision of 16S5. 

Wallace, John William. Appendix to Case in the Circuit Court of the 
United States for the Third District containing the Pea Patch or Fort 
Delaware Case. 161 pp. 0. Phila., 1849. 

Cf. U. S. Sen. Exec. Doc, 21-30th Cong., 1848. 

Walton, Joseph S., and Brumbaugh, Martin G. Stories of Pennsylvania; or 
School readings from Pennsylvania history. 300 pp. Illus. O. N. Y.. 
1897. 

Troubles on the border: Cresap's capture (pp. 99-102). Reference to Mason and 
Dixon line and small cut of a crown stone (p. 102). 

Warden, D. B. A statistical, political, and historical account of the United 
States. 3 v. Edinburgh, 1819. 

New York, Pa. and Md. The history of Penn and Baltimore meetings and decision 
concerning the boundary. 

Watson, John F. Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in the olden 
time; being a collection of memoirs, anecdotes and incidents of the city. 
. . . . and the earliest settlements of the inland part of Pennsylvania 
from the days of the founders. 2 v. Illus. O. Philadelphia. 

Enlarged and revised by Hazard, Willis, P., in 3 v. Philadelphia, 1879. 
"Mason and Dixon's Line." General summary, pp. 515-517. 



402 SECONDARY MATEKIAL. 

Watterson, Alfred, V. D. Mason and Dixon's Line. Some additional In- 
formation about this Famous Boundary. 

Carroll Record, Taneytown, Md.. Oct. 5, 12, 1901. 

Two columns dealing with history of controversy, especially Digges Choice. 

White, J. W. F. The judiciary of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Pa. 
Mag. Hist. & Biog., v. 6, pp. 143-193. 

Reference to Mason and Dixon survey and account of legal proceedings relative to 
boundary controversy and Lord Dunmore's pretensions (p. 150). 

Whitehead, William, comp. Directory of the borough of Chester for the 
years 1859-60, containing a concise history of the borough. 126 pp. D. 
West Chester, 1859. 

December 4, 1682, First provincial assessment. [Hazard annals have all] (p. 14). 
Boundary of .iudicial powers of Upland in 1678. Defining boundary with New- 
castle court (p. 17). 

1857 ed. Mason and Dixon line. Continuation of same subject, p. 6. 



Description of Star Gazer's Stone, etc., pp. 48-57. 

Wiley, Samuel T. A historical sketch of the [Chester] county, [In Garner, 
W. S. Biog. por. cyclo. of Chester county: Philadelphia, 1883.] 

Mason and Dixon line, pp. 39, 40. 

A historical sketch of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. [In Garner, W. 

S., Ed. Biog. & Hist, cyclo. of Delaware county, Pennsylvania. Richmond, 
Ind., 1894.] 

Circular boundary line, pp. 46-47. Cf. Ashmead, Hist. Del. Co. 
-History of Monongalia County, W. Va. 776 pp. D. Kingwood, W. Va. 



1883. 

"Struggle of Virginia with Pennsylvania for the northern portion of its territory." 
Chap. 5. References to Mason and Dixon line, particularly to the running of 
the western continuation (pp. 86-94). 

History of Preston County, W. Va. 529 pp. D. Kingwood, W. Va., 



1882. 

"Physical history and geography: Mason and Dixon's line" (pp. 265-269). 

Wilson, Erasmus, ed. Standard history of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 1074 
pp. Illus. por. Q. Chicago, 1898. 

"Origin of boundary disputes. Mason and Dixon's line. Virginia and Pennsyl- 
vania charters. . . . Efforts to settle the dispute ineffectual. . 
Further attempts to effect a settlement. Extension of Mason and Dixon's line. 
Running of western boundary line. Conclusion of dispute" (pp. 46-57). 

WiNSOB, Justin, ed. Narrative and Critical History of America. 7 vols. 
Boston, 1884. 

V. 3. Stonb, F. D. The founding of Pa., pp. 469-516. Penn-Baltimore con- 
troversy and the southern boundary of Pa., pp. 513-515, with bibliog. BrantlTj 
W. I. The English in Md., pp. 517-562. Boundaries of the charter, p. 520. 

V. 4. Fernow B. New Netherland, pp. 395-438. Struggle -with Md., p. 404 
Keen, G. B. New Sweden, pp. 443-502. 

V. 5. FernoWj B. and Winsor, J. Cartography and boundaries of the Middle 
Colonies, pp. 233-240. The Md.-Pa. boundary, p. 234. 

WiNSOR, J. Maryland and Virginia, pp. 259-284. Literature of Maryland's 
boundary disputes, pp. 272-273, with map showing charter and present 
boundaries. t 



RESUKVEY OF MASON-DIXON LINE 403 

WiNTEBBOTHAM, W. An Mstorical, geographical, commercial, and philosophi- 
cal view of the United States of America. 4 v. London, 1795. 

Penn's petition, diarter, p. 289. Duke of York, p. 291. New grant of Delaware, 
p. 293. Maryland, situation, extent, and boundaries, p. 34. 

Young, John Russell. Memorial history of the city of Philadelphia from its 
first settlement to the year 1895. 2 v. O. New York, 1895. 

Tile boundary conferences between Markham and Baltimore, 1683, and the instru- 
ment used for location of 40° (v. 1, pp. 13-15). The survey by Wm. Haige, 
commissioner, and the conference at Patuxent with Baltimore; also at New- 
castle (pp. 24-27). 



INDEX 



Addison, monument near, 99. 

Africa, J. Simpson, 201, 375. 

Agnew, Daniel, 375. 

Agreement of 1724, 156, 276, 277. 

Agreement of 1732, 163-166, 173-174, 

280-282, 319. 
Agreement of 1738, 161, 300. 
Agreement of 1760, 40, 178, 326, 327, 

328, 329, 331. 
Meaning of, 331. 
Allen, Andrew, 191. • 

Allen, Edward G., 375. 
Allen, William, 329, 336, 347, 354. 
Alrich, Jacob, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224. 
Altena, 147. 
Ames, H. V., 375. 
Amor, William C., 375. 
Andrews, C. M., 375. 
Andrews, Robert, 193, 195, 359, 362, 364, 

366. 
Archer, G. W., 375. 
Asber Glade, monument near, 100. 
Asher, G. M., 376. 
Ashmead, H. G., 376. 
Attempts at settlement of controversy, 

154, 276, 297, 298, 320. 
Avalon, charter of, 108, 211. 

B 

Bacon, J. Bamety, 376. 

Balch, Thomas, 376. 

Baltimore, George, 1st Lord, 108, 211, 

212, 393. 
, Cecil, 2nd Lord, 109, 140, 143, 

385, 393. 
, Charles, 5th Lord, 177, 268, 



316, 317. 
, Frederick, 6th Lord, 170, 190, 

328-333, 336, 340, 342, 385. 
Baltimore, conference at, 191-195. 
Baltimore's "Relation," 215. 
Bancroft, George, 376. 
Barclay, John, 334. 
Barnes Gap, monument near, 93. 
Barrelville, monument near, 96. 
Barton, Willi**, 344. 
Battle, J. H., 376. 
Beekman, William, 222, 223, 224, 226, 

227. 
Bell, Herbert C, 377. 
Bellegrove, monument near, 93. 



Berkley and Carteret, 106. 

Bevis, John, 338, 341. 

Blddle, Craig, 377. 

Biddle, Owen, 364. 

Bill of Complaint, 334, 335, 337. 

Bill of .Revisor, 173, 178, 308. 

Binneman, W., 261. 

Blaau — Map of Nova Belgica, 229. 

Bladen, Gov. Thomas, 308. 

Blain, R. H., 35, 80. 

Blathwayt, William, 139, 140. 

Bliss, P. C, 377. 

Bloommaert, Samuel, 112, 115. 

Blue Jay, monument near, 97. 

Blue Ridge Summit, monument near, 89. 

Blunston, Samuel, 294, 295. 

Bohemia Manor, latitude of, 128. 

Border controversies, 157-160. 

Circular boundary, 159, 274. 

Cresap case, 160, 280, 281, 285, 286, 
294, 295, 297, 298, 299. 

Diggs case, 160, 292, 310, 318, 323. 
402. 

Higgenbotham case, 281, 308, 309. 

King's order against, 160, 299. 

Lowe case, 160, 285, 286. 

Nottingham Tract, 274, 275. 

Observations and trylines, 276. 
Bordley, Stephen, 329, 336, 352. 
Boundary commission — 1681, 241, 242, 

244. 
Boundary lines, 263, 264. 
Boundary line, protection of, 355. 
Boundary stones, 348, 350. 
Boyle, John P., 377. 
Brandywine Creek, 40. 
"Breviate," 306, 307, 377. 
Brinton, Douglas E., 378. 
Brown, Isaac B., 9, 21, 29, 30, 31, 36, 82. 
Browne, Wm. Hand, 378. 
Bryan, George, 359, 361. 
Bryant and Gay, 378. 
Burchard, E. L., 18, 105, 205, 206. 
Burke, Richard, 139, 141, 142. 



Calvert, Benedict Leonard, 280, 284. 

Calvert, Cecilius, 177, 318, 319, 321, 322, 
323, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332, 
333, 335, 336, 342, 343, 345-347. 

Calvert, Charles, 320. 

Calvert, monument near, 83. 

Calvert Papers, 19, 389. 



406 



INDEX 



Campanius, Holme, Thos., 238, 261, 265, 

378 
Cape Cornelius, 264. 

Cape Henlopen, 144, 146, 165, 175, 176, 
212, 218, 229, 233, 234, 258, 259, 
264, 270, 271, 283, 292, 311, 312. 
Cardiff, monument near, 84, 85. 
Carlton, Sir Dudley, letters of, 211. 
Carpenter and Arthur, 378. 
Carr, Sir Robert, 148, 228. 
Cecil, Second Lord Baltimore, 109, 140, 

143, 385, 393. 
Chalmers, George, 378. 
Ohamberlaine, Samuel, 161, 162, 301, 

304. 
Chancery case, 170-175. 

Answer of Defendant, 172, 298. 
Bill of Plaintiffs, 171, 292. 
Costs of, 175. 
Plaintiffs' case, 305. 
Supplemental Bill, 173, 178. 
Chapman, T. J., 378. 
Charles, Lord Baltimore, petition to Queen 

Anne, 26S. 
Charles, Fifth Lord Baltimore, will of, 

177, 316, 317. 
Charters — Avalon, 211. 

Delaware — See Deed Duke of York to 

William Penn. 
Maryland, 108, 109, 212, 213. 
Meaning of, 278, 279. 
New Jersey, 227. 
New Netherlands to Duke of York, 

227, 232. 
New Sweden, 217. 
Pennsylvania, 234-237, 238. 
Virginia, 210. 
Chew, Benjamin, 329, 336, 347, 354. 
Chichester, Baltimore at, 130. 
Christina fort, 112, 147, 257, 260, 262. 
Chrome, monument near, 83. 
Circular Boundary, 264, 265, 266, 270. 

272, 278, 286, 288. 
City Colony, 147. 
Claiborne, William, 111, 144, 212, 214, 

215, 216. 
Claims of the Proprietors, 271. 
Clark, Wm. Bullock, 9, 17, 21, 23, 25, 26, 

29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 70, 82. 
Clarkson, Thomas, 379. 
Clayton, John M., 379. 
Colemaji, James, 379. 
Coleman, William, 329, 336, 338, 354. 
Commissions for enlarging time, 345, 

346, 348, 351, 352. 
Commission of 1732, 166-168. 
Commission under decre^ 1760, 175, 313. 
Commissioner's minutes, 179, 353. 



Commissioners of 1732, 282, 285, 291. 
Committee of Trade and Plantations, 

124, 235, 236, 237, 247, 249, 253, 

255, 256, 257, 258, 267, 268. 
Conferences, Baltimore and Markham, 

126, 127, 129. 
Baltimore and Penn, 130-135, 245, 248, 

250, 251, 253, 257. 
at Col. Hynson's, 156, 272. 
Confirmation of boundary lines, 356, 357. 
Constitution, monument near, 85. 
Contents, 11. 

Cope, Gilbert, 305, 379, 383. 
Cornell, J. J., 379. 
Craig, Neville B., 379. 
Creigh, Alfred, 380. 
Cresap, Thomas, 280, 281, 285, 286, 

291, 297, 322. 
Croghum, George, 357. 
"Crown stones," 66, 73. 
Crusarine, Boyd, 380. 
Cumberland, 56. 346. 

D 

Darlington and Furthey, 380. 

Darnell, John, 134, 346. 

Davis, A. J., 380. 

Davis, W. W. H., 380. 

Day, Sherman, 380. 

Decree of Lord Chancellor, 312, 322, 338. 

Deed — Duke of York to Wm. Penn, 243, 

326. 
Degree of latitude, measurement of, 345, 
352. 
-> Delaware, abandoned, 115. 

7-Baltimore's claims to. 111, 122, 123, 
149, 229, 231, 233, 234, 246, 252, 
258, 277, 278. 
Duke of York's title to, 114, 121, 122, 
125, 145-151, 228, 232, 233, 235, 
236, 237, 242, 244, 247, 267, 278, 
322. 
Dutch claims to, 112, 113, 114. 
Grants concerning, 112, 114, 121, 211, 

212, 217. 
History of, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 
388, 389, 390, 394, 396, 398, 399, 
400, 402. 
Penn's claims to, 129, 130, 149, 150, 
243, 245, 258, 266, 271, 277, 270, 
281. 
-^^Delaware-Maryland boundary proposed, 
119, 226. 
Delaware-Maryland, relations of, 217, 

218, 219, 220, 221, 270. 
Delaware-Virginia, relations of, 115. 
Delisle. Charles, 369. 
De Vries, 115, 146. 



INDEX 



407 



Diggs, John, 292. 

Dinwiddle, Robert, 380. 

Dixon, Jeremiah, 40, 340-341. 

Dixon, W. H., 380. 

Douglas, James C, 381. 

Douglas, William, 381. 

Draco, monument near, 85. 

Dulaney, Daniel. 295, 296, 329, 331, 334. 

Dulaney, Dennis, 339. 

Dunljard Creek, 61. 

Dunlop, James, 381. 

Dunmore, Gov., 357. 

Durant, S. W., 381. 

Dunn, Samuel, 358. 

Dutch settlements, 113. 

Dutch West India Co., 115, 120, 145, 146, 

211, 212, 217, 218, 220, 221, 224- 

227. 
Dutch and English, articles between, 149, 

228, 232. 

E 

Eastbum, Benjamin, 162, 288, 299, 301, 

304, 305. 
Eberling, C. D., 381. 
Eden, Gov. Robert.. 356. 
Egle, William H., 381. 
Elk Mills, monument near. So. 
Ellerslie, monument near, 74, 95. 
Ellicott, Andrew, 366. 
Ellis and Peabody, 382. 
Elson, H. W., 382. 
Emery, John, 317, 320, 323 
Emmett, Thomas A., 382. 
Emmitsburg, monument near, 88. 
Emory, Arthur, 331, 333, 335. 
Emory and Killen, 317. 
Evans, Lewis, 309, 310, 321, 323, 325. 
Ewing, John, 336, 338, 343, 359, 363, 

366. 
Extension, of Mason-Dixon Line, 357, 

379, 380, 399, 400-401. 
Eyre, Joshua P., 369, 370. 

P 

Pairview, monument near, 83. 

Pawn Grove, monument near, 83. 

Penwick Island, 175, 176, ISO, 181. 

Pendall, Governor, 117, 127, 221. 

Pernow, B., 382. 

Perree, Barr, 382. 

Perris, Benjamin, 382. 

Pinzel, monument near, 97. 

Pisher, George P., 382. 

Pisher, Sidney 6., 383. 

Piske, John, 383. 

Plintstone, monument near, 94. 



Poot, George, 383. 

Fort Casimir, 117, 147, 219. 

Port Nassau, 115, 146. 

Pountaindale, monument near, 88. 

Frederick, John, 331. 

Frederick, Sixth Lord Baltimore, 177. 

190, 328-336, 340, 342, 385. 
Prisby, James, letter to, 240. 
Fry and Jefferson, map of, 328. 
Furthey, J. Smith, 379, 380, 383. 

G 

Gale, Levin, 161, 162, 301, 302. 

Gambrall, Theo. C, 383. 

Gannett, Henry, 383. 

Gamett, Thomas, 331, 333, 336-338. 

Gatchell, Elisha, 275, 276, 299. 

Gates, Thomas, 210. 

George. First Lord Baltimore, 108, 211, 

212, 393. 
Georgis, John, 290. 
Gibson, John, 384. 

Godyn, Samuel, 112, 115, 146, 212. 

Goldsborough, Charles, 331. 

Gordon, Gov. Patrick, 166, 281-290, 292- 

294. 
Gordon, Thomas P., 384. 
Gorsuch Mills, monument near, 85, 86. 
Graceton, monument near, 85. 
Graham, J. D., S3, 197-199, 367-370, 384. 
Graham Survey. 196, 197-199, 367-370. 
Grahame, James, 384. 
Grantsville, monument near, 98. 
Griffith, Thomas W., 384. 
Growden, Lawrence, 161, 301, 302, 303, 

304, 306. 
Grub Comers, monument near, 74, 84. 

H 

"Haecteneus inculta," 108, 109, 119, 170, 

213, 223, 224. 
Halge. Wm., 128, 129. 
Hall, Clayton C, 385. 

Hall, Jonathan, 335, 336, 337, 338. 
Hamilton, Andrew, 290. 
Hamilton-Georges Embassy, 290. 
Hamilton, Gov. James., 309, 310, 311. 

312, 314, 318, 330, 334, 336, 338, 

339, 354. 
Hammersley, Hugh, 306, 334, 346, 352. 
Hancock, monument near, 92. 
Hanna, William, 385. 
Harney, monument near, 88. 
ITardwicke, Lord, Decision of. 173. 
Harris, Mr., 333, 341. 
Harrison, Gov. Benj., 364, 365, 366. 
Hart and Channing, 385. 



408 



INDEX 



Hastings, Gov. Daniel II., -7. 
Hayes, Manlove, 3So. 
Hazard, Samuel, 3S.j. 
Hazen, monument near, 0'>. 
Henly, Robert. 311. 
Hening, W. W.. .''.85. 
Herrman, Augustine, 222, 223. 

Map of Maryland and Virginia, 12."), 
231, 233. 
Herrman and Waldron Embassy, 118, 

119, 222, 223, 224. 
Heylin, Peter, 385. 
Hicl£S, F. C, 38G. 
Highfield, monument near, 81). 
Hildreth, Richard, 386. 
Hinsdale, B. A., 386. 
Hinton, J. H., 386. 
Histoi'y of tlie Boundary dispute, 17, 

103-203. 
Hodgkins, W. C, 17, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 
37, 39, 82, 387. 
Preliminary Report of, 34-35. 
Hodgkins Survey, 202-203. 
Holland, resolutions of, 210, 211, 212, 

215. 
Holme, Thos., Map of Pennsylvania, 238. 

261, 265, 37b. 
Holmes, Abiel, ,387. 
Holt, Ryres, 338, 354. 
Houston, John W., oS7. 
Howard, George W., 387. 
Huddlestone, John, 3S7. 
HuSington, William, 388. 
Hutchins, Thomas, 366. 



I 



Illustrations, 15. 

Indenture of release, Duke of York to 

Wm. Penn, 243, 326. 
Indians, attitude of, 56, 60, 61, 188, 349, 

350. 
Issue of Script, 401. 



James Island, 177, 181. 
Janney, Samuel M., 38S. 
Jefferson, Thomas, 192, 362, 363, 364. 

388. 
Jenifer, Daniel, 340, 342, 346, 350. 
Jenkins, Henry, 329. 
Jenkins, H. M., 388. 
Jenkins, Sir Lyonel, 140. 
Jenings, Edmund, 295, 296, 315, 316, 

318, 319, 324.* 
Jersey Surveyors, 161, 162, 301, 302. 
Johnson, George, 388. 



Johnson, Reverdy, 388. 

Johnson, Sir William, 56, 189, 349, 350, 

355. 
Johnston, William P., 370. 
Jones, F. R., 388. 

K 

Keen, Gregory B., 389. 

Keith, Charles P., 389. 

Keith, Governor, 274. 

Key, H. G. S., 367, 368. 

King's letter of August 19, 1681, 131, 

134. 
Kinsey, John, 298. 
Kitchen, Thomas, 323, 326. 
Knczyski, V. W., 389. 



Laet, Jean de, map by, 214. 

Lamburg and White, 389. 

Lardner, Lynford, 354. 

Latitude, determinations of, 40, 123, 128, 

129, 229, 242, 246, 251. 
Latitude 40°, Baltimore's claim to, 129, 

131, 145, 293. 

Latitude 40°, meaning of, 106, 120, 131, 

132, 293, 313, 322, 357. 
Latitude of Philadelphia, 40. 
Latrobe, John H. B., 389. 
Latta, James W., 32, 33, 70. 
Lee, J. W., 389. 

Leeds, John, 338. 
Leitersburg, monument near, 89. 
Letters — Assembly of XIX, 215. 
Charles I, 214, 215, 217. 
Charles II to Lord Baltimore, 238, 242. 
Lewis, J. J., 390. 
Lewis, Thomas, 359. 
Lewisville, monument near, 83. 
Library of Congress, 18. 
Lightfoot, Samuel, Journal of, 304. 
Lineboro, monument near, 87. 
Littlestown, monument near, 87. 
Lloyd, Edward, 323, 329. 
Lloyd, Philemon, 275. 
Lodge, Henry C, 390. 
Logan, James, 156, 157, 265, 267, 269, 

270-273, 276-280, 285, 288, 289, 

290, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 306. 
Logan's views of Cape Henlopen, 157, 

270. 
Lombard, monument near, 83. 
London Tract, map of, 304. 
Lowe, John, 285, 286. 
Lowndes, Gov. Lloyd, 27, 28. 
Lucas, Samuel, 390. 
Lukens, John, 192, 335, 336-338, 341, 

362. 



INDEX 



409 



M 

McCandless, Alex., 328. 

McCauley, I. H., 390. 

McClean, Alex., 193, 363, 364, 365, 366. 

MeClean, Archibald, 193, 194, 336-338, 

362. 
McClean, Moses, 332. 
Macloun, Townsend, 390. 
McDonald, William, 390. 
McGunness, John F., 390. 
McMahon, John V. L., 390. 
McManus, Blanche, 390. 
Macpherson, James, 390. 
McSherry, James, 391. 
Madison, James, 193, 359, 363. 
Malcolm, Alex., 329. 
Maps, 372. 

Agreement of 1732, 164, 282. 

Agreement of 1738. Senex, 300. 

America, 211, 214, 261, 323, 326, 358. 

Boundary lines, 305, 317, 354, 357, 
399. 

London Tract, 304. 

Maryland, 215. 

Newcastle, 285, 299. 

Nottingham, 304. 

Pennsylvania, 310, 325, 327, 356. 

Philadelphia, 339. 

Temporary Line, 304. 

Virginia, 210, 292, 328. 
Markleysburg, monument near, 100, 101. 
Markham, Gov. William, 126-130. 
Marcus Hook, Baltimore at, 130. 
Marriage agreement of Lord Baltimore, 

177. 
Martenet, Walling and Gray, 391. 
Martin, Edward R., 80. 
Martin, John H., 391. 
Maryland Archives, 391. 
Maryland Historical Society, 18, 35, 7-^. 
Maryland, History of, 375, 378, 383, 384, 
385, 386, 390, 391, 393, 395, 397, 
402. 
Maryland, northwest corner of, 100. 
Maryland Line, monument near, 86. 
Miaryland warrants, 285. 
Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary, l,o- 

gan's views, 279. 
Maskelyne, N., 349. 
Mason, Charles, 184-185, 340, 341, 392. 
Mason and Dixon, 184-190, 345-346, 349, 
350, 351, 852, 353. 

Agreement with, 40, 186, 340, 341. 

Appointment of, 184, 336. 

Bill of, 190, 353, 355. 

Journal of, 39, 186, 189-190, 202, 351, 
377. 

Map by, 66, 189, 352, 354, 355. 



Oath of, 342. 

Work of, 186-190. 
Mason-Dixon line, condition of, 34, 68, 
72, 196. 

Confirmation of, 190. 

Cost of, 190. 

Eastward extension of, 55. 

Latitude of, 41. 

Western end of, 62, 189. 

Westward extension, 190-195. 
Mason and Dixon, monument near, 90. 
Mason and Dixon Survey, 340. 
Mathews, Edward Bennett, 9, 18, .'56, 

103, 105, 205, 206, 392. 
Maxwell, H., 393. 
Mayer, Brantz, 393. 
Mead, B. M., 393. 
Meakins, John, 315. 

Measurements, methods of, 41, 5o, 162, 
176, 302, 311, 315, 316, 332, 333.' 
334, 335. 
Mereness, N. D., 393. 
Meridian line, 45, 180, 181-183. 
Methods of survey, 341. 
Middleburg, monument near, 90. 
Middle Point, 180, 181, 186, 187, 352. 
Midvale, monument near, 89. 
Minuet, Peter, 116, 117. 
Mowbert, J. I., 393. 
Monuments, description of, 35, 66. 72. 
Monuments, locations of, 83-101. 
Monuments, removal of, 35, 70, 71. 
Monuments, setting of, 45, 50, 55, 63, 

64, 65, 66, 73, 78. 
Moore, Nicholas, 138. 
Moore, Pres. William, 364, 365. 
Mt. Savage, monument near, 96. 

N 

Nanticoke river, 181, 182. 

Xeale, James, 120, 224, 225, 226. 

Xeill, E. D., 393. 

Nevell, Joseph, 194, 364, 365, 366. 

New Amstel, 120, 121. 

Newcastle, 121, 124, 285, 299. 

Center of, 175, 180, 314. 

Conference at, 134-135. 

Latitude of, 123, 128. 
New Freedom, monument near, 73, 86. 
Newpark, monument near, 85. 
New York records, 394. 
Nicolls, Col. Richard, 227, 228. , 

Nichols, Richard, 148. 
Niverton, monument near, 98. 
Noble, Richard, 129. 
Norrisville, monument near, 85. 
North line, 45, 180183. 



410 



INDT5X 



Northern boundary, Baltimoi-e claims, 

274, 293, 320. 
Nottingham Tract, 156, 157, 158, 304. 

O 

Oakton, monument near, 98, 99. 
O'Callaghan, E. B., 394. 
Oetoraro line, 136-137, 160, 274-275 
Ogilby, John, Map of America, 230, 39k 
Ogle, Gov. Samuel, 166, 280-290, 291. 

292-299, 301, 307, 308, 309. 310, 

311, 312. 
Oldmixan, John, 394. 
"Old Style" vs. "New Style" Calendar, 

208. 
Onderdonk, Henry, 395. 
Order of 4th April, 1638, 111, 144, 173. 

217, 258. 
Order of November 13, 1685, 142, 144, 

145, 153, 154, 259, 269. 
Order of May 4, 1738, for Temporary 

line, 301, 306, 307. 
Original Survey, 39, 186-190. 
Errors in, 198, 199, 201. 



Palmer, Pres., 308, 309. 

Palmer's Island, latitude of, 217, 24R, 

267. 
Paris, Ferd. J., 169, 177, 290, 300, 307, 

315. 
Parsons, William, 311, 317, 318. 
Passano, L. M., 395. 
Patterson, James, 364. 
Pea Patch Island case, 379, 398, 401. 
Peninsular line, 175, 179, 314-318, 325. 
Pen-Mar, monument near, 89. 
Penn, John, 169, 277-282, 290, 292, 301, 

305, 308. 
Penn, Gov. John, 356. 
Penn, Richard, 328, 329, 353, 357. 
Penn, Thomas, 169, 282, 2S3, 284, 288, 

289, 290, 292, 296, 305, 306, 309, 

310, 318, 328, 329, 332, 337, 340, 

341, 350, 353. 
Penn, William, 124, 130-135, 140, 225, 

235, 379, 380, 385, 388, 399. 
Dealings with Indians, 250, 251. 
Financial straits of, 267. 
His dealings, fairness of, 124, 12G, 

131, 134, 138, 158, 250, 251, 252, 

270. 
Will of, 153, 270, 272, 273. 
Penn Manuscripts, 19, 375, 379, 383, 396. 
Pennsylvania, grant of, 124, 125. 

History of, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 

381, 382, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388. 

395, 396, 398, 399. 401, 402. 



Proposed surrender of, 267, 269, 277. 
a Royal Province, 261, 262. 
Pennsylvania archives, 19, 395. 
Pennsylvania Historical Society, 18, 35, 

73, 95. 
Pennsylvania-Virginia boundary, 357-367. 
Pennypacker, S. W., 395. 
Peters, Richard, 161, 189, 301, 302, 30.3, 
304, 306, 311, 317, 318, 329, 334, 
335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 344, 345, 
354. 
Petition of August 8, 1734, 169. 
Petitions of Baltimores, 121, 139, 153, 
163, 212, 268, 269, 280, 291, 309, 
319, 320, 352. 
Petition, New Netherland Co. to Prince 

of Orange, 210. 
Petitions of Penns, 153, 156, 178, 268, 

273, 291, 318, 321. 
Petition, Pennsylvania to George II, 296, 

297. 
Peyton, J., 396. 
Philadelphia, latitude of, 40. 
Philips, George M., 396. 
Pierson, Thomas, 264, 265. 
Piney Grove, monument near, 93. 
Plain view of all that has been done, 

274. 
Plaskitt, Joshua, 396. 
Pleasant Grove, monument near, 74, 84. 
I'lymouth Company, 106. 
Pocahontas, monument near, 97. 
"Post marked west," 42, 77, 188. 
Pownall, Thomas, 358, 396. 
Preface, 17. 
Preston, H. W.. 396. 
Preston, Samuel, 298. 
Preston, W. W., 396. 
Preston and Kinsey Embassy, 298. 
Priggs, Aug., 331, 333. 
Pritchett, Henry S., 27, 29, 31, 33, 70. 
Privy Council — Letters, 211, 234. 
Orders affecting Dutch, 211. 
Orders and Resolutions affecting Vir- 
ginia, 213, 214. 
Proposed exchange of Potomac tanas for 

Nottingham, 279, 281. 
Protection of boundary line, 355. 
Proud, Robert, 396. 
Pullot, Earl of, 175. 
Pusey, Pennock, 396. 
L'uttrick and Simpson, 396. 



Quo warranto proceedings, 143, 216, 257, 
258, 260, 261. 



INDEX 



411 



R 

Radziminski, C, 368, 369. 

Ratification of survey, 355. 

Read, John M., 396. 

Reed, Josepli, 192, 361, 362, 363. 

Reid, monument neai', 89. 

Reily, John T., 396. 

Release of costs, 329. 

Report of the Commission, 17, 21, 23, 25, 

36. 
Report of the Engineer, 17, 37-102. 
"Representation of Pacts," 343. 
Resurveys, 195-203, 371. 
Resurvey, agreement for, 30-33, 70. 

Authorization of, 28, 29, 30, 31, 69, 70. 

Operations of, 71, 75-81. 

Purposes of, 70. 

Ratification of, 21, 81. 

Report on, 37, 68-102. 
Resurvey Commission, 9. 
Resurvey Commission, meetings of, 29, 

33, 36. 
Riddle, George Read, 369. 
Rights by discovery, 106, 401. 
Rideout, John, 327, 338, 343. 
Ridley, Nicholas, 315. 
Riley, Elihu S., 397. 
Rising Sun, monument near, 84. 
Ritchie, Albert, 378. 
Rittenhouse, David, 344, 359, 363, 366, 

395. 
Robertson, John, 333, 334, 337. 
Robinson, Morgan P., 397. 
Rock Springs, monument near, 84. 
Rupp, I. Daniel, 397. 



Saffel, W. T. R., 397. 

St. Clair, Arthur, 357, 358. 

Sanford, Laura G., 397. 

Scarf e, Walter B., 397. 

Scharf, J. Thomas, 397, 398. 

Schenk, J. S., 398. 

Scull, Nicholas, 327, 339, 356. 

Senex, John, 281, 292, 300. 

Senex, S. M., 398. 

Sergeant, John, 398. 

Shafer, George H., 398. 

Shankland, William, 331, 333. 

Sharpe, Gov. Horatio, 56, 320, 321, 322, 
323, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332, 
336, 338-340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 
346, 347. 

Sharpe, John, 306, 318. 

Sharpless, Isaac, 398. 

Shepherd, William R., 398. 

Shippen, Edward, 345, 346, 354. 



Shippen, Joseph, 341, 345. 

Accounts of, 354, 356. 
Shummel, L. S., 399. 
Silfverlong, Jonas, 280. 
Sinclair, C. H., 200, 201. 
Sinclair survey, 196, 200-202. 
Slate Hill, monument near, 84. 
Slaughter Creek, 177. 
Sloan, Henry, 304. 
Smith, Benjamin H., 399. 
Smith, George, 399. 
Smith, Captain John, 210, 292, 399. 
Smith, M. D., 399. 
Smith, Robert, 332. 
Smith, R. W., 399. 
Smith, William H, 399. 
Somerfleld, monument near, 99. 
Source material, 210-374. 
"South" line, 305. 

Speelman Mills, monument near, 99. 
Sprinchoms, Karl K. S., 399. 
Stack, Thomas, 304. 
Stapler, John, 331, 333. 
States General, orders and resolutions 

of, 210, 212, 215. 
Stewartstown, monument near, 85. 
Stiltz, monument near, 86. 
Stirling, Earl of, 332, 336, 337. 
Stone, Gov. William A., 28. 
Stoughton, John, 399. 
Stuart, George, 338. 
Stuyvesant, Peter, 117, 218, 220, 221, 

222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227. 
"Sum and Substance," 140, 248. 
Surveys under agreement of 1760, 179- 

184. 
Susquehanna Fort, 124, 225, 231, 235, 

261. 
Susquehanna, settlements on west side 

of, 157, 159, 274, 275, 294, 296. 
Sutherland, petition of Earl of, 271, 272, 

277, 278. 
Swaenendiel, 115, 212. 
Swedes and Dutch, relations of, 117. 
Swedish settlements, 116. 
Sylmar, monument near, 83. 

T 

Tailler's, conference at, 130-134. 

Talbot, George, 136-138. 

Talbot, George, commission to, 246, 247, 

251. 
Talbot embassy, 137-138. 
Talbot line, 136, 137, 160, 274-275. 
Tangent line, 55, 144, 180, 182. 

Angle of, 182, 183. 

Length of, 183. 

Location of, 183-184, 188. 



412 



INDEX 



Tangent point, 45, ISO, 183. 
Tangent point survey, 196, 367-370. 
Tasker, Benjamin, 308, 314, 318, 319, 

329, 330, 338. 
Taylor, Abraham, 316. 
Taylor, Howard, 80. 
Taylor, John, 302, 304, 305. 
Taylor, Isaac, 264, 265, 275, 276. 
Taylor, W. O., 400. 
Taylor and Pierson survey, 196, 202, 

264, 265, 270, 272. 
Taylor Island, 177, 180. 
"Temporary" line, 160-163, 299, 300, 

301, 302, 304, 305, 306, 311, 325. 
Thomas, Gov. George, 162, 301-303, 306, 

309. 
Thomas, Governor, 367. 
Thompson, G., 400. 
Thompson, Wilmer H., 400. 
Thornton and Fisher map, 262. 
Tilghman, James, 191, 357, 358. 
Tittman, O. H., 9, 19, 21, 26, 34, 36, 82. 
Toner, J. M., 400. 
Tovt^nsend, George A., 400. 
Transpeninsular line, 175, 179, 181, 314- 

318, 325. 
Trego, Charles B., 400. 
Trumbull, Benjamin, 400. 
"Twelve mile circle," 151, 167, 175, 176, 

182, 202-203, 236, 240, 264, 278. 
Tyler, L. G., 400. 



United Companies, (Dutch), 112-116, 

145. 
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 18, 19, 

200. 
Upland, conference at, 129. 
Upland, latitude of, 129. 
Ussling, William, 211. 
Utie's visit to Delaware, 118, 220, 221, 

222. 



Vanbibber, arrest of, 275. 
Van Arden, C. H., 200, 201. 
Vansweringen, Garrett, relation of, 143, 

255. 
Veech, Joseph, 400, 401. 
Vincent, Francis, 401. 
Virginia, original extent of, 106. 
Virginia-Maryland, relations of, 109, 212, 

213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219. 
Virginia-Pennsylvania boundary, 357-367, 

380, 399. 
Visscher, N. J., map by, 165, 174, 219, 

270. 

W 

Wallace, John W,, 401. 

Walton and Brumbaugh, 401. 

Warden, D. B., 401. 

Watkins Point, latitude of, 131. 

Watson, John, 177, 311, 314, 315, 330, 

333. 
Watson, John F., 401. 
Watterson, A. V. D., 402. 
W«lch Tract controversy, 156, 158, 274, 
West India Co. cedes South river to 

Amsterdam, 227. 
White, Jerome, 123, 229, 230. 
White, J. W. F., 402. 
Whitehead, William, 402. 
Whorekill, 115, 120, ' 

Width of peninsular, 181, 
Wiley, Samuel T„ 402. 
Willing, Thomas, 354. 
Wilson, Erasmus, 402, 
Winsor, Justin, 402. 
Winthrop, Gov., 218. 
Winterbotham, W,, 403. 
Worcester County, (old) erected, 123, 

231. 
Worfordsburg, monument near, 92. 



Youghiogheny, 57. 
Young, John K., 403, 



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